6. Fragaria L. Por F.R. Barrie. Hierbas perennes, rizomatosas y frecuentemente estoloníferas. Hojas basales, 3-foliadas, estípulas adnatas a los pecíolos. Inflorescencias terminales sobre tallos afilos, cimosas. Flores bisexuales o unisexuales y plantas dioicas o poligamodioicas; hipanto obcónico a pateliforme; bractéolas 5; sépalos 5(-9 F. × ananassa); pétalos 5(-9 F. × ananassa); estambres 20 o más; receptáculo cónico o globoso; ovario súpero; carpelos numerosos, libres; estilo lateral o sub-basal. Frutos formados por numerosos aquenios sobre el receptáculo carnoso agrandado o embebidos en este. Aprox. 10 spp. Eurasia templada y Norteamérica, 1 sp. (Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.) en Sudamérica. La fresa comercialmente producida es ampliamente cultivada y posiblemente escapa ocasionalmente en Mesoamérica. Es un híbrido entre la especie sudamericana Fragaria chiloensis y la especie norteamericana F. virginiana Mill. desarrollada en Europa en el siglo XVIII (Staudt, 1999). Bibliografía: Staudt, G. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 81: 1-162 (1999). Herbs, perennial, acaulescent, 0.2–2.8 dm; short-rhizomatous, stoloniferous. Stems 1–10 (crowns), procumbent, ?sympodially branched, stolons not leafy, rooting and producing shoots at every 2d node?, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending hairy. Leaves deciduous, basal, alternate, ternate; stipules persistent, basally adnate to petiole, lanceolate, margins entire; petiole present; blade shallowly deltate to widely ovate or widely depressed ovate, 1–6 cm, thin to thick, sometimes leathery, leaflets 3, usually ovate to obovate, sometimes rhombic to roundish, margins flat, serrate to crenate, venation pinnate, abaxial surface sericeous (at least along veins), adaxial mostly glabrate. Inflorescences axillary ?from leaf rosette?, 1–10-flowered, cymes, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending-hairy; bracts usually present; bracteoles present, caducous. Pedicels present. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants synoecious, gynodioecious, dioecious, or trioecious), 12–29.8 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium saucer-shaped, 9.5–27.8 mm diam., hairy; sepals 5, spreading, broadly lanceolate; petals 5[–9], usually white, rarely pink, orbiculate to ovate or obovate, ?base clawed?; ?sterile staminodia in pistillate flowers?; stamens 15 in 3 whorls, shorter than petals, ?anther thecae 2?; torus globose to conic; carpels 30–150, glabrous, styles basal; ovule 1. Fruits accessory; aggregated achenes, 30 (or less)–150, ?borne on enlarged torus, superficial or embedded in torus flesh?, ovate or ± ovoid, 1–2 mm, glabrous; ?torus usually red, wine red, or carmine, rarely white, globose or subglobose to oblong, conic, or oblate, 9–24(–37) mm, fleshy, apex sometimes pointed?; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, spreading, reflexed, or clasping tori; styles deciduous. x = 7. Herbs perennial, mostly stoloniferous, polygamo-dioecious, usually spreading or appressed hairy. Stolons often rooting at nodes and forming plantlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules adnate to base of petiole, often membranous, sheathing; leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate. Inflorescence erect, cymose or corymbiform, few flowered, rarely a solitary flower. Hypanthium obconic or turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with and smaller than sepals, margin entire. Petals 5, white, rarely yellow, broadly obovate or suborbicular. Stamens numerous; anther 2-loculed. Carpels numerous, free, borne on convex receptacle; ovule ascending from middle of locule; style adaxial, short, persistent. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle, berry-like, long conic to globose, fleshy. Achenes numerous, seated in pits on surface of aggregate fruit, minute, brittle. Seed testa membranous; cotyledons convex. x = 7. Hypanthium saucer-shaped; sep 5, alternating with foliaceous bracts of nearly equal size; pet 5, white, obovate to subrotund; stamens numerous; with short filaments; pistils numerous, inserted on a prolongation of the receptacle; style slender, lateral; fr of numerous achenes on a greatly enlarged, juicy, edible red receptacle, subtended by the persistent calyx and bracts; perennial herbs, usually spreading freely by runners, with basal, 3-foliolate, serrate lvs and scape-like peduncles bearing few to several fls. 30, N. Temp., S. Amer. Petals and epicalyx present Fruit consisting of many, small 1-seeded achenes covering the accrescent, juicy, succulent receptacle. Perennial stoloniferous herbs Leaves trifoliolate, densely clustered from a basal rosette Flowers pentamerous, protogynous SELECTED REFERENCE Staudt, G. 1999. Systematics and geographic distribution of the American strawberry species. Taxonomic studies in the genus Fragaria (Rosaceae: Potentilleae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 81. SELECTED REFERENCE Staudt, G. 1999. Systematics and geographic distribution of the American strawberry species. Taxonomic studies in the genus Fragaria (Rosaceae: Potentilleae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 81. Herbs, perennial, acaulescent, 0.2–2.8 dm; short-rhizomatous, stoloniferous. Stems 1–10 (crowns), procumbent, ?sympodially branched, stolons not leafy, rooting and producing shoots at every 2d node?, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending hairy. Leaves deciduous, basal, alternate, ternate; stipules persistent, basally adnate to petiole, lanceolate, margins entire; petiole present; blade shallowly deltate to widely ovate or widely depressed ovate, 1–6 cm, thin to thick, sometimes leathery, leaflets 3, usually ovate to obovate, sometimes rhombic to roundish, margins flat, serrate to crenate, venation pinnate, abaxial surface sericeous (at least along veins), adaxial mostly glabrate. Inflorescences axillary ?from leaf rosette?, 1–10-flowered, cymes, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending-hairy; bracts usually present; bracteoles present, caducous. Pedicels present. