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Taxonomic revision of European Apium L. s.l.: Helosciadium W.D.J.Koch restored

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Abstract

European representatives of Apium sensu lato (Apiaceae), and Apium prostratum and Naufraga balearica, were studied with morphological, fruit anatomical, and palynological methods. Morphometric data were compared with phylogenetic results from previous molecular studies. This confirms that most of the European Apium species belong to a separate group corresponding to the previously named genus Helosciadium. All these species had previously been formally named as Helosciadium species, except for the new combination Helosciadium bermejoi, which is formally described here. Molecular studies place Apium prostratum and Naufraga balearica close to Apium graveolens, the type species of Apium. Our morphometric results show similarities of Naufraga with H. bermejoi, but fruit anatomy distinguishes it both from Helosciadium and from A. graveolens/prostratum. The placement of Cyclospermum leptophyllum in a separate genus is confirmed. Diagnostic keys to the genera and Helosciadium species, and an annotated checklist are given.

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Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to Mark Newman for his meticulous checking on the complex synonymy and typification; Stephen Downie and Michael Müller for their generous help when working with the molecular data; Sally Rae for assistance in preparing the plates; Frank Van Caekenberghe for the pollen acetolysis and for taking SEM pictures; Jean-Pierre Reduron, Stephen R. Downie, and Krzysztof Spalik for invaluable comments on the manuscript; the personnel of the Conservatoire Botanique National of Mulhouse (France) for providing living material; and the herbaria of Edinburgh (UK) and Madrid (Spain). This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project http://www.synthesys.info/ which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Programme. The senior author was funded by a grant by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Botanic Garden of Belgium, 1860, Meise, Belgium

    A. C. Ronse

  2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK

    Z. A. Popper, J. C. Preston & M. F. Watson

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  1. A. C. Ronse
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  2. Z. A. Popper
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Correspondence to A. C. Ronse or M. F. Watson.

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Appendix

Appendix

Material examined; the specimens are listed in alphabetical order of the collectors.

Apium graveolens

R.H. Bianor 623, 17/8/1911, Espana, Majorca, Soller, springs (E). E. Dursy & Ch. Schultz s.n., 8/1840, Germany, fossés et prairies près des salines de Dürckheim (Palatinat), Flora Galliae et Germaniae exsiccata 446 (E). P.A.C. Endress s.n., 7/1831, France, Biarritz, rupes maritimes (E). O. Krebs s.n., 7/1895, Austria, Wien, im Küchengärten cultiviert (E). Manucehri32, 8/1948, Iran, prov. Kashan, Ghamsar (E). J. Mc Nab s.n., Greece, Corfu (E). C.A. Panckert s.n., Germany, Brandenburg, Salzbrunn bei Treuenbrietzen (E). Rabyns H.G. 5145, 19/4/1976, Greece, Crete, Erimoupolis, Sitia (BR). T.H.H. von Heldreich s.n., 20/7/1887, Greece, Attica, in valle Cephissi humidis, pl. exsicc. Florae Hellenicae (E).

Apium prostratum

Freeman EDW 85/3, 12/2/1985, New Zealand, South Otago, N of Nugget Point, exposed dunes, sprawling habit (RNG). Gibbons P. 693, 17/5/1987, Australia, South-Eastern 36°55′S, 139°48′E, 6 km south of Kingston, Butchers Gap Cons. Pk., closed sedge land, scrambling herb, frequent (BR). Pritchard C.C., 11/1/1954, New Zealand, Mason’s Bay (BR).

Cyclospermum leptophyllum

G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker 80/56, France, Cévennes (E). A. Fleischmann 3047b, Germany, Montefalcone und zwischen Wippach und Heidenschaft, Rchb. Fl. Germ. Novit. 3047b (E). Lang A.F., s.d., Italy, Neapolis (BR). Marchi P. & B. Martire, 9/10/1985, Italia, Roma, Universita degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, alt. 30 m, University town, unattended lawns (BR). Martins M. 312, 7/6/1972, Portugal, Lisboa (Estremadura), Belem, Praça do Imperio, in hortis (BR). Press J.R. 793, 4/6/1985, Madeira, Sao Gonçalo, 2 km E of Funchal from EN101 into village, at base of wall in fairly dry earth, quite common (BR).

