Original Word: ὁ, ἡ, τό
Part of Speech: Definite Article
Transliteration: ho, hé, to
Phonetic Spelling: (ho)
Definition: the
Usage: the, the definite article.Word Origin
the def. art.
Definition
the
NASB Translation
about (2), all (5), case* (3), cause* (1), circumstances* (3), companions* (8), condition* (1), experiences (2), far (1), followers* (1), former* (1), meat (1), one (6), one who (1), one* (1), others (4), others* (1), outsiders* (3), people (1), sight (1), some (7), some* (5), suitable (1), these (4), things (1), this (31), those (406), those who (17), together* (8), under* (1), welfare (1), what (47), what had happened (1), what* (1), which (14), who (52), whoever (8), whom (4).

STRONGS NT 3588: ὁ

ὁ, ἡ, τό, originally τος, τたうῇ, τό (as is evident from the forms τたうοおみくろんιいおた, τたうαあるふぁιいおた for οおみくろんἱ, αあるふぁἱ in Homer and the Ionic writings), corresponds to our definite article the (German der, die, das), which is properly a demonstrative pronoun, which we see in its full force in Homer, and of which we find certain indubitable traces also in all kinds of Greek prose, and hence also in the N. T.

I. As a demonstrative pronoun; Latinhic, hacc, hoc; German der, die, das, emphatic; cf. Winers Grammar, § 17, 1; Buttmann, 101f (89f);

1. in the words of the poet Aratus, τたうοおみくろんῦ γάρ καί γένος ἐσしぐまμみゅーεいぷしろんνにゅー, quoted by Paul in Acts 17:28.

2. in prose, where it makes a partition or distributes into parts: ὁ μέν ... ὁ δέ, that ... this, the one ... the other: Matthew 13:23 R G Tr (here the division is threefold); Galatians 4:23 (here L WH Tr marginal reading brackets μέν); οおみくろんἱ μέν ... οおみくろんἱ δέ, Acts 28:24; Philippians 1:16f; οおみくろんἱ μέν ... ὁ δέ, Hebrews 7:5f, 20 (21), 23f; τούς μέν ... τούς δέ, Mark 12:5 R G; Ephesians 4:11; οおみくろんἱ μέν ... ἄλλοι δέ (Lclnn. οおみくろんἱ δέ) ... ἕτεροι δέ, Matthew 16:14 cf. John 7:12; τινες followed by οおみくろんἱ δέ, Acts 17:18; ὅς (see ὅς I.) μέν followed by ὁ δέ, Romans 14:2; οおみくろんἱ δέ stands as though οおみくろんἱ μέν had preceded, Matthew 26:67; Matthew 28:17.

3. in narration, when either two persons or two parties are alternately placed in opposition to each other and the discourse turns from one to the other; ὁ δέ, but he, and he (German er aber): Matthew 2:14; Matthew 4:4; Matthew 21:29; Mark 1:45; Mark 12:15; Luke 8:21, 30, 48; Luke 22:10, 34; John 9:38, and very often; plural, Matthew 2:5, 9; Matthew 4:20; Mark 12:14 (R G L marginal reading), 16 (L brackets οおみくろんἱ δέ); Luke 7:4; Luke 20:5, 12; Luke 22:9, 38, 71; Acts 4:21; Acts 12:15, and often; οおみくろんἱ μέν οおみくろんὖνにゅー, in the Acts alone: Acts 1:6; Acts 5:41; Acts 15:3, 30; ὁ μέν οおみくろんὖνにゅー, .

II. As the definite or prepositive article (to be distinguished from the postpositive article — as it is called when it has the force of a relative pronoun, like the German der, die, das, examples of which use are not found in the N. T.), whose use in the N. T. is explained at length by Winers Grammar, §§ 18-20; Buttmann, 85 (74ff); (Green, p. 5ff). As in all languages the article serves to distinguish things, persons, notions, more exactly, it is prefixed

1. to substantives that have no modifier; and a. those that designate a person or a thing that is the only one of its kind; the article thus distinguishes the same from all other persons or things, as ὁ ἥλιος, ὁ οおみくろんὐρανός, ἡ γがんまῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ Θεός, ὁ λόγος (John 1:1f), ὁ διάβολος, τό φふぁいῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος, etc.

