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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin|display title=ital}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Icebreaker and penguins.jpg
|Ship caption=''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' and penguins in the [[Ross Sea]], [[Antarctica]].
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Russia]]
|Ship flag=[[Image:Naval Ensign of {{shipboxflag|Russia.svg|60px]]naval}}
|Ship name=''Kapitan Khlebnikov''
|Ship namesake=[[Yury Khlebnikov]] (1900–761900–1976)
|Ship owner=*[[:en:Far East Shipping Company|Far East Shipping Company]]{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}
*Manager: [[International Shipping Partners]]<ref>{{citeCite web |urltitle=ISP Fleet Information |url=http://www.isp-usa.com/fleet/index.html|title=ISP Fleet Information}}</ref>
|Ship operator=[[Quark Expeditions]]
|Ship registry=
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|Ship fate=
|Ship status=In active service
|Ship notes=<ref name="Quark">{{citeCite web |title=''Kapitan Khlebnikov'': Icebreaker |url=http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/our-fleet/kapitan-khlebnikov| title=''Kapitan Khlebnikov'': Icebreaker| publisherurl-status=Quarkdead Expeditions| accessdate=20 July 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721021601/http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/our-fleet/kapitan-khlebnikov| |archive-date=21 July 2008| url|access-statusdate=dead20 July 2008 |publisher=Quark Expeditions}}</ref><ref name="FescoFleetKhlebnikov">{{citeCite web |title=FESCO vessels: Kapitan Khlebnikov |url=http://www.fesco.ru/en/assets/fleet-fesco/vessels/icebreakers/kapitan-khlebnikov/ | titleaccess-date=FESCO20 vessels:July Kapitan2008 Khlebnikov| publisher=[[Fesco Transport Group]]| accessdate=20 July 2008}}</ref>
|Ship badge=
}}
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|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Icebreaker]]{{sclass|Kapitan Sorokin|icebreaker}}
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=12,288&nbsp;tons
|Ship length={{cvt|122.50|m|ftin}}
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship lengthbeam=122{{cvt|26.50 |m|ftin}}
|Ship beam=26.50 m
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{cvt|8.50 |m|ftin}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship depth=
Line 72 ⟶ 70:
|Ship ramps=
|Ship ice class=KM * LL3 [2] А2 passenger
|Ship power=Main engines: 6 diesel sets producing 24,200 horsepower (18.5MW){{cvt|24200|hp|MW|lk=on}}
|Ship propulsion= 3 twin DC electric motors each turning a 22m{{cvt|22|m}} long propeller shaft to which is attached a 4 bladed 4.3 m diameter propeller with hardened steel blades. Blades can be changed at sea in the event of damage.
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed=*{{convert|14 knots|kn}} in open water
*Max speed: {{convert|19 knots|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=Guests: 108
|Ship complement=Guests: 10870
|Ship crew=Staff & Crew: 70
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship aircraft=Two helicopters are carried to help with navigation in ice and for tourist trips.
|Ship aircraft facilities=Hangars[[Hangar]]s
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
 
The '''''Kapitan Khlebnikov''''' ({{lang-ru|Капита́н Хле́бников}}, {{IPA-ru|kəpʲɪˈtan ˈxlʲɛbnʲɪkəf|IPA}}) is a Russian (formerly [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]) [[icebreaker]]. The vessel now operates as a [[cruise ship]] offering excursions to the [[Arctic]] and [[Antarctic]].
 