Helosciadium bermejoi

Bermejo A. s.n., 11/6/1983, Espana, Menorca, Alayor, known only from an area of more or less four hundred square meters (RNG). A. Bermejo, Espana, Majorca, grown in Alayor, from the type locality (E). R.N. Lester s.n., 20/8/1983, grown from seed at BG Birmingham University for 4 months, from Espana, Menorca (RNG). J. Orell s.n., 26/7/1986, Espana, Balears, Menorca, Mao, Es cap Negre 31SFE11, pequenos declives de la linea de costa, en suelos de naturaleza fluxoturbidica (MA).

Helosciadium crassipes

Angel Garcia et al. 3885, 7/6/2003, Italia, Sardegna, Cagliari, Gesturi, cercanias del centro didactico, 39°44′36″N 9°7′12″E, 500 m, alcornacal con mirto y lagunas temporales en tabla basaltica (MA). C. Bicknell & L. Podini, 24/5/1901, France, Corsica, in paludibus prope Portovecchio (MA). Davis 52175, 11/5/1971, Algeria, 7 km W of El Kala (La Calle), edge of dyke, perennial, alt 5–10 m (E). J.M. Fay 1308, 1978–1979, Tunesia, parc national d’Ichkeul, marsh, alluvial, loam (E). L. Kralik 601, 19/5/1849, France, Corse, Sta Manza près de Bonifacio, marécages maritimes (E). A. Letourneux & H. de la Perraudière, 3/6/1861, Algeria, in paludosis ditionis Senhadja Bone inter et Philippeville (E). E. Reverchon 97, 1/6/1881, Italia, Sardegna, Tempio, Sta Teresa Gallura, marais de Bancamino (RNG). Ronse A. 1419, 10/2006, cultivated, from Conservatoire botanique Mulhouse, originally France, Corse, Musella (BR).

Helosciadium inundatum

Aldosoro s.n., 20/6/1992, Espana, Zamora, Requejo (MA). Anonymous, 10/7/1987, Espana, Zamora, Ribadelago, lagunilla, Parque Natural de Lago de Sanabria, 29TPG8166, 1,600 m (MA). D. Davis & S. Sutton 64358, 2/6/1979, Italy, Sicily, Messina, ca. 7 km SW of Floresta towards Monte Pojummoru (Nebrodie), ca. 1,300 m (E). T.H.H. Von Heldreich s.n., 20/3/1840, Italia, Sicilia, Panormum, in stagnis montosis prope Panormum, gurgo di Ddingoli sul M. Moarta (E). F. Gomez Vigide, 13/6/1988, Espana, La Coruna, Puerto de Son, en la laguna costera de Xuno, 5 m (MA). E. Rico, 18/7/1976, Espana, Salamanca, Navasfrias (MA). Höppner H., 21/6/1931, The Netherlands, Maasgebied, Gräben des Koningsveens bei Gennep (BR). M.S. Romero, 10/7/1991, Espana, La Coruna, Carbollo, cerca de Brea, en el cauce del rio Rosende, cuenca del Anblons (MA). Seringe s.n., 1700s, Great Britain, Scotland, Kinrosshire, ditch near Auchendinny, Braid Hill, Martler-Bog east of Maw Castle (E). Turland 856, 2/5/1995, Greece, Ahaia, coastal region near Kalogria, 33 km W of Patra, alt 0 m, margin of freshwater swamp, somewhat shades (BM). E. Valdes-Bermejo 11.166 & J. Silva, 31/7/1987, Espana, Lugo, Cospeito, en las canalizaciones proximas a la laguna, 29TPH 1685 (MA).