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants synoecious, gynodioecious, dioecious, or trioecious), 12–29.8 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium saucer-shaped, 9.5–27.8 mm diam., hairy; sepals 5, spreading, broadly lanceolate; petals 5[–9], usually white, rarely pink, orbiculate to ovate or obovate, ?base clawed?; ?sterile staminodia in pistillate flowers?; stamens 15 in 3 whorls, shorter than petals, ?anther thecae 2?; torus globose to conic; carpels 30–150, glabrous, styles basal; ovule 1. Fruits accessory; aggregated achenes, 30 (or less)–150, ?borne on enlarged torus, superficial or embedded in torus flesh?, ovate or ± ovoid, 1–2 mm, glabrous; ?torus usually red, wine red, or carmine, rarely white, globose or subglobose to oblong, conic, or oblate, 9–24(–37) mm, fleshy, apex sometimes pointed?; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, spreading, reflexed, or clasping tori; styles deciduous. x = 7. Hypanthium saucer-shaped; sep 5, alternating with foliaceous bracts of nearly equal size; pet 5, white, obovate to subrotund; stamens numerous; with short filaments; pistils numerous, inserted on a prolongation of the receptacle; style slender, lateral; fr of numerous achenes on a greatly enlarged, juicy, edible red receptacle, subtended by the persistent calyx and bracts; perennial herbs, usually spreading freely by runners, with basal, 3-foliolate, serrate lvs and scape-like peduncles bearing few to several fls. 30, N. Temp., S. Amer. 6. Fragaria L. Por F.R. Barrie. Hierbas perennes, rizomatosas y frecuentemente estoloníferas. Hojas basales, 3-foliadas, estípulas adnatas a los pecíolos. Inflorescencias terminales sobre tallos afilos, cimosas. Flores bisexuales o unisexuales y plantas dioicas o poligamodioicas; hipanto obcónico a pateliforme; bractéolas 5; sépalos 5(-9 F. × ananassa); pétalos 5(-9 F. × ananassa); estambres 20 o más; receptáculo cónico o globoso; ovario súpero; carpelos numerosos, libres; estilo lateral o sub-basal. Frutos formados por numerosos aquenios sobre el receptáculo carnoso agrandado o embebidos en este. Aprox. 10 spp. Eurasia templada y Norteamérica, 1 sp. (Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.) en Sudamérica. La fresa comercialmente producida es ampliamente cultivada y posiblemente escapa ocasionalmente en Mesoamérica. Es un híbrido entre la especie sudamericana Fragaria chiloensis y la especie norteamericana F. virginiana Mill. desarrollada en Europa en el siglo XVIII (Staudt, 1999). Bibliografía: Staudt, G. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 81: 1-162 (1999). Herbs perennial, mostly stoloniferous, polygamo-dioecious, usually spreading or appressed hairy. Stolons often rooting at nodes and forming plantlets. Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules adnate to base of petiole, often membranous, sheathing; leaf blade 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate. Inflorescence erect, cymose or corymbiform, few flowered, rarely a solitary flower. Hypanthium obconic or turbinate. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with and smaller than sepals, margin entire. Petals 5, white, rarely yellow, broadly obovate or suborbicular. Stamens numerous; anther 2-loculed. Carpels numerous, free, borne on convex receptacle; ovule ascending from middle of locule; style adaxial, short, persistent. Aggregate fruit formed from enlarged receptacle, berry-like, long conic to globose, fleshy. Achenes numerous, seated in pits on surface of aggregate fruit, minute, brittle. Seed testa membranous; cotyledons convex. x = 7. Petals and epicalyx present Fruit consisting of many, small 1-seeded achenes covering the accrescent, juicy, succulent receptacle. Perennial stoloniferous herbs Leaves trifoliolate, densely clustered from a basal rosette Flowers pentamerous, protogynous Fruit consisting of many, small 1-seeded achenes covering the accrescent, juicy, succulent receptacle. Perennial stoloniferous herbs Leaves trifoliolate, densely clustered from a basal rosette Flowers pentamerous, protogynousGeneral Information
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Morphology
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Literature
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Flora of North America @ efloras.org
LiteratureManual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern US and Canada
General InformationFlora Mesoamericana
General InformationFlora of China @ efloras.org
General InformationPlants Of the World Online Portal - FTEA
Morphology
Name | Language | Country | |
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Strawberry, fraisier [Latin fraga, fragrance, and aria, possession, alluding to sweet-smelling strawberry fruit] |
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