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[[Raymond du Puy]], who succeeded Gerard as master of the hospital in 1120,{{sfn|Nicholson|2001|p=5}} is credited with establishing the military element of the Order.{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2012|pages=23–24}} Raymond decided some time before 1136 that Hospitallers could fight to defend the kingdom or to besiege a pagan city. King [[Fulk of Jerusalem]] constructed several castles to defend the kingdom from attacks by the Fatimid garrison at [[Ascalon]], and allowed the Hospitallers to manage one of them in 1136, the castle of [[Bayt Jibrin|Bethgibelin]]. Over the next several years the Order was also granted more castles and towns, especially in the [[County of Tripoli]] and the [[Principality of Antioch]], which were [[crusader state]]s under threat. Those notably included the [[Krak des Chevaliers]] in 1142, which they received from [[Raymond II, Count of Tripoli]].{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2012|pages=29–30}} Raymond du Puy organized a [[militia]] from the order's members, dividing the order into three ranks: knights, men at arms, and [[chaplain]]s. Raymond offered the service of his armed troops to [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]], and the order from this time participated in the crusades as a military order, in particular distinguishing itself in the [[Siege of Ascalon]] of 1153.
 
In 1130, [[Pope Innocent II]] gave the order its [[Coat of arms of the Knights Hospitaller|coat of arms]], a plain silver cross in a field of red, to differentiate them from the (''gueulles'')Templars.{{dubioussfn|Order InsigniaBerthod|date2010|p=June 201617}}<! The "eight--sic?-->pointed cross" is said to have originated in the [[Byzantine Empire]] before reaching Amalfi, Italy, and it was used in Jerusalem by the monks that founded the Hospital of St John. After the Hospitallers moved to Malta, it became the [[Maltese cross]].<ref>{{citeCite book|author-link=Louisweb Moreri|last=Moreri|first=Louis|title=The Greateight-pointed Historicalcross Dictionary|yearurl=1759}}<!https://www.orderofmalta.int/history/the-eight-volume,pointed-cross/ page,|access-date=14 entry?June whose2024 translation?--|publisher=Sovereign Military Order of Malta }}</ref>
<!--unsubstantiated quote:
"Since there were many gentlemen and men of arms among the ranks of the Order, he [Raymond] established a militia for the defence of religion against enemies of the Holy Land, while others were assigned to care for the poor and the sick at the hospital. To better succeed in his pious designs, he held the first general assembly and He also instituted a new constitution to improve the rules that Gerard established. They were approved in 1123 by Pope Callixtus II and in 1130 Pope Innocent II gave the order their coat of arms, a silver cross (today known as the Maltese cross) in a field of blue (gueulles). Raymond armed his troops and offered them to Baldwin II of Jerusalem, to join him and his army in the fight against infidels. From that time on, there was never a battle that this order did not participate in. In the year 1153, the king of Jerusalem was ready to lift the siege of Ashkelon. However, Grand Master du Puy received permission to extend the siege and camp his army in front of the city. The city surrendered within a few days. Because of this conquest he acquired great glory and received the esteem of the pope, Pope Anastasius IV, who granted many privileges to the order. Raymond thereafter built a magnificent palace which caused much jealousy among the prelates of Jerusalem and the holy land. But the order was supported by the supreme pontiff in his exemptions and in the privileges granted to them. Raymond du Puy died in 1160 and his successor was Auger de Balben. He was the first to assume, and the first to whom was given, the title of Grand Master of the Order. He never used it except after Roger II of Sicily used the title in the letters he wrote to Raymond"--></ref>{{Volume needed|issue=no|date=May 2023}}{{page needed|date=June 2016}}
 
The Hospitallers and the [[Knights Templar]] became the most formidable military orders in the Holy Land. [[Frederick Barbarossa]], the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], pledged his protection to the Knights of St. John in a charter of privileges granted in 1185.<ref>{{cite book|last=King|first=Colonel E. J.|year=1931|url=https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf|title=The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land|publisher=Methuen & Co. Ltd|location=London|pages=59–60|access-date=17 May 2023|archive-date=17 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517181438/https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Cartulaire – General, Vol. I, No. 27</ref>
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{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |first=David |last=Ball |author-link=David W. Ball |title=Ironfire |publisher=Bantam Dell |year=2004 |isbn=0-385-33601-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/ironfirenoveloft00ball }}
*{{Cite book |last=Berthod |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Brthod |title=Grandes figures de l'Ordre de Malte |lang=fr |year=2010 |publisher=Artège Group |isbn={{Format ISBN|9782360404056}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Bradford |first=Ernle |title=The Shield and the Sword |place=London |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1972 |author-link=Ernle Bradford}}
*{{cite book|last=Crowley|first=Roger|title=Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World|year=2008|publisher=Random House| isbn= 978-1-4000-6624-7}}
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