Helosciadium nodiflorum

E. Bourgeau 220, 1848, Espana, Santa Cathalina (E). M.C. Bruno & P.M. Uribe-Echebarria 2074.83, 29/6/1983, Espana, Burgos, Condado de Trevino, Lanjo, 700 m, UTM 30TWN3124, Manantial calizo, calido (MA). A. Charpin, J. Fernandez Casas & F. Munoz Garmendia 15108, 21/8/1978, Espana, Granada, Castril, prope cortijo del Nacimiento, ca. 1,100 m (E). P. Cousturier, 1912, France, Corse, Calaciacina, route vers Corte, alt. 700 m (E). J. Darrah 650, 17/8/1969, Turkey, Adana, near Hasanbeyli, wet sand, open, vegetative partrs creeping, rooting at nodes (E). M. de Godos, 15/7/1993, Espana, Leon, Marrubio, 29TQG0389, aliseda (MA). B. Deverall & B. Flannigan 271, 18/7/1956, Espana, Avila, El Arenal, Sierra de Gredos, wet, shades, by stream, 900 m (E). V.R. Garcia, 25/7/1977, Espana, Orense, Os Peares, Nogueira de Ramuin, cuneta inundada (MA). Leadlay & Petty 367, Portugal, Douro, Lavra (E). M. Pardo de Santayana 1148 & L. Medina, 10/8/1999, Espana, Cantabria, San Miguel de Aguayo, arroyo cerca de Sta Maria de Aguayo, 660 m alt. (MA). Reduron J.P. s.n., 4/8/2000, France, Vaucluse, Malaucène (personal herb. J.P.Reduron). E. Reverchon s.n., Espana (E). E. Reverchon 1060, 8/1895, Espana, Teruel, Albarracin, lieux humides et herbeux, 1,300 m, rare (E). E. Reverchon 1060bis, 7/1904, Espana, Jaen, Barrançon de Valentina, bords des ruisseaux, sur le calcaire, 1,500 m (E). Ronse A. 742, 3/8/2004, Ireland, Cork, Macroom, in Toone River, 287702, along the river, partly in the water (BR). A. Somerville, 13/8/1894, Great Britain, Arran, King’s Cove, UC100 (E).

Helosciadium repens

E. Carrillo & L.M. Ferrero, 8/7/2001, Espana, Guadalajara, Checa, Barranco del Cubillo, 30T XK006896, 1,530 m (MA). LM Ferrero & L. Medina 1456, 7/8/1997, Espana, Guadalajara, Orea, turbera caliza en el margen del rio de la Hoz Seca, 30TXK0686, 1,500 m (MA). J.P. Fry 73, 2/8/1968, Morocco, Middle Atlas, Ras Chedaya, Bab bou Idir, growing in stream, 1,410 m (E). S.L. Jury 11722, A. Achnal, M. Khanas & LS Springate, Morocco, Tazzeka, 29 km from Taza on minor road near Bab-Bou-Idir, 34°5′N Long 4°7′W, UTM 30S 396416 3771447, damp flush in Quercus ilex forest, abundant on heavily grazed wet area, 1,530 m (MA). S.L. Jury 17589, 7/7/1997, Morocco, above Imilchil, on road to Lake Tizlite along El-Ksiba to Imilchil road, damp, heavily overgrazed area by small stream (E). L.F.J.R. Leresche s.n., 19/8/1842, Switzerland, Vaud, au chalet à Gabet au-dessus de Lausanne (E). G. Mateo, 18/8/1980, Espana, Soria, entre Morales y Bayubas, WL09, juncales junto al Duero (MA). Reduron J.P., 11/4/2008, France, Haut-Rhin, glaisière de Guewenheim (personal herb. J.P.Reduron). Ronse A. 697c, 12/7/2004, Germany, Bayern, Urspring, Viehweide (BR). F. Sennen 185, Morocco, Beni-amssrart (MA). F. Sennen 817, 21/8/1909, Espana, Aragon, Cella, marécages (E). Trautmann R. s.n., 26/8/1915, Hungary, in scaturiginiibus ad ripam Danubii inter pag. Soroksar et Dunaharaszti infra Budapest (BR).

Naufraga balearica

Dutartre G., 1/6/1981, France, Corse, au sud de Piana, rochers siliceux suintants à Isoetes duriei, etc. (BR). Duvigneaud J. 62E365, 22/7/1962, Espana, Majorca, Pollensa (BR). PDC 12845, 26/11/1979, seeds from Reading University, Mallorca (E).

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Ronse, A.C., Popper, Z.A., Preston, J.C. et al. Taxonomic revision of European Apium L. s.l.: Helosciadium W.D.J.Koch restored. Plant Syst Evol 287, 1–17 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0284-3

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