b. appellative names of persons and things definite enough in themselves, or made so by the context, or sufficiently well-known from history; thus, to the names of virtues and vices, as ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία, ἡ δύναμις, ἡ ἀλήθεια, etc. ὁ ἐρχόμενος, the well-known personage who is to come, i. e. the Messiah, Matthew 11:3; Luke 7:19; ὁ προφήτης, the (promised and expected) prophet, John 1:21; John 7:40; ἡ σωτηρία, the salvation which all good men hope for, i. e. the Messianic salvation: ἡ γραφή, etc.; ἡ νεφέλη, the cloud (well known from the O. T.), 1 Corinthians 10:1f; τούς ἀγγέλους, James 2:25; τたうῷ ἐκτρώματι, 1 Corinthians 15:8. to designations of eminent personages: ὁ υうぷしろんἱός τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, ὁ υうぷしろんἱός τたうοおみくろんῦ ἀνθρώπου (see υうぷしろんἱός); ὁ διδάσκαλος τたうοおみくろんῦ Ἰσραήλ, John 3:10; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 613. The article is applied to the repeated name of a person or thing already mentioned or indicated, and to which the reader is referred, as τούς μάγους, Matthew 2:7 cf. 1; οおみくろんἱ ἀσκοί, Matthew 9:17: οおみくろんἱ δαίμονες, Matthew 8:31 cf. Matthew 8:28; τήν ὄνにゅーοおみくろんνにゅー καί τόν πぱいῶλらむだοおみくろんνにゅー, Matthew 21:7, cf. Matthew 21:2, and countless other examples The article is used with names of things not yet spoken of, in order to show that definite things are referred to, to be distinguished from others of the same kind and easily to be known from the context; as τά βρέφη, the babes belonging to the people of that place, Luke 18:15; ἀπό τたうῶνにゅー δένδρων, namely, which were there, Matthew 21:8; τたうῷ ἱερεῖ, to the priest whose duty it will be to examine thee, when thou comest, Matthew 8:4; Mark 1:44; Luke 5:14; τό πぱいλらむだοおみくろんῖοおみくろんνにゅー, the ship which stood ready to carry them over, Matthew 8:23 (R G T, cf. Matthew 8:18); (R G); (R G); τό ὄρος, the mountain near the place in question (der an Ort u. Stelle befindliche Berg) (But some commentators still regard τό ὄρος as used here generically or Hebraistically like ἡ ὀρεινῇ, the mountain region or the highlands, in contrast with the low country (cf. the Sept. Joshua 17:16; Joshua 20:7; Genesis 19:17, 19, etc.); cf. Lightfoot 'Fresh Revision' etc., p. 111f; Weiss, Matthäusevangelium, p. 129 note; and in Meyer's Matthew 7te Aufl.), Matthew 5:1; Mark 3:13; Luke 9:28; John 6:3, 15 (1 Macc. 9:38, 40); ἡ οおみくろんἰκία, the house in which (Jesus) was wont to lodge, Matthew 9:10, 28; Matthew 13:36; Matthew 17:25; ὑπό τόν μόδιον, namely, that is in the house, Matthew 5:15; also ἐπί τήν λυχνίαν, ibid.; ἐνにゅー τたうῇ φάτνη, in the manger of the stable of the house where they were lodging, Luke 2:7 R G; ὁ ἔπαινος, the praise of which he is worthy, 1 Corinthians 4:5; so everywhere in the doxologies: ἡ δόξα τό κράτος, 1 Peter 4:11; Revelation 5:13, etc.

c. The article prefixed to the plural often either includes all and every one of those who by the given name are distinguished from other things having a different name — as οおみくろんἱ ἀστέρες, Matthew 24:29; Mark 13:25; αあるふぁἱ ἀλωτεκες, Matthew 8:20; Luke 9:58, etc.; — or defines the class alone, and thus indicates that the whole class is represented by the individuals mentioned, however many and whosoever they may be; as in οおみくろんἱ Φαρισαῖοおみくろんιいおた, οおみくろんἱ γραμματεῖς, οおみくろんἱ τたうεいぷしろんλらむだῶνにゅーαあるふぁιいおた, οおみくろんἱ ἄνθρωποι people, the multitude (German die Leute); οおみくろんἱ ἀετοί, Matthew 24:28; τたうοおみくろんῖς κυσίν, Matthew 7:6.

d. The article prefixed to the singular sometimes so defines only the class, that all and every one of those who bear the name are brought to mind; thus, ὁ ἄνθρωπος, Matthew 15:11; ὁ ἐθνικός καί τελώνης, Matthew 18:17; ὁ ἐργάτης, Luke 10:7; 1 Timothy 5:18; ὁ μεσίτης, Galatians 3:20; ὁ κληρονόμος, Galatians 4:1; ὁ δίκαιος, Romans 1:17; Hebrews 10:38; τά σしぐまηいーたμみゅーεいぷしろんῖαあるふぁ τたうοおみくろんῦ ἀποστόλου, the signs required of anyone who claims to be an apostle, 2 Corinthians 12:12, and ether examples e. The article is prefixed to the nominative often put for the vocative in addresses (cf. Winers Grammar, § 29, 2; Buttmann, § 129 a. 5): χかいαあるふぁῖρろーεいぷしろん ὁ βασιλεύς τたうῶνにゅー Ἰουδαίων (properly, σύ ὁ βασιλεύς, thou who art the king), John 19:3; ναί, ὁ πατήρ, Matthew 11:26; ἄγがんまεいぷしろん νにゅーῦνにゅー οおみくろんἱ πλούσιοι, κλαύσατε, James 5:1; οおみくろんὐρανέ καί οおみくろんἱ ἅγιοι, Revelation 18:20; add, Mark 5:41; Mark 10:47; Luke 12:32; Luke 18:11, 13; John 8:10; John 20:28; Acts 13:41; Romans 8:15; Ephesians 5:14, 22, 25; Ephesians 6:1, 4; Revelation 12:12.

f. The Greeks employ the article, where we abstain from its use, before nouns denoting things that pertain to him who is the subject of discourse: εいぷしろんἶπぱいεいぷしろん or φησί μεγάλη τたうῇ φωνή, Acts 14:10 (R G); (Proverbs 26:25); γυνή προσευχομένη ... ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τたうῇ κεφαλή, 1 Corinthians 11:5; especially in the expression ἔχかいεいぷしろんιいおたνにゅー τί, when the object and its adjective, or what is equivalent to an adjective, denotes a part of the body or something else which naturally belongs to anyone (as in French,il a les epaules larges); so, ἐήξειν τήν χかいεいぷしろんῖρろーαあるふぁ ξηράν, Matthew 12:10 R G; Mark 3:1; τό πρόσωπον ὡς ἀνθρώπου ((Rec. ἄνθρωπος)), Revelation 4:7; τά αあるふぁἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα, Hebrews 5:14; ἀπαράβατον τήν ἱερωσύνην, Hebrews 7:24; τήν κατοίκησιν κかっぱτたうλらむだ., Mark 5:3; τήν εいぷしろんἰς ἑαυτούς ἀγάπην ἐκτενῆ, 1 Peter 4:8. Cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. 3:25. the genitive of a person pronoun αあるふぁὐτたうοおみくろんῦ, ὑμみゅーῶνにゅー, is added to the substantive: Matthew 3:4; Mark 8:17; Revelation 2:18; 1 Peter 2:12, cf. Ephesians 1:18; cf. Winers Grammar, § 18, 2; (Buttmann, § 125,5).

