Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management: Biology and Captive ManagementCsiro Publishing, 2007/10/01 - 548 ページ This authoritative volume represents a complete and comprehensive guide to the husbandry of Australian marsupials and other mammals. Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management dedicates a chapter to each group of animals including the platypus, the echidna, carnivorous marsupials, numbats, bandicoots and bilbies, koalas, wombats, possums and gliders, macropods, bats, rodents and the dingo. For each animal group the following information is covered: Biology; Housing; Capture and restraint; Transport; Diet; Breeding; Artificial rearing; and Behaviour and behavioural enrichment. The book provides a complete literature review of all known information on the biology of each group of animals and brings information on their biology in the wild into captive situations. Also, for the first time, it provides practical guidelines for hand-rearing, and has been extensively reviewed by zookeepers and veterinarians to incorporate the most up-to-date information and techniques. Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management provides practical guidance for zoo-keepers, veterinarians, zoologists, researchers and students. Winner of the 2004 Whitley Medal. Shortlisted in the Scholarly Reference section of the 2004 Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing. |
目次
112 Temperature requirements | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
1134 Feeding routine | |
115 Data recording | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
1111 Rehabilitation and release procedures | |
8 POSSUMSAND GLIDERS | |
6 Feeding requirements | |
62 Supplements | |
63 Presentation of food | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
75 Release | |
766 Release from the box | |
822 Physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
833 Protozoans | |
834 Bacteria | |
836 Viruses | |
838 Obesity | |
92 Social behaviour | |
93 Reproductive behaviour | |
94 Bathing | |
97 Behavioural enrichment | |
102 Ease of breeding | |
1031 Females | |
1032 Males | |
106 Timing of breeding | |
1010 Nesthollow requirements | |
1015 Age of removal from parents | |
11 Artificial rearing | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
1132 Milk formulas | |
1134 Feeding routine | |
114 Specific requirements | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
1111 Rehabilitation and release procedures | |
3 CARNIVOROUS MARSUPIALS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
31 Morphometrics | |
35 Longevity | |
352 Captivity | |
353 Techniques to determine the age of adults | |
4 Housing requirements | |
42 Holding area design | |
43 Spatial requirements | |
47 Substrate | |
48 Nest boxes | |
52 Record keeping | |
532 Tattoos | |
537 Hair bleaching | |
612 Phascogales Mulgara Kowari and Ampurta | |
613 Dibblers | |
614 Planigale and Ningaui | |
616 Eastern Quoll | |
618 Tasmanian Devil | |
619 Marsupial mole | |
6110 Meat mix | |
62 Supplements | |
7 Handling and transport | |
732 Large dasyurids | |
733 Marsupial mole | |
75 Release | |
762 Furnishings | |
82 Detailed physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
834 Nutritional osteodystrophy | |
835 Neoplasia | |
9 Behaviour | |
92 Social behaviour | |
922 Dasyurus | |
923 Parantechinus and Pseudantechinus | |
925 Antechinus | |
927 Planigale | |
9210 Thylacinus | |
9211 Notoryctes | |
94 Bathing | |
97 Behavioural enrichment | |
98 Introductions and removals | |
99 Intraspecific compatibility | |
10 Breeding | |
1012 Multiple paternity | |
102 Ease of breeding | |
103 Reproductive status | |
1032 Males | |
104 Techniques used to control breeding | |
105 Occurrence of hybrids | |
108 Ability to breed every year | |
1010 Nesting requirements | |
1012 Oestrous cycle and gestation period | |
1014 Age at weaning | |
1016 Growth and development | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
113 Diet and feeding routine | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
115 Data recording | |
117 Hygiene | |
119 Use of foster species | |
1111 Rehabilitation and release procedures | |
4 NUMBATS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
32 Distribution and habitat | |
35 Longevity | |
4 Housing requirements | |
42 Holding area design | |
43 Spatial requirements | |
47 Substrate | |
48 Nest boxes | |
49 Enclosure furnishings | |
53 Methods of identification | |
532 Visual identification | |
613 Preparation of termite mound powder | |
615 Breeding diet | |
63 Presentation of food | |
