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{{short description|Comic album by Belgian cartoonist Hergé}}
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'''''The Castafiore Emerald''''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|'''Les Bijoux de la Castafiore'''}}) is the twenty-first volume of ''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'', the comics series by Belgian cartoonist [[Hergé]]. It was serialised weekly from July 1961 to September 1962 in ''[[Tintin (magazine)|Tintin]]'' magazine. In contrast to the previous Tintin books, Hergé deliberately broke the adventure formula he had created: it is the only book in the series where the characters remain at [[Marlinspike Hall]], [[Captain Haddock]]'s family estate, and neither travel abroad nor confront dangerous criminals. The plot concerns the visit of the opera singer [[Bianca Castafiore]] and the subsequent theft of her emerald.
 
Although ''The Castafiore Emerald'' received critical acclaim for makingits humorous depiction of its characters followfollowing a leadtrail of false[[red trailsherrings]], it wasfailed notto amatch the commercial success of previous volumes due to the experimental nature of its narrative. It was published as a book by [[Casterman]] shortly after its conclusion. Hergé continued ''The Adventures of Tintin'' with ''[[Flight 714 to Sydney]]'', while the series itself became a defining part of the [[Franco-Belgian comics|Franco-Belgian comics tradition]]. The story was adapted for both the 1991 [[Ellipse Programmé|Ellipse]]/[[Nelvana]] animated series ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' byand the 1992–93 [[EllipseBBC ProgramméRadio 5 (former)|Ellipse]]BBC andRadio [[Nelvana5]] dramatisation of the ''Adventures''.▼
In contrast to the previous Tintin books, Hergé deliberately broke the adventure formula he had created. It is the only book in the Tintin series where the characters remain at home in [[Marlinspike Hall]], [[Captain Haddock]]'s family estate in Belgium, and do not travel abroad or confront dangerous criminals. The plot concerns the visit of the opera singer [[Bianca Castafiore]] and the subsequent theft of her emerald.
 
▲Although ''The Castafiore Emerald'' received critical acclaim for making its characters follow a lead of false trails, it was not a commercial success due to the experimental nature of its narrative. It was published as a book by [[Casterman]] shortly after its conclusion. Hergé continued ''The Adventures of Tintin'' with ''[[Flight 714 to Sydney]]'', while the series itself became a defining part of the [[Franco-Belgian comics|Franco-Belgian comics tradition]]. The story was adapted for the 1991 animated series ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' by [[Ellipse Programmé|Ellipse]] and [[Nelvana]].
 
== Synopsis ==
[[Tintin (character)|Tintin]] and [[Captain Haddock]] are walking through the countryside of the fictional town of [[List of The Adventures of Tintin locations#Alphabetical list|MarlinshireMarlinspike]] when they come across a [[Romani people|Romani]] community camped in a [[garbage dump]], and reunite a lost little girl named Miarka with her family there. The Romani explain that they are not allowed to camp anywhere else so Haddock invites them to the grounds of his estate, [[Marlinspike Hall]].{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|pp=1–4}}
 
Haddock has been trying to get the local stonemason Arthur Bolt to fix a broken step at Marlinspike, but he is never available. Milanese[[Milan]]ese opera diva [[Bianca Castafiore]] invites herself to Marlinspike Hall. Haddock, who dislikes her company, tries to leave before she arrives but trips on the broken step and sprains his ankle. The doctor puts his foot in a cast and imposes bed rest. Castafiore then arrives with her maid, Irma, and pianist, Igor Wagner. Castafiore presents Haddock with a pet parrot and fusses over him, to his great discomfort.{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|pp=5–10}}
 
The magazine ''Paris Flash'' claim that Haddock and Castafiore are engaged, on the basis of a misinterpreted interview with [[Professor Calculus]]. This results in an avalanche of congratulations from Haddock's friends. A television crew come to Marlinspike Hall to interview Castafiore and a mysterious photographer, Gino, appears with the crew. Suddenly, Irma informs Castafiore that her jewels have been stolen, and Tintin suspects Gino who runs away during a temporary [[Power outage|power cut]]. Castafiore, however, finds the jewel-case which she herself had misplaced. The next day, an angry Castafiore shows Tintin and Haddock a copy of the magazine ''Tempo di Roma'' with a picture of Castafiore taken at Marlinspike Hall without her permission, proving that Gino was only a [[paparazzi|paparazzo]].{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|pp=11–42}}
 