g. Proper Names sometimes have the article and sometimes are anarthrous; cf. Winers Grammar, § 18, 5 and 6; Buttmann, § 124, 3 and 4; (Green, p. 28f); αあるふぁ. as respects names of Persons, the person without the article is simply named, but with the article is marked as either well known or as already mentioned; thus we find Ἰησοῦς and ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Πぱいαあるふぁῦλος and ὁ Πぱいαあるふぁῦλος, etc. Πぱいιいおたλらむだᾶτος has the article everywhere in John's Gospel and also in Mark's Gospel, if Mark 15:43 (in R G L) be excepted (but T Tr WH insert the article there also); Τίτος is everywhere anarthrous. Indeclinable names of persons in the oblique cases almost always have the article, unless the case is made evident by a preposition: τたうῷ Ἰωσήφ, Mark 15:45; τόν Ἰακώβ καί τόν Ἠσしぐまαあるふぁῦ, Hebrews 11:20, and many other examples, especially in the genealogies, Matthew 1:1ff; Luke 3:23; but where perspicuity does not require the article, it is omitted also in the oblique cases, as τたうῶνにゅー υうぷしろんἱῶνにゅー Ἰωσήφ, Hebrews 11:21; τたうῶνにゅー υうぷしろんἱῶνにゅー Αあるふぁμみゅーμみゅーωおめがρろー, Acts 7:16; ὁ Θεός Ἰσαάκ, Matthew 22:32; Acts 7:32; ὅτたうαあるふぁνにゅー ὄψησθε Ἀβραάμ καί Ἰσαάκ ... καί πάντας τούς προφήτας, Luke 13:28. The article is commonly omitted with personal proper names to which is added an apposition indicating the race, country, office, rank, surname, or something else, (cf. Matthiae, § 274): let the following suffice as examples: Ἀβραάμ ὁ πατήρ ἡμみゅーῶνにゅー, John 8:56; Romans 4:1; Ἰάκωβον τόν τたうοおみくろんῦ Ζεβεδαίου καί Ἰωάννην τόν ἀδελφόν αあるふぁὐτたうοおみくろんῦ, Matthew 4:21; Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή, Matthew 27:56, etc.; Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής, Matthew 3:1; ἡροδης ὁ τετράρχης, Luke 9:7; Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός, Matthew 1:16; Σしぐまαあるふぁῦλος δέ ὁ καί Πぱいαあるふぁῦλος namely, καλούμενος, Acts 13:9; Σίμωνος τたうοおみくろんῦ λεπροῦ, Mark 14:3; Βαρτιμαῖος ὁ τυφλός, Mark 10:46 (R G); Ζαχαριου τたうοおみくろんῦ ἀπολομένου, Luke 11:51. But there are exceptions also to this usage ὁ δέ ἡροδης ὁ τετράρχης, Luke 3:19; τόν Σαούλ, υうぷしろんἱόν Κίς, Acts 13:21; in the opening of the Epistles: Πぱいαあるふぁῦλος ἀπόστολος, Romans 1:1; 1 Corinthians 1:1, etc. βべーた. Proper names of countries and region s have the article far more frequently than those of cities and towns, for the reason that most names of countries, being derived from adjectives, get the force of substantives only by the addition of the article, as ἡ Ἀχαΐα (but cf. 2 Corinthians 9:2), ἡ Γαλατία, ἡ Γαλιλαία, ἡ Ἰταλία, ἡ Ἰουδαία, ἡ Μακεδονία (but cf. Romans 15:26; 1 Corinthians 16:5), etc. Only Αあるふぁἴγυπτος, if Acts 7:11 L T Tr WH be excepted, is everywhere anarthrous. The names of cities, especially when joined to prepositions, particularly ἐνにゅー, εいぷしろんἰς and ἐκかっぱ, are without the article; but we find ἀπό (R G ἐκかっぱ) τたうῆς Ῥώμης in Acts 18:2. γがんま. Names of rivers and streams have the article in Matthew 3:13; Mark 1:5; Luke 4:1; Luke 13:4; John 1:28; τたうοおみくろんῦ Κεδρών, John 18:1 G L Tr marginal reading

2. The article is prefixed to substantives expanded and more precisely defined by modifiers;

a. to nouns accompanied by a genitive of the pronouns μみゅーοおみくろんυうぷしろん, σしぐまοおみくろんυうぷしろん, ἡμみゅーῶνにゅー, ὑμみゅーῶνにゅー, αあるふぁὐτたうοおみくろんῦ, ἑαυτῶνにゅー, αあるふぁὐτたうῶνにゅー: Matthew 1:21, 25; Matthew 5:45; Matthew 6:10-12; Matthew 12:49; Mark 9:17; Luke 6:27; Luke 10:7; Luke 16:6; Acts 19:25 (L T Tr WH ἡμみゅーῖνにゅー); Romans 4:19; Romans 6:6, and in numberless other places; it is rarely omitted, as in Matthew 19:28; Luke 1:72; Luke 2:32; 2 Corinthians 8:23; James 5:20, etc.; cf. Buttmann, § 127, 27.

b. The possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος, joined to substantives (if John 4:34 be excepted) always take the article, and John generally puts them after the substantive (ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή, John 5:30; ὁ λόγος ὁ σός, ; κοινωνία ἡ ἡμετέρα, 1 John 1:3; ὁ καιρός ὁ ὑμέτερος, John 7:6), very rarely between the article and the substantive (τたうοおみくろんῖς ἐμみゅーοおみくろんῖς ῤήμασιν, John 5:47; ἡ ἐμή διδαχή, ; τήν σήν λαλιάν, ), yet this is always done by the other N. T. writings, Matthew 18:20; Mark 8:38; Luke 9:26; Acts 24:6 (Rec.); ; Romans 3:7, etc.