==History==
The ''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' was completed in [[Finland]] in 1981<ref name=FescoFleetKhlebnikov/> as one of four [[{{sclass|Kapitan Sorokin class]] icebreakers|icebreaker}}s. She was refitted in 1990 as a tour ship.<ref name="Cool">{{citeCite web |title=''Kapitan Khlebnikov'', a conventionally powered ice breaker |url=http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/ships/Kapitan_Khlebnikov_ice_breaker.htm| title=''Kapitan Khlebnikov'', a conventionally powered ice breaker| publisher=Cool Antarctica| accessdate=20 July 2008| url-status=dead | archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526180304/http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/ships/Kapitan_Khlebnikov_ice_breaker.htm| archivedate|archive-date=26 May 2008 |access-date=20 July 2008 |publisher=Cool Antarctica}}</ref> and was the first ship to circumnavigate Antarctica with passengers in 1996–97.<ref>{{citeCite web |title=''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' |url=http://www.oceanadventures.co.uk/vessels_khlebnikov.cfm | titleaccess-date=''Kapitan20 July 2008 Khlebnikov''| publisher=Ocean Adventures| accessdate=20 July 2008}}</ref>
 
In February 2006 the ''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' reached the [[Bay of Whales]] in the Antarctic, reaching 78° 40.871' south and equalling the record set by [[Roald Amundsen]] in the [[Fram ({{ship)||Fram]]|ship|2}} in 1911.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adventure Holidays & Tailor Made Trips |url=https://www.discover-the-world.com/|title=Adventure Holidays & Tailor Made Trips|first=Discover the|last=World|website=Discover the World}}</ref>
 
==Construction and layout==
[[File:Icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov in the Ross Sea, Antarctica from helicopter.OGG| 200pxupright|thumb|left|[[Icebreaker]] ''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' in the [[Ross Sea]]]]
A polar-class icebreaker, combining power and technology with creature comforts, ''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' was originally designed for the rigors of the [[Arctic Ocean]].<ref name=Quark/> The vessel has twin decks with superstructure and engine room in the middle, an icebreaker bow and transom stern.<ref name=FescoFleetKhlebnikov/> The stern region is cushioned to allow for the close towing of other vessels when helping them through the ice.
 
Passenger accommodation is in 54 cabins and suites, with 2 dining rooms, a lounge and bar. Facilities include a heated indoor swimming pool, exercise room and sauna, theatre-style auditorium and shop. The library has a collection of polar-themed books.<ref name=Quark/>
 
The double hull has water ballast between, with pumps that can move ballast water at up to 74 tonnes a minute to aid ice breaking. The hull thickness is {{convert|45&nbsp;|mm}} at the ice skirt and 25–35&nbsp;{{convert|25|–|35|mm}} elsewhere. Friction between the ship and the ice is reduced by a polymer-paint coating at the level of the ice skirt. An air bubbling system helps ice breaking. Air can be forced under pressure from {{convert|2&nbsp;|m}} above the keel from the bow to halfway down the ship.<ref name=Cool/>
 
==Service==
[[File:2007 Snow-Hill-Island Luyten-De-Hauwere-Explorers-02.jpg|thumb|left|Icebreaker ''Kapitan Khlebnikov'' in the Arctic]]
 
In addition to [[Chartering (shipping)|charters]] for scientific missions, and for supplying mines and other resource exploitation industries, the vessel is chartered for adventure cruises.<ref name="AdventureCruise">{{Cite news |last=Stephen Hartshorne |year=2008 |title=Sailing the Historic Northwest Passage in a Polar-Class Icebreaker |url=http://www.gonomad.com/tours/0612/northwestpassage.html |access-date=4 March 2008 |publisher=Go Nomad}}</ref>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.gonomad.com/tours/0612/northwestpassage.html
| title=Sailing the Historic Northwest Passage in a Polar-Class Icebreaker
| publisher=Go Nomad
| author=Stephen Hartshorne
| year=2008
| accessdate=4 March 2008
| quote=
}}</ref>
 
