Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United StatesTransaction Publishers - 335 ページ Scientific Elite is about Nobel prize winners and the well-defined stratification system in twentieth-century science. It tracks the careers of all American laureates who won prizes from 1907 until 1972, examining the complex interplay of merit and privilege at each stage of their scientific lives and the creation of the ultra-elite in science. The study draws on biographical and bibliographical data on laureates who did their prize-winning research in the United States, and on detailed interviews with forty-one of the fifty-six laureates living in the United States at the time the study was done. Zuckerman finds laureates being successively advantaged as time passes. These advantages are producing growing disparities between the elite and other scientists both in performance and in rewards, which create and maintain a sharply graded stratification system. |
目次
NOBEL LAUREATES AND SCIENTIFIC ELITES | 1 |
THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE NOBEL PRIZE | 16 |
THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF LAUREATES | 59 |
MASTERS AND APPRENTICES IN SCIENCE | 96 |
MOVING INTO THE SCIENTIFIC ELITE | 144 |
THE PRIZEWINNING RESEARCH | 163 |
AFTER THE PRIZE | 208 |
THE NOBEL PRIZE AND THE ACCUMULATION OF ADVANTAGE IN SCIENCE | 243 |
NOBEL LAUREATES IN SCIENCE 190176 | 281 |
PRIZEWINNING RESEARCH SPECIALTY AND YEAR OF AWARD | 291 |
OFFICIAL OCCUPANTS OF THE FORTYFIRST CHAIR HONORABLE MENTIONS FOR NOBEL PRIZES | 295 |
AGESPECIFIC ANNUAL RATES OF PRODUCTIVITY OF LAUREATES AND MATCHED SAMPLE OF SCIENTISTS WHO SURVIVED TO EAC... | 301 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 303 |
| 327 | |
| 332 | |
INTERVIEWING AN ULTRAELITE | 255 |
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多 く使 われている語句
Academy of Sciences accumulation of advantage achievement Alfred Nobel American laureates Arne Tiselius average biochemist C. N. Yang candidates careers chemist chemistry Chicago citation Cole collaborators colleges compared differences discovery doctorates early effects elite institutions elite masters elite universities Eugene Wigner Fermi fields forty-first chair full professor future laureates Gerty Cori graduate honored interview investigations Jewish John Bardeen Joshua Lederberg laboratory later laureate in medicine laureate in physics laureate masters laureates-to-be masters and apprentices matched sample Matthew Effect Max Delbrück Merton National Academy Nobel awards Nobel committees Nobel laureates Nobel prize Nobelists Nobelstiftelsen nominations observed occupants origins papers pattern percent physicist prestige prize-winning research productivity prospective laureates published questions rank reates received recipients recognition reported reward system role scientific elite selection significant social Sociology stratification system of science T. D. Lee Table tion ultra-elite winners York young scientists Zuckerman