A few days later, Castafiore's most valuable jewel, an emerald given to her by the fictional [[The Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko#The Valley of the Cobras|Maharajah of Gopal]], goes missing. After initially questioning Irma, Nestor and Calculus, the detectives [[Thomson and Thompson]] suspect the Romani. Their suspicions are heightened when they find that a pair of golden scissors belonging to Irma in Miarka's possession, though she claims to have found them. After the Romani depart, the police start looking for them. Tintin also investigates Igor Wagner, whose behaviour he finds suspicious, but finds out that the musician is simply sneaking out to indulge in a [[Gambling#Parimutuel betting|horse-gambling]] habit.{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|pp=43–55}}
 
Castafiore leaves for Milan to perform in the opera ''[[La gazza ladra]]'' (Italian: ''The Thieving [[Magpie]]''). Tintin realises that the true culprit responsible for the theft of the emerald and the scissors is a [[magpie]]. He explains to Haddock that the scissors must have fallen out of the nest only to be found by Miarka. Tintin retrieves the emerald and hands it to Thomson and Thompson, forwho returningreturn it to Castafiore. Sometime later, Bolt mends the broken step, only for Haddock to inadvertently step on it and slip again while the cement is still wet.{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|pp=56–62}}
 
== History ==
 
=== Background ===
{{quote box
| quote = "When I began this book, my aim was to tell a story where nothing happened. Without resorting to anything exotic (except the gipsies {{sic}}). I wanted simply to see if I could keep the reader in suspense until the end.".
| source = — [[Hergé]] in an interview with [[Numa Sadoul]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Sadoul|1y=1975|1p=70|2a1=Peeters|2y=1989|2p=115|3a1=Farr|3y=2001|3p=176}}
| align = right
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}}
 
Following the culmination of the previous story, ''[[Tintin in Tibet]]'' (1960), Hergé began planning his next adventure, seeking advice from the cartoonist [[Greg (cartoonist)|Greg]]. Greg produced two plot outlines, ''Les Pilulues'' ("The Pills") and ''[[Le Thermozéro|Tintin et le Thermozéro]]'' ("Tintin and the Thermozero"). Hergé began drawing the latter of these stories, but soon abandoned it.{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|pp=285–287}} Instead, he decided to set his new ''Adventure'' entirely at Marlinspike Hall, the only instalmentinstallment in the series to do this.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|pp=168, 171}} This was the first and last adventure after ''[[The Secret of the Unicorn]]'' (1943) to be set entirely in Belgium,{{Sfn|Thompson|1991|p=113}} and he admitted that with his proposed scenario, it was difficult "to create suspense, a semblance of danger.".{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|p=287}} The titles that Hergé had previously considered for the book were: ''The Castafiore Affair'', ''Castafiore's Sapphire'', ''The Castafiore Jewels'' and ''The Captain and the Nightingale'', but ''The Castafiore Emerald'' eventually emerged as the favourite.{{Sfn|Assouline|2009|p=195}}
 
Hergé's depiction of Bianca Castafiore in the story – a famous opera singer, pursued by the press, and changing her outfit for every occasion – was influenced by the life of the opera singer [[Maria Callas]].{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=172}} One of the new characters that Hergé introduced into the story was the stonemason Arthur Bolt (M. Boullu in the original French version), whose characterisation was based on a real individual who worked for Hergé.{{Sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=183|2a1=Farr|2y=2001|2p=171}} Hergé's depiction of the [[paparazzi]] within the story may have been influenced by his own repeat encounters with the press throughout his career.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=172}} The reporter and the photographer, Christopher Willoughby-Droupe and Marco Rizotto (Jean-Loup de la Battelerie and Walter Rizotto respectively in the original French version) of the ''Paris Flash'', are introduced into the series here, and would later be retroactively added into a re-drawing of ''[[The Black Island]]'' (1938) by [[Bob de Moor]], also making a reappearance in ''[[Tintin and the Picaros]]'' (1976).{{Sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=172|2a1=Lofficier|2a2=Lofficier|2y=2002|2p=77}}{{efn|The duo are unnamed in ''The Black Island'',{{Sfn|Hergé|1975|p=61}} with their names revealed by Castafiore in ''The Castafiore Emerald''.{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|p=22}}}} The idea of having a proposed marriage between Castafiore and Haddock was based on a reader's suggestion that Haddock marry.{{Sfn|Goddin|2011|p=123}}
 