c. When adjectives are added to substantives, either the adjective is placed between the article and the substantive — as τό ἴδでるたιいおたοおみくろんνにゅー φορτίον, Galatians 6:5; ὁ ἀγαθός ἄνθρωπος, Matthew 12:35; τήν δικαίαν κρίσιν, John 7:24; ἡ ἀγαθή μερίς, Luke 10:42; τό ἅγがんまιいおたοおみくろんνにゅー πぱいνにゅーεいぷしろんῦμみゅーαあるふぁ, Luke 12:10; Acts 1:8; ἡ αあるふぁἰώνιος ζωή, John 17:3, and many other examples; — or the adjective preceded by an article is placed after the substantive with its article, as τό πぱいνにゅーεいぷしろんῦμみゅーαあるふぁ τό ἅγがんまιいおたοおみくろんνにゅー, Mark 3:29; John 14:26; Acts 1:16; Hebrews 3:7; Hebrews 9:8; Hebrews 10:15; ἡ ζωή αあるふぁἰώνιος, 1 John 1:2; 1 John 2:25; ὁ ποιμήν ὁ καλός, John 10:11; τήν πύλην τήν σιδηρᾶνにゅー, Acts 12:10, and other examples; — very rarely the adjective stands before a substantive which has the article, as in Acts ( R G); ; 1 Corinthians 11:5 (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 5; Winer's Grammar, § 20, 1 c.). As to the adjectives of quantity, ὅλος, πぱいᾶς, πολύς, see each in its own place.

d. What has been said concerning adjectives holds true also of all other limitations added to substantives, as ἡ κかっぱαあるふぁτたう' ἐκλογήν πρόθεσις, Romans 9:11; πぱいαあるふぁῥ ἐμみゅーοおみくろんῦ διαθήκη, Romans 11:27; ὁ λόγος ὁ τたうοおみくろんῦ σταυροῦ, 1 Corinthians 1:18; ἡ εいぷしろんἰς Χριστόν πίστις, Colossians 2:5; on the other hand, ἡ πίστις ὑμみゅーῶνにゅー ἡ πρός τόν Θεόν, 1 Thessalonians 1:8; τたうῆς διακονίας τたうῆς εいぷしろんἰς τούς ἁγίους, 2 Corinthians 8:4; see many other examples of each usage in Winers Grammar, 131ff (124ff); (Buttmann, 91ff (80ff)).

e. The noun has the article before it when a demonstrative pronoun (οおみくろんὗτος, ἐκかっぱεいぷしろんῖνος) belonging to it either precedes or follows (Winers Grammar, § 18, 4; Buttmann, § 127, 29-31); as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οおみくろんὗτος, John 9:24 (οおみくろんὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, L Tr marginal reading WH); Acts 6:13; Acts 22:26; ὁ λαός οおみくろんὗτος, Matthew 15:8; ὁ υうぷしろんἱός σしぐまοおみくろんυうぷしろん οおみくろんὗτος, Luke 15:30; plural Luke 24:17, and numberless other examples; οおみくろんὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος, Luke 14:30; οおみくろんὗτος ὁ λαός, Mark 7:6 (ὁ λαός οおみくろんὗτος, L WH marginal reading); οおみくろんὗτος ὁ υうぷしろんἱός μみゅーοおみくろんυうぷしろん, Luke 15:24; οおみくろんὗτος ὁ τελώνης, Luke 18:11 (ὁ τελώνης οおみくろんὗτος, L marginal reading); οおみくろんὗτος ὁ λόγος, John 7:36 (ὁ λόγος οおみくろんὗτος, L T Tr WH), and many other examples on ἐκかっぱεいぷしろんῖνος, see ἐκかっぱεいぷしろんῖνος, 2; on αあるふぁὐτός ὁ etc., see αあるふぁὐτός (I. 1 b. etc.); on ὁ αあるふぁὐτός etc., see αあるふぁὐτός, III.

3. The neuter article prefixed to adjectives changes them into substantives (cf. Winers Grammar, § 34, 2; Buttmann, § 128, 1); as, τό ἀγαθόν, τό καλόν (which see each in its place); τό ἔλαττον, Hebrews 7:7; with a genitive added, τό γνωστόν τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, Romans 1:19; τό ἀδύνατον τたうοおみくろんῦ νόμου, Romans 8:3; τό ἀσθενές τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, 1 Corinthians 1:25; αあるふぁὐτたうῆς, Hebrews 7:18; τά ἀόρατα τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, Romans 1:20; τά κρυπτά τたうῆς αあるふぁἰσχύνης, 2 Corinthians 4:2, etc.

4. The article with cardinal numerals: εいぷしろんἷς one; ὁ εいぷしろんἷς the one (of two), see εいぷしろんἷς, 4 a.; but differently ὁ εいぷしろんἷς in Romans 5:15, 17, the (that) one. So also οおみくろんἱ δύο (our the twain), Matthew 19:5; οおみくろんἱ δέκα the (those) ten, and οおみくろんἱ ἐννέα, Luke 17:17; ἐκかっぱεいぷしろんῖνにゅーοおみくろんιいおた οおみくろんἱ δέκα (καί) ὀκτώ, Luke 13:4.

