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Angiosperms are distinguished from the other [[Spermatophyte|seed-producing]] plants, the [[gymnosperm]]s, by having [[flower]]s, [[xylem]] consisting of [[vessel element]]s instead of [[tracheids]], [[endosperm]] within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds.
The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from the common ancestor of all living gymnosperms before the end of the [[Carboniferous]], over 300 million years ago. In the [[Cretaceous]], angiosperms [[Adaptive radiation|diversified explosively]], becoming the dominant group of plants across the planet.
[[Agriculture]] is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, and a small number of flowering plant families supply nearly all plant-based [[food]] and [[livestock]] feed. [[Rice]], [[maize]], and [[wheat]] provide half of the world's [[calorie]] intake, and all three plants are cereals from the [[Poaceae]] family (colloquially known as grasses). Other families provide materials such as [[wood]], [[paper]] and [[cotton]], and supply numerous ingredients for traditional and modern medicines. Flowering plants are also commonly grown for decorative purposes, with certain flowers playing a significant role in many cultures.
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