==Stuck in the ice==
In November 2009, the vessel was trapped in Antarctic ice in a bay near to [[Snow Hill Island]].<ref name="TheGuardian2009-11-17">{{Cite news |last=Haroon Siddique |author-link=Haroon Siddique |date=17 November 2009 |title=Ship heads for port after being stranded in Antarctic ice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/17/antarctica-stranded-ship-port-argentina |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121024122/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/17/antarctica-stranded-ship-port-argentina |archive-date=21 November 2009 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
''[[The Guardian]]'' reports that 101 passengers, mainly [[United Kingdom]] citizens, were among the 184 trapped ship's complement. The excursion was called the "Emperor Penguin Safari", and was arranged by an [[adventure travel]] firm called Exodus.<ref name="CanadaCom2009-11-17">{{Cite news |date=17 November 2009 |title='Penguin tourists' trapped by Antarctic sea ice Icebreaker's owner says 100 passengers need not worry |url=http://www.canada.com/travel/Penguin+tourists+trapped+Antarctic/2232077/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119214039/http://www.canada.com/travel/Penguin+tourists+trapped+Antarctic/2232077/story.html |archive-date=19 November 2009 |publisher=[[Canada.com]]}}</ref> Three of the UK passengers were a ''[[BBC]]'' film crew, working on a documentary, entitled ''[[Frozen Planet]]''. The ship was placed a few days behind schedule but not endangered.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2009 |title=Ice-trapped Britons on move again |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8364424.stm |access-date=17 November 2009 |work=BBC News Online}}</ref>
{{cite news
| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/17/antarctica-stranded-ship-port-argentina
| title=Ship heads for port after being stranded in Antarctic ice
| work=[[The Guardian]]
| date=17 November 2009
| author=Haroon Siddique
| author-link=Haroon Siddique
| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fnov%2F17%2Fantarctica-stranded-ship-port-argentina&date=2009-11-18
| archivedate=18 November 2009
}}</ref>
''[[The Guardian]]'' reports that 101 passengers, mainly [[United Kingdom]] citizens, were among the 184 trapped ship's complement. The excursion was called the ''"Emperor Penguin Safari"'', and was arranged by an [[adventure travel]] firm called "Exodus".<ref name=CanadaCom2009-11-17>
{{cite news
| url=http://www.canada.com/travel/Penguin+tourists+trapped+Antarctic/2232077/story.html
| title='Penguin tourists' trapped by Antarctic sea ice Icebreaker's owner says 100 passengers need not worry
| publisher=[[Canada.com]]
| date=17 November 2009
| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftravel%2FPenguin%2Btourists%2Btrapped%2BAntarctic%2F2232077%2Fstory.html&date=2009-11-18
| archivedate=18 November 2009
}}</ref> Three of the UK passengers were a ''[[BBC]]'' film crew, working on a documentary, entitled ''"[[Frozen Planet]]"''. The ship was placed a few days behind schedule but not endangered.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8364424.stm|title=Ice-trapped Britons on move again|date=17 November 2009|accessdate=17 November 2009|work=BBC News Online}}</ref>
 
==See also==
She is one of four large icebreakers operated by the [[Far East Shipping Company]], alongside:
*''[[Icebreaker Admiral Makarov]]''
*''[[Icebreaker Magadan]]''
Line 156 ⟶ 126:
*{{commons category-inline|Kapitan Khlebnikov (ship, 1981)}}
* [http://www.quarkexpeditions.com/en/our-ships/kapitan-khlebnikov General information on the Kapitan Khlebnikov at Quark Expeditions]
*{{citeCite news| |last = Hughes| |first = Peter |date=10 February 2007 |title = ''The last continent''| publisher = [[The Daily Telegraph]]| date =10 February 2007| url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/02/10/stant10.xml&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080219070634/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/02/10/stant10.xml&page=1| url-status = dead| archive-date = 19 February 2008 | accessdate access-date= 23 February 2007 |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}} - Hughes describes his journey on the ''Kapitan Khlebnikov''
* [https://travelwild.com/cruises/ships/kapitan-khlebnikov/ TravelWild Expeditions]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitan_Khlebnikov_(icebreaker)] Informal tour of the ship, hosted by Canadian musician Danny Michel.
 
[[Category:Icebreakers of Russia]]
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