5. The article prefixed to participles a. gives them the force of substantives (Winers Grammar, §§ 18, 3; 45, 7; Buttmann, §§ 129, 1 b.; 144, 9); as, ὁ πειράζων, Matthew 4:3; 1 Thessalonians 3:5; ὁ βαπτίζων, Mark 6:14 (for which Matthew 14:2 ὁ βαπτιστής); ὁ σπείρων, Matthew 13:3; Luke 8:5; ὁ ὀλοθρεύων, Hebrews 11:28; οおみくろんἱ βαστάζοντες, Luke 7:14; οおみくろんἱ βόσκοντες, Matthew 8:33; Mark 5:14; οおみくろんἱ ἐσθίοντες, the eaters (convivae), Matthew 14:21; τό ὀφειλόμενον, Matthew 18:30, 34; τά ὑπάρχοντα (see ὑπάρχω, 2).

b. the participle with the article must be resolved into he who (and a finite verb; cf. Buttmann, § 144, 9): Matthew 10:40; Luke 6:29; Luke 11:23; John 15:23; 2 Corinthians 1:21; Philippians 2:13, and very often. πぱいᾶς ὁ followed by a participle (Winer's Grammar, 111 (106)), Matthew 5:22; Matthew 7:26; Luke 6:30 (T WH omit; L Tr marginal reading brackets article); ; Romans 2:1; 1 Corinthians 16:16; Galatians 3:13, etc.; μακάριος ὁ with a participle, Matthew 5:4 (), , etc.; οおみくろんὐαί ὑμみゅーῖνにゅー οおみくろんἱ with a preposition, Luke 6:25; the neuter τό with a participle must be resolved into that which (with a finite verb), τό γεννώμενον, Luke 1:35; τό γεγεννημένον, John 3:6.

c. the article with participle is placed in apposition: Mark 3:22; Acts 17:24; Ephesians 3:20; Ephesians 4:22, 24; 2 Timothy 1:14; 1 Peter 1:21, etc.

6. The neuter τό before infinitives a. gives them the force of substantives (cf. Buttmann, 261ff (225ff) (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 44, 2 a.; 3 c.)); as, τό καθίσαι, Matthew 20:23; Mark 10:40; τό θέλειν, Romans 7:18; 2 Corinthians 8:10; τό πぱいοおみくろんιいおたῆσしぐまαあるふぁιいおた, τό ἐπιτελέσαι, 2 Corinthians 8:11, and other examples; τたうοおみくろんῦτたうοおみくろん κρίνατε. τό μή τιθέναι κかっぱτたうλらむだ., Romans 14:13. On the infinite with the article depending on a preposition (ἀντί τたうοおみくろんῦ, ἐνにゅー τたうῷ, εいぷしろんἰς τό, etc.), see under each preposition in its place.

b. Much more frequent in the N. T. than in the earlier and more elegant Greek writings, especially in the writings of Luke and Paul (nowhere in John's Gospel and Epistles), is the use of the genitive τたうοおみくろんῦ with an infinitive (and in the Sept. far more frequent than in the N. T.), which is treated of at length by Fritzsche in an excursus at the end of his commentary on Matthew, p. 843ff; Winers Grammar, § 44, 4; Buttmann, 266ff (228ff). The examples fall under the following classes: τたうοおみくろんῦ with an infinitive is put αあるふぁ. after words which naturally require a genitive (of a noun also) after them; thus after ἄξくしーιいおたοおみくろんνにゅー, 1 Corinthians 16:4; ἔλαχε, Luke 1:9 (1 Samuel 14:47); ἐξαποροῦμみゅーαあるふぁιいおた, 2 Corinthians 1:8. βべーた. for the simple expletive (i. e. 'complementary') or (as it is commonly called) epexegetical infinite, which serves to fill out an incomplete idea expressed by a noun or a verb or a phrase (where in German zu is commonly used); thus after προθυμία, 2 Corinthians 8:11; βραδεῖς, Luke 24:25; ἐλπίς, Acts 27:20; 1 Corinthians 9:10 (not Rec.); ἐζήτει εいぷしろんὐκαιρίαν, Luke 22:6 (not L marginal reading); ὁ καιρός (namely, ἐσしぐまτたうιいおた) τたうοおみくろんῦ ἄρξασθαι, to begin, 1 Peter 4:17 (καιρόν χかいεいぷしろんιいおたνにゅー with the simple infinitive Hebrews 11:15); διδόναι τήν ἐξουσίαν, Luke 10:19 (ἐξουσίαν ἔχかいεいぷしろんιいおたνにゅー with simple infinitive, John 19:10; 1 Corinthians 9:4); ὀφειλέται ἐσしぐまμみゅーεいぷしろんνにゅー (equivalent to ὀφείλομεν), Romans 8:12 (with an infinitive alone, Galatians 5:3); ἕτοιμον εいぷしろんἶνにゅーαあるふぁιいおた, Acts 23:15 (1 Macc. 3:58 1 Macc. 5:39 1 Macc. 13:31; with an infinitive alone, Luke 22:33); χρείαν ἔχかいεいぷしろんιいおたνにゅー, Hebrews 5:12; ἔδωκεν ὀφθαλμούς τたうοおみくろんῦ μή βλέπειν καί ὦτたうαあるふぁ τたうοおみくろんῦ μή ἀκούειν, that they should not see ... that they should not hear (cf. Buttmann, 267 (230)), Romans 11:8 (χかいεいぷしろんιいおたνにゅー ὦτたうαあるふぁ elsewhere always with a simple infinitive; see οおみくろんὖς, 2); ἐπλήσθη ὁ χρόνος τたうοおみくろんῦ τたうεいぷしろんκかっぱεいぷしろんῖνにゅー αあるふぁὐτήν, at which she should be delivered (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited), Luke 1:57; ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ... τたうοおみくろんῦ περιτεμεῖνにゅー αあるふぁὐτόν, that they should circumcise him (cf. Buttmann, the passage cited), Luke 2:21; after ἀνένδεκτόν ἐσしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー, Luke 17:1 (so Buttmann, § 140, 15; (Winer's Grammar, 328 (308) otherwise)); quite unusually after ἐγένετο (cf. Buttmann, § 140, 16 δでるた.; Winer's Grammar, the passage cited), Acts 10:25 (Rec. omits the article). γがんま. after verbs of deciding, entreating, exhorting, commanding, etc.: after κρίνειν (see κρίνω, 4); ἐγένετο γνώμη (γνώμης T Tr WH (see γίνομαι, 5 e. a.)), Acts 20:3; τό πρόσωπον ἐστήριξεν, Luke 9:51; συντίθεσθαι, Acts 23:20 (with an infinitive alone, Luke 22:5); προσεύχεσθαι, James 5:17; παρακαλεῖνにゅー, Acts 21:12; ἐντέλλεσθαι, Luke 4:10; ἐπιστέλλειν, Acts 15:20 (with an infinitive alone, Acts 21:25 (R G T, but L Tr text WH here ἐπεστείλαμεν; Buttmann, 270 (232))); κατανεύειν, Luke 5:7. δでるた. after verbs of hindering, restraining, removing (which naturally require the genitive), and according to the well-known pleonasm with μή before the infinitive (see μή, I. 4 a.; Buttmann, § 148, 13; Winer's Grammar, 325 (305)); thus, after κατέχω τたうιいおたνにゅーαあるふぁ, Luke 4:42; κρατοῦμみゅーαあるふぁιいおた, Luke 24:16; κωλύω, Acts 10:47; ὑποστέλλομαι, Acts 20:20, 27; παύω, 1 Peter 3:10; καταπαύω, Acts 14:18; without μή before the infinitive after ἐγκόπτομαι, Romans 15:22. εいぷしろん. τたうοおみくろんῦ with an infinitive is added as a somewhat loose epexegesis: Luke 21:22; Acts 9:15; Acts 13:47; Philippians 3:21; εいぷしろんἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τたうοおみくろんῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τά σώματα αあるふぁὐτたうῶνにゅー, to the uncleanness of their bodies being dishonored, Romans 1:24 (cf. Buttmann, § 140, 14); Winer's Grammar, 325f (305f). ζぜーた. it takes the place of an entire final clause, in order that (Winers Grammar, § 44, 4 b.; Buttmann, § 140, 17); especially after verbs implying motion: Matthew 2:13; Matthew 3:13; Matthew 13:3; Matthew 24:45; Mark 4:3 (where L T WH omit; Tr brackets τたうοおみくろんῦ); Luke 1:77, 79; Luke 2:24, 27; Luke 5:1 (R G L text Tr marginal reading); (here L omits; Tr brackets τたうοおみくろんῦ); ; Acts 3:2; Acts 20:30; Acts 26:18; Romans 6:6; Romans 11:10; Galatians 3:10; Philippians 3:10; Hebrews 10:7, 9; Hebrews 11:5. ἡ. used of result so that: Acts 7:19; Romans 7:3; after πぱいοおみくろんιいおたῶ, to cause that, make to, Acts 3:12; (cf. Winers Grammar, 326 (306); Buttmann, § 140, 16 δでるた.).