7 Handling and transport | |
75 Release | |
765 Timing of transportation | |
822 Physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
833 Toxoplasmosis | |
834 Bacteria | |
836 Tumours | |
9 Behaviour | |
94 Bathing | |
99 Intraspecific compatibility | |
103 Reproductive status | |
1032 Males | |
105 Occurrence of hybrids | |
109 Ability to breed more than once peryear | |
1015 Age of removal from parents | |
11 Artificial Rearing | |
1132 Milk formulas | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
114 Specific requirements | |
115 Data recording | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
12 Acknowledgments | |
Artificial diet preparation of egg custard | |
5 BANDICOOTS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
23 Recent synonyms | |
35 Longevity | |
4 Housing requirements | |
44 Position of enclosures | |
47 Substrate | |
5 General husbandry | |
53 Methods of identification | |
534 Ear notching | |
613 Macrotis | |
7 Handling and transport | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
75 Release | |
765 Timing of transportation | |
82 Detailed physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
831 Ectoparasites | |
833 Protozoans | |
9 Behaviour | |
922 Perameles | |
93 Reproductive behaviour | |
97 Behavioural enrichment | |
99 Intraspecific compatibility | |
102 Ease of breeding | |
1032 Males | |
105 Occurrence of hybrids | |
108 Ability to breed every year | |
1013 Litter size | |
1014 Age at weaning | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
1132 Milk formulas | |
1134 Feeding routine | |
114 Specific requirements | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
1111 Rehabilitation and release procedures | |
6 KOALAS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
23 Recent synonyms | |
32 Distribution and habitat | |
34 Diet in the wild | |
35 Longevity | |
352 Captivity | |
4 Housing requirements | |
42 Holding area design | |
43 Spatial requirements | |
46 Temperature requirements | |
48 Enclosure furnishings | |
5 General husbandry | |
53 Methods of identification | |
534 Ear tags | |
612 Choice of eucalypt branches to be cut | |
613 Storage of leaves | |
614 Eucalypt plantations | |
615 Artificial diets | |
62 Supplements | |
7 Handling and transport | |
73 Capture and restraint techniques | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
761 Box design | |
77 Koala handling and photographing by the public | |
8 Health requirements | |
82 Detailed physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
835 Fungus | |
837 Stress | |
9 Behaviour | |
93 Reproductive behaviour | |
94 Bathing | |
98 Introductions and removals | |
10 Breeding | |
1032 Males | |
1041 Selective breeding method | |
1045 Artificial breeding | |
108 Ability to breed every year | |
1013 Litter size | |
10132 Pouch checking | |
1016 Growth and development | |
11 Artificial rearing | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
113 Diet and feeding routine | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
1134 Feeding routine | |
114 Specific requirements | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
119 Use of foster species | |
Addendum 1 The management ofeucalyptus plantations for koalafodder | |
12 General plantation maintenance | |
7 WOMBATS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
22 Subspecies | |
3 Natural history | |
35 Longevity | |
353 Techniques to determine the age of adults | |
42 Holding area design | |
44 Position of enclosures | |
49 Enclosure furnishings | |
53 Methods of identification | |
6 Feeding requirements | |
62 Supplements | |
73 Capture and restraint techniques | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
765 Timing of transportation | |
822 Physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
833 Protozoans | |
834 Bacteria | |
9 Behaviour | |
92 Social behaviour | |
93 Reproductive behaviour | |
94 Bathing | |
96 Signs of stress | |
911 Suitability to captivity | |
10 Breeding | |
103 Reproductive condition | |
1032 Males | |
107 Age at first and last breeding | |
1010 Nesting requirements | |
1012 Oestrous cycle and gestation period | |
1016 Growth and development | |
2 Taxonomy | |
22 Subspecies | |
32 Distribution and habitat | |
35 Longevity | |
352 Techniques to determine the age of adults | |
4 Housing requirements | |
412 Exhibit requirements for different groups ofpossums and gliders | |
42 Holding area design | |
43 Spatial requirements | |
44 Position of enclosures | |
46 Temperature requirements | |
49 Enclosure furnishings | |
52 Record keeping | |
53 Methods of identification | |
