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Celtic - a family of languages, which includes the language spoken by the inhabitants of Britain before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in the fifth century and its later forms (Welsh, Cornish), and also Irish and Gaelic.
Old English - the Germanic language of the Anglo-Saxons, spoken in England between the fifth and twelfth centuries
Old Norse - the Germanic language of the Vikings, who settled in northern and eastern parts of England in the ninth and tenth centuries
French - the language of the Norman invaders led by William the Conqueror
Latin - the language of the Romans, who conquered Britain in the first century AD, but also the administrative language of the Normans: most Latin in place-names dates from the medieval rather than Roman period
Middle English - this refers to the varieties of English spoken between c. 1100 and c. 1500
Modern English - this refers to the varieties of English spoken after about 1500