(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Chapter 30: Crystal Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams - CERN Document Server

CERN Accelerating science

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002906393 245__ $$9World Scientific$$aChapter 30: Crystal Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams
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002906393 520__ $$9World Scientific$$aCrystal collimation is an advanced technique where a silicon crystal, only a few millimeters long and bent to a curvature of about 50 μみゅーrad, coherently deflects the beam halo onto a collimator absorber. This technique can improve beam collimation in the HL-LHC. Since 2015, a test stand has been operational in the betatron cleaning insertion of the LHC for beam tests at the unprecedented hadron beam energy of up to 6.5 Z TeV, where Z is the atomic number. For the first time, channeling was observed at this energy and the crystal collimation concept was validated, demonstrating that the cleaning of lead heavy-ion beams at 6.37 Z TeV can be improved by up to a factor 10. Crystal collimation has become part of the HL-LHC baseline in 2019 and will be the key upgrade for improving the cleaning efficiency for ion beam operation in Run 3.
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