[[File:Cheverny 01.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Château de Cheverny]] in [[France]] was used as the basis for Haddock's family estate, [[Marlinspike Hall]] or Moulinsart in the original French version.{{Sfnm|1a1=Peeters|1y=1989|1p=76|2a1=Thompson|2y=1991|2p=115|3a1=Farr|3y=2001|3p=106|4a1=Lofficier|4a2=Lofficier|4y=2002|4p=53}}]]
On page 17 of the book, Jolyon Wagg mentions Castafiore's Emerald to be a gift from, in his own words, "some character, Marjorie something or other...", to which Castafiore corrects Wagg by saying it was from the Maharajah of Gopal.{{Sfn|Hergé|1963|p=17}} The Maharajah of Gopal does not make an appearance in ''The Adventures of Tintin'', but is one of the main characters in ''[[Jo, Zette and Jocko#The Valley of the Cobras|The Valley of the Cobras]]'' (1956), which is a part of another [[Franco-Belgian comics]] series created by Hergé, ''[[Jo, Zette and Jocko|The Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko]]'' (1935–1958).{{Sfnm|1a1=Thompson|1y=1991|1p=184|2a1=Farr|2y=2007|2p=72}} Hergé also introduced the [[Romani people]], members of whose community had previously appeared in ''[[Jo, Zette and Jocko#The Stratoship H-22|Destination New York]]'' (1951), another book from ''The Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko''.{{Sfn|Matras|2015|p=204}} The idea of including them in the story was inspired by an occasion on which Hergé came across a Romani gypsy camp near to his country home in Céroux-Mousty.{{Sfn|Goddin|2011|p=121}} To ensure that his depiction of them had some accuracy, he approached Father Rupert in [[Verviers]], who had some experience with the community, reassuring him that "Thethe episode with the Romas will not pain you". {{Sfn|Goddin|2011|p=125}}
 
''The Castafiore Emerald'' was also one of the few instances of romance seen in ''The Adventures of Tintin'', which begins when Calculus breeds a new variety of white-coloured roses, and names it "Bianca" in honour of Castafiore. At her departure, Calculus presents a bouquet of the roses he created to Castafiore, who happily receives them and embraces Calculus, kissing him in the process. Unlike Haddock, who resents being kissed by Castafiore, Calculus willingly accepts it and blushes.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=176}} Calculus also makes an imperfect attempt at [[colour television]], which according to [[Michael Farr]], was "some five years ahead of its day.".{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=176}}
 
=== Influences ===
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The book alludes to the well-known French weekly ''[[Paris Match]]'' in its depiction of the reporters from the magazine ''Paris Flash'' and jibes at its reputation for the questionable accuracy of the articles.{{Sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=172|2a1=Lofficier|2a2=Lofficier|2y=2002|2p=77}} Hergé's use of the word ''Paris Flash'' is also based on a previous encounter of his with the ''Paris Match'' when it featured an "error-ridden" article on him.{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=78}} It also mentions a fashion designing company named Tristan Bior, based upon the French [[luxury goods]] company, [[Christian Dior]].{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=172}} Andy (André in the original French version), the director of the television crew belonging to the fictional company, Supavision, was compared by Farr to an employee of Belgian Television, Jacques Cogniaux.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=175}} In a tribute to [[Auguste Piccard]], Calculus' model in real life, Castafiore greets him as a famous balloonist.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|pp=175–176}}
Hergé also inserted references to previous stories in the narrative; he included the three models of the ''[[Unicorn (shipTintin)|Unicorn]]'', originally featured in ''The Secret of the Unicorn'', in a background scene at Marlinspike Hall.{{Sfn|Thompson|1991|p=184}}
 
=== Publication ===
''The Castafiore Emerald'' was serialised weekly from 4 July 1961 to 4 September 1962 in ''[[Tintin (magazine)|Tintin]]'' magazine and published in book form as ''Les Bijoux de la Castafiore'' by Casterman in 1963.{{Sfnm|1a1=Farr|1y=2001|1p=175|2a1=Lofficier|2a2=Lofficier|2y=2002|2p=76}} For the English version of the book, the [[gramophone record]] that Tintin receives from Castafiore, which is the "Jewel Song" from [[Charles Gounod]]'s ''[[Faust (opera)|Faust]]'', is titled "Margarethe", the name by which Gounod's opera is known in Germany but not in England.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=175}}
 