7. The article with adverbs (Buttmann, § 125, 10f; Winer's Grammar, § 18, 3), a. gives them the force of substantives; as, τό πέραν, the region beyond; τά ἄνにゅーωおめが, τά κάτω, τό νにゅーῦνにゅー, τά ἔμπροσθεν, τά ὀπίσω, etc.; see these words in their proper places.

b. is used when they stand adjectivally, as ἡ ἄνにゅーωおめが Ἱερουσαλήμ, ὁ τότε κόσμος, ὁ ἔσしぐまωおめが ἄνθρωπος, ὁ νにゅーῦνにゅー αあるふぁἰών, etc., on which see these several words.

c. the neuter τό is used in the accusative absolute, especially in specifications of time: both with adverbs of time, τό πάλιν, 2 Corinthians 13:2; τά νにゅーῦνにゅー or τたうαあるふぁνにゅーῦνにゅー, and with neuter adjectives used adverbially, as τό λοιπόν, τό πρότερον (John 6:62; Galatians 4:13); τό πぱいρろーῶτたうοおみくろんνにゅー (John 10:40; John 12:16; John 19:39); τό πぱいλらむだεいぷしろんῖσしぐまτたうοおみくろんνにゅー (1 Corinthians 14:2;); see these words themselves.

8. The article before prepositions with their cases is very often so used that ὤνにゅー, ὄντες, ὄνにゅーτたうαあるふぁ, must be supplied in thought (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 9; Winer's Grammar, § 18, 3); thus, οおみくろんἱ ἀπό Ἰταλίας, ἀπό Θεσσαλονίκης, Acts 17:13; Hebrews 13:24 (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 66, 6); ὁ ἐνにゅー τίνι, Matthew 6:9; Romans 8:1; neuter τά πρός, Mark 2:2; οおみくろんἱ ἐκかっぱ τίνος, Romans 2:8; Romans 4:14, 16; Philippians 4:22 etc.; οおみくろんἱ παρά τίνος, Mark 3:21 (see παρά, I. e.). τά περί τίνος, Luke 24:19; Acts 24:10; Philippians 1:27; (add, τά (T Tr WH τό) περί ἐμみゅーοおみくろんῦ, Luke 22:37), etc. (see περί, I.

b. βべーた.); τά περί τたうιいおたνにゅーαあるふぁ, Philippians 2:23 (see περί, II. b.); οおみくろんἱ μετά τίνος, those with one, his companions, Matthew 12:3; οおみくろんἱ περί τたうιいおたνにゅーαあるふぁ, and many other examples which are given under the several prepositions. the neuter τό in the accusative absolute in adverbial expressions (cf. Winers Grammar, 230 (216); Buttmann, §§ 125, 12; 131, 9): τό κかっぱαあるふぁθしーた' ἡμέραν, daily, day by day, Luke 11:3; Luke 19:47; Acts 17:11 (R G WH brackets); τό καθόλου, at all, Acts 4:18 (L T WH omit τό); besides, in τό κατά σάρκα, as respects human origin, Romans 9:5 (on the force of the article here see Abbot in the Journal of the Society for Biblical Literature, etc. for 1883, p. 108); τά κかっぱαあるふぁτたう' ἐμέ, as respects what relates to me, my state, my affairs, Colossians 4:7; Ephesians 6:21; τό ἐξくしー ὑμみゅーῶνにゅー, as far as depends on you, Romans 12:18; τό ἐφふぁい' ὑμみゅーῖνにゅー, as far as respects you, if I regard you, Romans 16:19 R G; τά πρός (τόν) Θεόν, the accusative absolute, as respects the things pertaining to God, i. e. in things pertaining to God, Romans 15:17; Hebrews 2:17; Hebrews 5:1 (ἱερεῖ τά πρός τούς Θεούς, στρατήγω δέ τά πρός τούς ἀνθρώπους, Xenophon, resp. Laced. 13, 11; cf. Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, iii., p. 262f); τό ἐκかっぱ μέρους namely, ὄνにゅー, that which has been granted us in part, that which is imperfect, 1 Corinthians 13:10.

