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Ingjald: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia

Ingjald: Difference between revisions

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{{For|other people with the same name|Ingeldaz (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Semi-legendary Swedish king}}
{{For|other people with the same name|Ingeldaz (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Legendary King of Sweden}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = [[Legendary King of Sweden]]
| image =
| caption =
| reign = c. 674-685
| coronation =
| full name = “Ingjald Onundsson”
| predecessor = [[Anund]]
| successor = [[Ivar Vidfamne]]
| spouse = [[Gauthild Algautsdóttir]]
| issue = [[Olof Trätälja]], Åsa, [[Sigurd Ring]]
| issue-link = #Issue
| house = [[House of Yngling]]
| house-type = Dynasty
| father = [[Anund]]
| mother =
| birth_date = {{circa}} 660
| birth_place = [[Gamla Uppsala]], [[Sweden]]
| death_date = {{circa}} 685 (25 years)
| death_place = Raening, Tosterön, [[Sweden]] (suicide be burning)
| date of burial =
| place of burial = none, because Ingjald was burned
|}}
[[File:Konung Ingjald Illråda bränner upp 6 Fylkiskonungar by Hugo Hamilton.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Ingjald centralizing Sweden]]
'''Ingjald illråde''' or Ingjaldr hinn illráði (''Ingold Illruler'' or ''Illready'') was a [[List of legendary kings of Sweden|semi-legendary Swedish king]] of the [[House of Yngling]]s, who had a evil heart, son and successor of King [[Anund]],<ref name="Hans Gillingstam">{{citation |author=Hans Gillingstam |contribution=Ingjald Illråde|title=[[Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon]] | volume=20 |year=1973–1975 }}</ref> and the father and predecessor of King [[Olof Trätälja]]. As with many of the 5th-7th century [[Yngling|Yngling Kings]] of [[Sweden]], his historicity is contested. {{fact|date=April 2021}}
 
Ingjald is mentioned in medieval historiographical sources including ''[[Ynglinga saga]]'', ''[[Historia Norvegiæ]]'', ''[[Hervarar saga]]'', ''[[Upplendinga Konungum]]'', ''[[Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar]]'' and ''[[Íslendingabók]]''. The setting of ''Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar'' is roughly the 7th century. [[Johannes Magnus]] in his 16th-century list of kings places Ingjald (''Ingevallus, Ingellus'') in AD 883. {{fact|date=April 2021}}
 
== ''Ynglinga saga'' ==
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The ''Ynglinga saga'', a part of the ''[[Heimskringla]]'' relates that the [[viceroy]] of [[Fjädrundaland]] was named Ingvar and he had two sons, Alf and Agnar, who were of the same age as Ingjald. Svipdag the Blind was the viceroy of [[Tiundaland]], the province of [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]] where the [[Thing (assembly)|Tings]] and the [[Yule]] (Midwinter) sacrifices were held (see the [[Temple at Uppsala]]).
 
One midwinter, when Ingjald and Alf were six years old, many people had assembled at [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]] for the sacrifices. Alf and Ingjald played, but Ingjald found that he was the weaker boy and became so angry that he almost started to cry (which was strange because people named Ingjald were known to be stronger than average). His foster-brother Gautvid led him to his foster-father Svipdag the Blind and told Svipdag about Ingjald's lack of manliness and strength. Svipdag said that it was a shame and the next day he gave Ingjald a roasted wolf's heart to eat. From that day, Ingjald became a very ferocious person and had a bad disposition and breath.{{cn|date=April 2021}}
 
[[Anund]] arranged a marriage for his son Ingjald with [[Gauthildr Algautsdóttir|Gauthild]], the daughter of the [[Geatish king]] [[Algaut]], who was the son of [[Gautrek]] the Mild and the grandson of [[Gaut]]. Gautrek consented as he believed that Ingjald had inherited his father's disposition. Gauthild's maternal grandfather was [[King of Nerike|Olof the Sharp-sighted]], the king of [[Närke]].
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[[Snorri Sturluson]] relates that when his father Anund had died, Ingjald became the king of Sweden. The kings at [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]] were the foremost among the kings of the various provinces since [[Odin]] ruled the country, and they were the supreme chiefs of the other kingdoms since the death of [[Agne]] and Sweden was divided between [[Erik and Alrik]]. The descendants of these two kings had spread, cleared land and settled new territories, until there were several petty kings.
 
In honour of his own ascendance to the throne, Ingjald invited the kings, the [[Jarl (title)|jarls]] and other important men to a grand feast in a newly built [[hall]], just as large and sumptuous as the one in Uppsala. It was called the hall of the seven kings and had seven high seats. [[Algaut]] the [[Geatish king]] of [[West Götaland]], King Ingvar of [[Fjädrundaland]] with his two sons Agnar and Alf, King [[Sporsnjall]] of [[Nerike]] and King Sigvat of [[Attundaland]] came, but not King [[Granmar]] of [[Södermanland]]. The kings filled all seven seats but one. All the prominent people of Sweden had seats, except for Ingjald's own court whom he had sent to his old hall in Uppsala.
 
According to the custom of the time, for those who inherited kings and jarls, Ingjald rested at the footstool until the [[Bragarfull|Bragebeaker]] was brought in. Then he was supposed to stand up, take the beaker and make solemn vows, after which he would ascend his father's high seat. However, when the beaker was brought in, he took a bull's horn and made the solemn vow that he would enlarge his own kingdom by half towards all the four-quarters, towards which he pointed his horn, or die.
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:sínu fjörvi
:frœknu fyrstr
:um fara vildi.[http://www.heimskringla.no/original/heimskringla/ynglingasaga.php] {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20051231070651/http://www.heimskringla.no/original/heimskringla/ynglingasaga.php] |date=2005-12-31 }}
|
:With fiery feet devouring flame
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== Archaeological Evidence ==
Rällinge is hill fort in Raä Helgarö 32:1, Helgarö parish, [[Södermanland]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=L1985:9523 Fornborg Fornlämning|url=https://app.raa.se/open/fornsok/lamning/298e00f9-1369-428d-9b1b-2f031a5f599b|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-07|website=Riksantikvarieämbetet fornsök}}</ref> that has small ramparts near [[Lake Mälaren]] that is thought to be a misinterpretation or incorrect spelling for the hill fort Ræning of the sagas. According to Nordic legends, Ræning was the place where Ingjald and his daughter [[Åsa of Skåne|Åsa]] had both met their ends at the hands of the semi-legendary [[Ivar Vidfamne]]. Throughout the last century thermoluminescence dating has found evidence of a burning that happened at the Rällinge hill fort from the supposed time of Ingjald's demise (600-650 A.D.). Moreover, the dating of the fort burning and heating does not contradict assumptions about where and when Ingjald was arsonedburned to death.<ref>Kresten, P (editor) and Kresten, P (Translator) (2001) ''Fornvännen'' </ref>
 
[[File:Tumulus of Ingold Illready 2019 (2).jpg|thumb|Royal [[tumulus|barrow]] at Kråktorp, near [[Vårfruberga Abbey]], named for Ingjald (as is a road leading to it) and traditionally, though not reliably, identified as his grave.]]
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{{authority control}}
 
[[Category:7th-century rulersmonarchs in Europe]]
[[Category:People whose existence is disputed]]
[[Category:Semi-legendary kings of Sweden]]