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[[Raymond du Puy]], who succeeded Gerard as master of the hospital in 1120,{{sfn|Nicholson|2001|p=5}} is credited with establishing the military element of the Order.{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2012|pages=23–24}} Raymond decided some time before 1136 that Hospitallers could fight to defend the kingdom or to besiege a pagan city. King [[Fulk of Jerusalem]] constructed several castles to defend the kingdom from attacks by the Fatimid garrison at [[Ascalon]], and allowed the Hospitallers to manage one of them in 1136, the castle of [[Bayt Jibrin|Bethgibelin]]. Over the next several years the Order was also granted more castles and towns, especially in the [[County of Tripoli]] and the [[Principality of Antioch]], which were [[crusader state]]s under threat. Those notably included the [[Krak des Chevaliers]] in 1142, which they received from [[Raymond II, Count of Tripoli]].{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2012|pages=29–30}} Raymond du Puy organized a [[militia]] from the order's members, dividing the order into three ranks: knights, men at arms, and [[chaplain]]s. Raymond offered the service of his armed troops to [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]], and the order from this time participated in the crusades as a military order, in particular distinguishing itself in the [[Siege of Ascalon]] of 1153.
In 1130, [[Pope Innocent II]] gave the order its [[Coat of arms of the Knights Hospitaller|coat of arms]], a plain silver cross in a field of red, to differentiate them from the
The Hospitallers and the [[Knights Templar]] became the most formidable military orders in the Holy Land. [[Frederick Barbarossa]], the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], pledged his protection to the Knights of St. John in a charter of privileges granted in 1185.<ref>{{cite book|last=King|first=Colonel E. J.|year=1931|url=https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf|title=The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land|publisher=Methuen & Co. Ltd|location=London|pages=59–60|access-date=17 May 2023|archive-date=17 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517181438/https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Cartulaire – General, Vol. I, No. 27</ref>
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*{{cite book |first=David |last=Ball |author-link=David W. Ball |title=Ironfire |publisher=Bantam Dell |year=2004 |isbn=0-385-33601-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/ironfirenoveloft00ball }}
*{{Cite book |last=Berthod |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Brthod |title=Grandes figures de l'Ordre de Malte |lang=fr |year=2010 |publisher=Artège Group |isbn={{Format ISBN|9782360404056}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Bradford |first=Ernle |title=The Shield and the Sword |place=London |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1972 |author-link=Ernle Bradford}}
*{{cite book|last=Crowley|first=Roger|title=Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World|year=2008|publisher=Random House| isbn= 978-1-4000-6624-7}}
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