9. The article, in all genders, when placed before the genitive of substantives indicates "kinship, affinity, or some kind of connection, association or fellowship, or in general that which in some way pertains to a person or thing" (cf Winers Grammar, § 30, 3; Buttmann, § 125, 7);

a. the masculine and the feminine article: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τたうοおみくろんῦ Ζεβεδαίου, ὁ τたうοおみくろんῦ Ἀλφαίου, the son, Matthew 10:2 (3), 3; Μαρία ἡ τたうοおみくろんῦ Ἰακώβου, the mother, Mark 16:1 (T omits; Tr brackets τたうοおみくろんῦ); Luke 24:10 (L T Tr WH); Ἑμμόρ τたうοおみくろんῦ Συχέμ, of Hamor, the father of Shechem, Acts 7:16 R G; ἡ τたうοおみくろんῦ Ουριου, the wife, Matthew 1:6; οおみくろんἱ Χλόης, either the kinsfolk, or friends, or domestics, or work-people, or slaves, of Chloe, 1 Corinthians 1:11; also οおみくろんἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οおみくろんἱ Ναρκίσσου, Romans 16:10f; οおみくろんἱ τたうοおみくろんῦ Χριστοῦ, the followers of Christ (A. V. they that are Christ's), 1 Corinthians 15:23 G L T Tr WH; Galatians 5:24; οおみくろんἱ τたうῶνにゅー Φαρισαίων, the disciples of the Pharisees, Mark 2:18a Rec., 18b R G L; Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου, the city of Philip, Mark 8:27.

b. τό and τά τίνος: as τά τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, the cause or interests, the purposes, of God, opposed to τά τたうῶνにゅー ἀνθρώπων, Matthew 16:23; Mark 8:33; in the same sense τά τたうοおみくろんῦ κυρίου, opposed to τά τたうοおみくろんῦ κόσμου, 1 Corinthians 7:32-34; τά τたうῆς σαρκός, τά τたうοおみくろんῦ πνεύματος, Romans 8:5; τά ὑμみゅーῶνにゅー, your possessions, 2 Corinthians 12:14; ζぜーたηいーたτたうεいぷしろんῖνにゅー τό or τά τίνος, 1 Corinthians 10:24; 1 Corinthians 13:5; Philippians 2:21; τά τたうῆς εいぷしろんἰρήνης, τたうῆς οおみくろんἰκοδομῆς, which make for, Romans 14:19; τά τたうῆς ἀσθενείας μみゅーοおみくろんυうぷしろん, which pertain to my weakness, 2 Corinthians 11:30; τά Καίσαρος, τά τたうοおみくろんῦ Θしーたεいぷしろんοおみくろんῦ, due to Caesar, due to God, Matthew 22:21; Mark 12:17; Luke 20:25; τά τたうοおみくろんῦ νηπίου, the things wont to be thought, said, done, by a child, 1 Corinthians 13:11; τά τίνος, the house of one (τά Λυκωνος, Theocritus, 2, 76; (εいぷしろんἰς τά τたうοおみくろんῦ ἀδελφοῦ, Lysias c. Eratosthenes § 12, p. 195); cf. ἐνにゅー τたうοおみくろんῖς πατρικοῖς, in her father's house, Sir. 42:10; (Chrysostom hom. 52:(on Genesis 26:16), vol. iv. part ii. col. 458, Migne edition; Genesis 41:51; Esther 7:9, (Hebrew בַּיִת); Job 18:19 (Hebrew מָגוּר))); with the name of a deity, the temple (τά τたうοおみくろんῦ Διός, Josephus, contra Apion 1, 18, 2; also τό τたうοおみくろんῦ Διός, Lycurgus, adverb, Leocr., p. 231 ((orat. Attic, p. 167, 15))), Luke 2:49 (see other examples in Lob. ad Phryn., p. 100). τά τたうοおみくろんῦ νόμου, the precepts of the (Mosaic) law, Romans 2:14; τό τたうῆς παροιμίας, the (saying) of (that which is said in) the proverb, 2 Peter 2:22; τά τたうῶνにゅー δαιμονιζομένων, what the possessed had done and experienced, Matthew 8:33; τό τたうῆς σしぐまυうぷしろんκかっぱῆς, what has been done to the fig-tree, Matthew 21:21.

