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Rapid decompression can be much more dangerous than vacuum exposure itself. Even if the victim does not hold his or her breath, venting through the windpipe may be too slow to prevent the fatal rupture of the delicate [[Pulmonary alveolus|alveoli]] of the [[lung]]s.<ref name="harding" /> [[Eardrum]]s and sinuses may be ruptured by rapid decompression, soft tissues may bruise and seep blood, and the stress of shock will accelerate oxygen consumption leading to hypoxia.<ref name="Landis Ebullism">{{cite web| author=Czarnik, Tamarack R.| date=1999|website=unpublished review by Landis, Geoffrey A. | title=EBULLISM AT 1 MILLION FEET: Surviving Rapid/Explosive Decompression | url=http://www.geoffreylandis.com/ebullism.html | publisher= geoffreylandis}}</ref> Injuries caused by rapid decompression are called [[barotrauma]]. A pressure drop of 13 kPa (100 Torr), which produces no symptoms if it is gradual, may be fatal if it occurs suddenly.<ref name="harding" />
Some [[extremophile]] [[microorganisms]], such as [[tardigrade]]s, can survive vacuum conditions for periods of days or weeks.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit | journal = Current Biology | date = 9 September 2008 |author = Jönsson, K. Ingemar | author2 = Rabbow, Elke | author3 = Schill, Ralph O. | author4 = Harms-Ringdahl, Mats | author5 = Rettberg, Petra | name-list-style = amp | volume = 18 | issue = 17 | pages = R729–R731| doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.048 | pmid=18786368| s2cid = 8566993 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2008CBio...18.R729J }}</ref>
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