''The Castafiore Emerald'' was the first book in ''The Adventures of Tintin'' that was published in England the same year {{mdashsnd}} 1963 {{mdashsnd}} it was published in Belgium and [[France]].{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=175}} When Hergé read the English version of the book,{{efn|Stated by [[Pierre Assouline]] as the "British edition".{{Sfn|Assouline|2009|p=196}}}} he found it to be "absolutely delirious" and even suggested to thetranslators book'sLeslie translator,Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner: "You really would think that this was originally written in English.".{{Sfn|Assouline|2009|p=196}} In the original French version, Calculus explains about his invention and ignores Haddock's attempt to refer to the latest developments of colour television in the [[United States]]. Thiswhen presenting his prototype; this isdoes not seenoccur in the English edition.{{Sfn|Farr|2001|p=176}}
 
== Critical analysis ==
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[[Jean-Marc Lofficier]] and Randy Lofficier, co-authors of the book, ''The Pocket Essential Tintin'', described Hergé's depiction of Castafiore in the story as "a force of nature", praising the way that he depicted her many outfit changes.{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=76}} They described Mr Bolt as being both a "[[Waiting for Godot|Godot-like character]]" and as being akin to [[Basil Fawlty]] from the British sitcom ''[[Fawlty Towers]]'', while adding that the broken step acts "like a Greek God's curse" in the story that affects everyone except Castafiore.{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|pp=76–77}}
They interpreted ''The Castafiore Emerald'' as Hergé's ''[[Nouveau Roman]]'', in which he realises that he cannot improve upon the standard set in ''Tintin in Tibet'' and thus decides to "deconstruct his own myth and create the antithesis of a ''Tintin'' adventure.".{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=77}} Given that accidents and bad luck befall most of the characters in the story, Lofficier and Lofficier described the story as "a comedy of errors, a wonderful tribute to [[Murphy's Law]].".{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|pp=77–78}} Ultimately, they awarded the story four stars out of five.{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=78}}
 
[[File:Benoit Peeters 20100329 Salon du livre de Paris 3.jpg|thumb|right|Hergé biographer [[Benoît Peeters]] ''(pictured, 2010)'' described ''The Castafiore Emerald'' as "the most surprising of Tintin's adventures".{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|p=287}}]]
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English screenwriter and author of ''Tintin: Hergé and his Creation'' (1991), [[Harry Thompson]] stated that in ''The Castafiore Emerald'', "everything is topsy-turvy", with obvious villains being shown to be harmless, and alleged crimes turning out to have not happened.{{Sfn|Thompson|1991|p=184}} He thought that Haddock was a clear parallel for Hergé himself in the story, representing his own desires and frustrations.{{Sfn|Thompson|1991|p=183}} Ultimately, he considered the volume to be "Hergé's masterpiece" when it came to technical issues, representing "the high tide of his creative abilities".{{Sfn|Thompson|1991|p=182}}
 
Hergé biographer [[Benoît Peeters]] described the story as "the most surprising of Tintin's adventures", with Hergé having been "determined to push his reexamination of the comic strip even further.".{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|p=287}} He noted that in the story, Castafiore's "dramatic femininity" disrupted the "idea of sociability" that pervaded Marlinspike, with its "proper respect of space, a form of harmony in independence".{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|p=287}} He added that "this casually alluring tale is one of the most subtly handled of the adventures; a riot of clues, both real and false, give ''The Castafiore Emerald'' an unequaled density",{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|pp=287–288}} elsewhere referring to it as "a catalogue of mishaps with nothing or no one spared".{{Sfn|Peeters|1989|p=116}}
He described it as having brought to the foreground the "anarchist and non-conformist tendencies of Hergé's work" which had previously been shown in ''[[Quick & Flupke]]''.{{Sfn|Peeters|1989|p=116}}
He also saw the book as being "a sort of flashback" for Hergé, allowing him to relive events from his own past; thus, Peeters thought that the constant renovations at Marlinspike represented the constant renovations at Hergé's country home of Céroux-Mousty, while Haddock's time in the wheelchair represented his former wife's Germaine time spent similarly disabled, and Castafiore was a parody of Germaine herself.{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|p=288}} Ultimately, he felt that the story – "the last great adventure of Tintin" – was "also a swan song", for Hergé "did not dare to continue down this path, where not all of his readers had followed him", and which had represented "a permanent loss of innocence.".{{Sfn|Peeters|2012|p=289}}
 
== Adaptations ==
In June 1970, a long article on ''The Castafiore Emerald'' by French philosopher and author, [[Michel Serres]], appeared in the literary review, ''Critique'', under the title, ''Les Bijoux distraits ou la cantatrice sauve''.{{Sfnm|1a1=Assouline|1y=2009|1p=196|2a1=Peeters|2y=2012|2p=369}}
 