10. The neuter τό is put a. before entire sentences, and sums them up into one conception (Buttmann, § 125, 13; Winer's Grammar, 109 (103f)): εいぷしろんἶπぱいεいぷしろんνにゅー αあるふぁὐτたうῷ τό Αあるふぁἰ δύνασαι πιστεῦσしぐまαあるふぁιいおた, said to him this: 'If thou canst believe,' Mark 9:23 (but L T Tr WH τό Αあるふぁἰ δύνῃ 'If thou canst!'); cf. Bleek at the passage; (Riddell, The Apology etc. Digest of Idioms § 19 γがんま.). before the sayings and precepts of the O. T. quoted in the New: τό Οおみくろんὐ φονεύσεις, the precept, 'Thou shalt not kill', Matthew 19:18; add, Luke 22:37 (where Lachmann ὅτたうιいおた for τό); Romans 13:9; (1 Corinthians 4:6 L T Tr WH); Galatians 5:14. before indirect questions: τό τίς etc., τό τί etc., τό πぱいῶς etc., Luke 1:62; Luke 9:46; Luke 19:48; Luke 22:2, 4, 23; Acts 4:21; Acts 22:30; Romans 8:26; 1 Thessalonians 4:1; cf. Matthiae, § 280; Krüger, § 50, 6, 10; Passow, ii., p. 395b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, B. I. 3f).

b. before single words which are explained as parts of some discourse or statement (references as above): τό Αあるふぁγがんまαあるふぁρろー, the name Αあるふぁγがんまαあるふぁρろー, Galatians 4:25 (T L text WH marginal reading omit; Tr brackets Αあるふぁγがんまαあるふぁρろー); τό 'ἀνέβη', this word ἀνέβη, Ephesians 4:9 (cf. Lightfoot on Galatians, the passage cited); τό ἔτたうιいおた ἅπぱいαあるふぁξくしー, Hebrews 12:27; cf. Matthiae, 2, p. 731f, 11. We find the unusual expression οおみくろんὐαί (apparently because the interjection was to the writer a substitute for the term ἡ πληγή or ἡ θしーたλらむだῖψις (Winers Grammar, 179 (169))), misery, calamity (A. V. the Woe), in Revelation 9:12; Revelation 11:14.

III. Since it is the business, not of the lexicographer, but of the grammarian, to exhibit the instances in which the article is omitted in the N. T. where according to the laws of our language it would have been expected, we refer those interested in this matter to the Grammars of Winer (sec. 19) and Alex. Buttmann (sec. 124, 8) (cf. also Green, chapter ii. § iii.; Middleton, The Doctrine of the Greek Article (edited by Rose), pp. 41ff, 94f; and, particularly with reference to Granville Sharp's doctrine (Remarks on the uses of the Def. Art. in the Greek Text of the N. T., 3rd edition 1803), a tract by C. Winstanley (A Vindication etc.) republished at Cambr. 1819), and only add the following remarks:

1. More or less frequently the article is lacking before appellatives of persons or things of which only one of the kind exists, so that the article is not needed to distinguish the individual from others of the same kind, as ἥλιος, γがんまῆ, Θεός, Χριστός, πぱいνにゅーεいぷしろんῦμみゅーαあるふぁ ἅγがんまιいおたοおみくろんνにゅー, ζωή αあるふぁἰώνιος, θάνατος, νεκροί (of the whole assembly of the dead (see νεκρός, 1 b., p. 423b)); and also of those persons and things which the connection of discourse clearly shows to be well-defined, as νόμος (the Mosaic law (see νόμος, 2, p. 428a)), κύριος, πατήρ, υうぷしろんἱός, ἀνήρ (husband), γυνή (wife), etc.

2. Prepositions which with their cases designate a state and condition, or a place, or a mode of acting, usually have an anarthrous noun after them; as, εいぷしろんἰς φυλακήν, ἐνにゅー φυλακή, εいぷしろんἰς ἀέρα, ἐκかっぱ πίστεως, κατά σάρκα, ἐπぱい' ἐλπίδι, πぱいαあるふぁῥ ἐλπίδα, ἀπぱい' ἀγορᾶς, ἀπぱい' ἀγροῦ, ἄνにゅー ἀγがんまρろーῷ, εいぷしろんἰς ὁδόν, ἐνにゅー ἡμέραις Ἡρろーῴδでるたοおみくろんυうぷしろん, εいぷしろんἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως, and numberless other examples.

STRONGS NT 3588: ὅὅ, τέ, ἥ, τέ, τό, τέ, see τέ 2 a.

the, this, that, one, he, she, it

Including the feminine he (hay), and the neuter to (to) in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom) -- the, this, that, one, he, she, it, etc.

αあるふぁιいおた αί αあるふぁἱ αあるふぁἵ αυτά αυτοίς αυτού αあるふぁὐτたうοおみくろんῦ αυτών γがんまῇ Ηいーた ἡ ἥ κかっぱαあるふぁιいおた μみゅーοおみくろんυうぷしろん νにゅー Οおみくろん ὁ ὅ Ὃ οβελίσκοι οβολοί οβολός οβολώ οδόντες οおみくろんιいおた οおみくろんἱ οおみくろんἵ ὃνにゅー ος οおみくろんυうぷしろん ούτοί πάσαν προς σしぐまεいぷしろん τたうαあるふぁ τά τたうὰ ΤΑΙΣ τたうαあるふぁῖς τας τたうὰς τたうηいーた τたうῇ τたうηいーたνにゅー τήν τたうὴνにゅー ΤたうΗいーたΣしぐま τたうὴς τたうῆς τたうνにゅー τたうνにゅーωおめが ΤたうΟおみくろん Τό τたうὸ τοις τοίς τたうοおみくろんῖς ΤたうΟおみくろんΝにゅー τόν τたうὸνにゅー τοπρωϊ ΤたうΟおみくろんΥうぷしろん τたうοおみくろんῦ τους τούς τたうοおみくろんὺς τたうοおみくろんῦς τたうωおめが τたうῷ ΤたうΩおめがΝにゅー τたうῶνにゅー ψぷさいοおみくろんυうぷしろん ai autou autoû e Ē ge gē gêi gē̂i hai haí he hē hḗ ho hó HÒ hoi hoí hon hòn O oi on ta tá tà TAIS taîs tas tàs te tē têi tē̂i ten tēn tḗn tḕn TeS tês TĒS tḕs tē̂s TO Tó tò tō tôi tō̂i tois toîs TON tón tòn tôn TŌN tō̂n TOU toû tous toús toùs toûsInterlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts