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{{Short description|British author, psychoanalyst & member of the Bloomsbury Group (1883-1948)}}
{{about|the English author|the Australian artillery officer and playwright|Adrian Consett Stephen|the engineer|Adrian Stephens}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=JuneApril 20132020}}
[[File: Adrian Karin 1914.jpg|thumb|Adrian and Karin Stephen 1914 |alt=Photograph of Adrian Stephen with his wife Karin Costelloe in 1914, the year they were married]]
{{no footnotes|date=February 2015}}
'''Adrian Leslie Stephen''' (1883–194827 October 1883 – 3 May 1948) was a member of the [[Bloomsbury Group]], an author and psychoanalyst, and the younger brother of [[Thoby Stephen]], [[Virginia Woolf]] and [[Vanessa Bell]]. He and his wife, [[Karin Stephen|Karin]], became interested in the work of [[Sigmund Freud]], and were among the first British [[psychoanalysts]].▼
{{dablink|This article is about an author. For the engineer with a similar name, see [[Adrian Stephens (inventor)]].}}
 
==Life==
▲'''Adrian Stephen''' (1883–1948) was a member of the [[Bloomsbury Group]], an author and psychoanalyst, and the younger brother of [[Virginia Woolf]] and [[Vanessa Bell]]. He and his wife became interested in the work of [[Sigmund Freud]], and were among the first British [[psychoanalysts]].
Stephen, educatedwas atborn [[Westminsterin School]]1883, was the youngest of four children of [[Julia Stephen|Julia]] and [[Leslie Stephen]]; their father's death in 1904 resulted in the four siblings moving to [[Bloomsbury]], and their house there became the nucleus of the Bloomsbury Group. By his mother's first marriage, he was also a half-brother of [[George Herbert Duckworth|George]] and [[Gerald Duckworth]]. He was educated at [[Westminster School]].{{sfn|Dawley|2018}}▼
 
Among his romantic liaisons was his affair with the artist [[Duncan Grant]], which led to Grant's introduction to Stephen's sister Vanessa Bell, with whom he would eventually have a (rather unusual) romance.<ref>H Lee, ''Virginia Woolf'' (London 1996) p. 244</ref> Adrian attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], where he took an Ordinary Degree in law and history. In 1914 Stephen married [[Karin Costelloe]],<ref>H Lee, ''Virginia Woolf'' (London 1996) p. 383</ref> a philosophy graduate, by then Fellow of [[Newnham College]] and expert on [[Henri Bergson]]. The couple had two daughters Ann and Judith Stephen.{{sfn|Dawley|2018}}
▲Stephen, educated at [[Westminster School]], was the youngest of four children of [[Leslie Stephen]]; their father's death in 1904 resulted in the four siblings moving to [[Bloomsbury]], and their house there became the nucleus of the Bloomsbury Group. By his mother's first marriage, he was also a half-brother of [[George Herbert Duckworth|George]] and [[Gerald Duckworth]].
 
Among his romantic liaisons was his affair with the artist [[Duncan Grant]], which led to Grant's introduction to, and eventual unusual romance with, Stephen's sister Vanessa Bell. Adrian attended [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], where he took an Ordinary Degree in law and history. In 1914 Stephen married [[Karin Costelloe]], a philosophy graduate, by then Fellow of [[Newnham College]] and expert on [[Henri Bergson]]. On the introduction of [[conscription]] in 1916 during the [[First World War]] Stephen became a [[conscientious objector]], like many other members of the Bloomsbury Group, and, with Costelloe, lived out the remainder of the war working on a farm in Essex.<ref>P King, ''The Freud-Klein Controversies'' (2005)</ref> Early in the war he was active in the [[Union of Democratic Control]], then later was Honorary Treasurer of the National Council Against Conscription.
 
Towards the end of the war, Adrian, Karin, [[James Strachey|James]] and [[Alix Strachey]] all became interested in [[psychoanalysis]]. The Stephens trained medically at the request of [[Ernest Jones]], both being analysed initially by James Glover; they qualified in the late 1920s,{{sfn|Dawley|2018}} Adrian completing his analysis with [[Ella Freeman Sharpe]].<ref>P King, ''The Freud-Klein Controversies'' (2005)</ref>
 
In 1936, Stephen decided to recount in detail the [[Dreadnought hoax|''Dreadnought'' hoax]], in which he had taken part a quarter of a century earlier, completing an account published by the [[Hogarth pressPress]]. He also became deeply involved in anti-Fascist activity in the Thirties.<ref>H Lee, ''Virginia Woolf'' (London 1996) p. 662</ref>
 
In [[World War II]] Stephen became so angered by the [[Nazis]]' brutality and [[anti-semitismantisemitism]] that he abandoned his [[pacifist]] stance of the previous war and volunteered to become an [[army]] psychiatrist at the outbreak of warpsychoanalyst in 1939, at the age of 57. Active in promoting reforms in the [[British Psychoanalytical Society]] in 1942-44 during the [[Controversial Discussions]], he became Scientific Secretary of the Society (1945-471945–47) and took over the job of Editor of the ''[[International Journal of Psychoanalysis]]'' from [[James Strachey]] in 1946.<ref>P King, ''The Freud-Klein Controversies'' (2005)</ref> He died in 1948.
 
== List of selected publications ==
* ''The 'Dreadnought' Hoax'' (1936)
 
==See also==
*[[Melanie Klein]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|2|}}
 
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* Jean MacGibbon, ''There’s the Lighthouse. A Biography of Adrian Stephen'', London: James & James, 1997
* {{cite book|last=MacGibbon|first=Jean|title=There's the Lighthouse: A Biography of Adrian Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ryiaAAAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=James & James|isbn=978-0-907383-76-5}}
* {{cite web|last1=Dawley|first1=Janice E|title=The Bloomsbury Group: Adrian Stephen|url=http://therem.net/bloom-adrian.htm|website=Time and Tide|access-date=28 April 2018|ref={{harvid|Dawley|2018}}}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070411013651/http://www.psychoanalysis.org.uk/archivesexhibition.htm Bloomsbury and Psychoanalysis]
 
{{commons}}
{{Bloomsbury Group}}
{{Virginia Woolf|state=collapsed}}
 
{{authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Stephen, Adrian
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British psychoanalyst
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1883
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1948
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stephen, Adrian}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Stephen-Bell family]]
[[Category:Bloomsbury Group]]
[[Category:British conscientious objectors]]
[[Category:PsychoanalystsBritish psychoanalysts]]
[[Category:English LGBT people from Englandwriters]]
[[Category:VirginiaAlumni Woolfof Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Dreadnought hoax]]
 
{{UK-writer-stub}}
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