532 Tattoos | |
612 Feathertail glider Ad Lib | |
613 Pygmypossums Eastern pygmypossum | |
614 Petaurus gliders Sugar glider | |
615 Striped possum Ad Lib | |
616 Leadbeaters possum | |
618 Greater glider | |
6110 Nectar mix | |
62 Supplements | |
73 Capture and restraint techniques | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
763 Water and food | |
82 Detailed physical examination | |
822 Physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
833 Protozoans | |
834 Bacteria | |
835 Fungus | |
837 Bloat | |
9 Behaviour | |
92 Social behaviour | |
923 Pygmypossums | |
924 Petaurids | |
925 Ringtail possums and greater glider | |
926 Cuscuses brushtail possums and scalytailed possum | |
93 Reproductive behaviour | |
94 Bathing | |
99 Intraspecific compatibility | |
910 Interspecific compatibility | |
10 Breeding | |
1024 Petaurids | |
1025 Ringtail possums and greater glider | |
1032 Males | |
104 Techniques used to control breeding | |
107 Age at first and last breeding | |
1011 Breeding diet | |
1015 Age at removal from parent | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
113 Diet and feeding routine | |
1132 Milk formula | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
114 Specific requirements | |
115 Data recording | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
119 Use of foster species | |
12 Acknowledgments | |
9 MACROPODS | |
21 Nomenclature | |
22 Subspecies | |
34 Diet in the wild | |
4 Housing requirements | |
412 Exhibit requirements for different groups of macropods | |
413 Walkthrough exhibits | |
42 Holding area design | |
45 Weather protection | |
5 General husbandry | |
53 Methods of identification | |
531 Passive Integrated Transponder PIT tags | |
536 Freeze Banding | |
6 Feeding requirements | |
611 Musky ratkangaroo | |
613 Brushtailed bettong | |
615 Wallabies and kangaroos | |
617 Pademelons and the quokka Ad Lib | |
7 Handling and transport | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
75 Release | |
76 Transport requirements from Slater and Courtney 1999 | |
761 Box design from Slater and Courtney 1999 | |
764 Animals per box | |
82 Detailed physical examination 821 Chemical restraint | |
822 Physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
833 Protozoans 8331 Coccidiosis | |
834 Bacteria | |
835 Fungi and yeasts | |
836 Viruses | |
837 Trauma | |
839 Shock | |
8311 Vitamin deficiencies | |
92 Social behaviour | |
922 Tree kangaroos | |
924 Wallabies | |
927 Rockwallabies | |
929 Pademelons | |
94 Bathing | |
96 Signs of stress | |
99 Intraspecific compatibility | |
910 Interspecific compatibility | |
10 Breeding | |
1023 Tree kangaroos | |
1025 Rockwallabies | |
1032 Males | |
104 Techniques used to control breeding | |
107 Age at first and last breeding | |
1010 Nesting requirements | |
1014 Age at weaning | |
1015 Age at removal from parent | |
11 Artificial rearing | |
113 Diet and feeding routine | |
1132 Milk formulas | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
114 Specific requirements | |
115 Data recording | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
1110 Weaning | |
1111 Rehabilitation and release procedures | |
10 BATS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
22 Subspecies | |
33 Conservation status | |
352 Captivity | |
4 Housing requirements | |
412 Microchiropterans | |
42 Holding area design | |
432 Microchiropterans | |
45 Weather protection | |
47 Substrate | |
49 Enclosure furnishings | |
5 General husbandry | |
52 Record keeping | |
53 Methods of identification | |
533 Ear notching | |
535 Thumb bands | |
536 Necklaces | |
537 Punchmarking | |
6 Feeding requirements | |
612 Microchiropterans | |
62 Supplements | |
7 Handling and transport | |
73 Capture and restraint techniques | |
733 Health precautions when handling bats | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
76 Transport requirements | |
762 Furnishings | |
765 Timing of transportation | |
82 Detailed physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
834 Alopecia | |
837 Holes in wing membranes | |
839 Lead poisoning | |
8310 Wing membrane infections | |
92 Social behaviour | |
923 Microchiropterans | |
932 Microchiropterans | |
97 Behavioural enrichment | |
98 Introductions and removals | |
911 Suitability to captivity | |
10 Breeding | |
103 Reproductive condition | |
1032 Males | |
104 Techniques used to control breeding | |
107 Age at first and last breeding | |
109 Ability to breed more than once peryear | |
1014 Age at weaning | |
11 Artificial rearing | |
1111 Megachiropterans | |
1112 Microchiropterans | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
113 Diet and feeding routine | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
1134 Feeding routine 11341 Megachiropterans | |
114 Specific requirements | |
115 Data recording | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
1111 Rehabilitation and releaseprocedures | |
11112 Microchiropterans | |
11 RODENTS | |
2 Taxonomy | |
22 Subspecies | |
32 Distribution and habitat | |
4 Housing requirements | |
42 Holding area design | |
43 Spatial requirements | |
44 Position of enclosures | |
48 Nest sites | |
49 Enclosure furnishings | |
53 Methods of identification | |
533 Ear tattooing | |
612 Sticknest rats | |
614 Water rats | |
615 Melomys and mastacomys | |
62 Supplements | |
72 Catching bags | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
762 Furnishings | |
82 Detailed physical examination | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
834 Bacteria | |
9 Behaviour | |
92 Social behaviour | |
924 Mastacomys broadtoothed rat | |
926 Notomys hopping mice | |
927 Pseudomys mice | |
928 Zyzomys rock rats | |
9211 Melomys melomys | |
93 Reproductive behaviour | |
97 Behavioural enrichment | |
99 Intraspecific compatibility | |
10 Breeding | |
1012 Multiple paternity | |
103 Reproductive condition | |
1032 Males | |
105 Occurrence of hybrids | |
106 Timing of breeding | |
109 Ability to breed more than once peryear | |
1013 Litter size | |
11 Artificial rearing | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
113 Diet and feeding routine | |
1133 Feeding apparatus | |
115 Data recording | |
116 Identification methods | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
12 Acknowledgments | |
12 DINGOES | |
2 Taxonomy | |
22 Subspecies | |
33 Conservation status | |
352 Captivity | |
4 Housing requirements | |
42 Holding area design | |
46 Temperature requirements | |
53 Methods of identification | |
533 Visual identification | |
62 Supplements | |
7 Handling and transport | |
74 Weighing and examination | |
76 Transport requirements | |
766 Release from the box | |
83 Known health problems | |
832 Endoparasitic worms | |
833 Protozoans | |
834 Bacteria | |
9 Behaviour | |
92 Social behaviour | |
922 Aggression | |
923 Friendly behaviour | |
925 Pheromones | |
95 Behavioural problems | |
98 Introductions and removals | |
910 Interspecific compatibility | |
912 Training | |
10 Breeding | |
102 Ease of breeding | |
1032 Males | |
105 Occurrence of hybrids | |
106 Timing of breeding | |
108 Ability to breed every year | |
1012 Oestrous cycle and gestation period | |
1016 Growth and development | |
112 Temperature requirements | |
1134 Feeding routine | |
115 Data recording | |
118 Behavioural considerations | |
119 Use of foster species | |
REFERENCES | |
Chapter 2 Echindas | |
Chapter 3 Carnivorous marsupials | |
Chapter 4 Numbats | |
Chapter 5 Bandicoots | |
Chapter 6 Koalas | |
Chapter 7 Wombats | |
Chapter 9 Macropods | |
Chapter 11 Rodents | |
APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY | |
APPENDIX 2 ENCLOSURE SIZES | |
APPENDIX 3 SUPPLIERSAND WILDLIFE AGENCIES | |
133 Food Products | |
134 Catching And Handling Equipment | |
135 State and Other Wildlife Agencies | |
APPENDIX 4 MARSUPIAL MILK MILK FORMULAS AND A COMPARISON WITH MONOTREME AND EUTHERIAN MILK | |
APPENDIX 5 TAKING BODY MEASUREMENTS | |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | |
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activity adult aggressive animals antechinus approximately Australian Journal ofZoology Australian Mammal Australian Mammalogy Australian Wildlife Research bandicoots bats Blyde body weight Booth breeding season brushtail possums burrow captivity carnivorous marsupials clean cloaca comm common wombats Corbett Cowey pers dasyurids Diagnosis diet dingoes disease dunnarts echidnas enclosure eucalypts faeces feathertail gliders feeding females flying-foxes grey kangaroos growth hairy-nosed wombat hand-rearing Healesville Sanctuary individuals infection joey juvenile koalas lactation length litter Macropodidae macropods males Marsupialia mating mealworms megachiropterans microchiropterans monotremes Muridae nest box numbats observed occur Petauridae phascogales platypus possums and gliders pouch young Queensland quolls rats release reproductive requirements result ringtail possums Rismiller rodents roost short-beaked echidnas South Wales southern hairy-nosed wombats species Strahan stress sugar gliders tail Taronga Zoo Tasmanian devils teat techniques temperature termites tree urine Vogelnest wallabies weaning Whittington wild Woolley Zoological