In 1991, a collaboration between the French studio [[Ellipse Programme|Ellipse]] and the Canadian animation company [[Nelvana]] adapted 21 of the stories into a series of episodes, each 42 minutes long. ''The Castafiore Emerald'' was the eighteenthnineteenth story of ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' to be adapted. Directed by Stéphane Bernasconi, the series has been praised for being "generally faithful", with compositions having been actually directly taken from the panels in the original comic book.{{Sfn|Lofficier|Lofficier|2002|p=90}}
 
In 2015, the story was adapted into a [[ballad opera]], which premiered at [[Solvay Castle]] (''Château de La Hulpe''), in [[La Hulpe]], [[Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/Tintin/posts/les-bijoux-de-la-castafiore-the-castafiore-emeraldlyrical-comedy-based-on-the-wo/10152836802886500/ |title=Archived copy |website=[[Facebook]] |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107103854/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FTintin%2Fposts%2Fles-bijoux-de-la-castafiore-the-castafiore-emeraldlyrical-comedy-based-on-the-wo%2F10152836802886500%2F |url-status=live }}</ref> The cast included Michel de Warzee as Captain Haddock, Hélène Bernardy as Castafiore, and Amani Picci as Tintin.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34290184|title = Tintin adventure in operatic makeover|publisher = BBC News|date = 18 September 2015|access-date = 12 May 2020|archive-date = 15 January 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210115204929/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34290184|url-status = live}}</ref>
 
== References ==
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=== Footnotes ===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite book |title=Hergé, the Man Who Created Tintin |last=Assouline |first=Pierre |authorlinkauthor-link=Pierre Assouline |others=Charles Ruas (translator) |year=2009 |origyearorig-year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=978-0-19-539759-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsyEMjvdYJgC |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429072438/https://books.google.com/books?id=YsyEMjvdYJgC |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin: The Complete Companion |last=Farr |first=Michael |authorlinkauthor-link=Michael Farr |year=2001 |publisher=John Murray |location=London |isbn=978-0-7195-5522-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcytngEACAAJ |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510195838/https://books.google.com/books?id=DcytngEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin & Co |last=Farr |first=Michael |year=2007 |publisher=[[Egmont Group|Egmont]] |location=London |url=https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=NFqrJQAACAAJ |isbn=978-1-4052-3264-7 |refaccess-date=harv26 September 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107103854/https://books.google.com/books?id=NFqrJQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume 3: 1950-1983 |last=Goddin |first=Philippe |authorlinkauthor-link=Philippe Goddin |others=Michael Farr (translator) |year=2011 |publisher=Last Gasp |location=San Francisco |isbn=978-0-8671-9763-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dk4CaAEACAAJ&source |access-date=gbs_book_other_versions7 July 2016 |refarchive-date=harv6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506124658/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dk4CaAEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=The Castafiore Emerald |last=Hergé |authorlinkauthor-link=Hergé |others=Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner (translators) |year=1963 |publisher=Egmont |location=London |isbn=978-1-4352-2975-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aog7NQAACAAJ |refaccess-date=harv18 February 2015 |archive-date=11 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411223722/https://books.google.com/books?id=Aog7NQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=The Black Island |last=Hergé |others=Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner (translators) |year=1975 |publisher=Mammoth |location=London |isbn=978-0-3163-5835-4 |url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=U0CnBQAAQBAJ }}{{Dead link|refdate=harvApril 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book |title=The Pocket Essential Tintin |last1=Lofficier |first1=Jean-Marc |last2=Lofficier |first2=Randy |authorlink1author-link1=Jean-Marc Lofficier |year=2002 |publisher=Pocket Essentials |location=Harpenden, Hertfordshire |isbn=978-1-904048-17-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kburngEACAAJ |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501171403/https://books.google.com/books?id=kburngEACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=The Romani Gypsies |publisher=Harvard University Press |first=Yaron |last=Matras |year=2015 |location=Harvard |isbn=978-0-6743-6838-5 |url=https://books.google.cocom/books?id=YfQ9BQAAQBAJ |access-date=26 September 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.ukorg/web/20211107103854/https://books.google.com/books?id=YfQ9BQAAQBAJ |refurl-status=harvlive }}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin and the World of Hergé |last=Peeters |first=Benoît |authorlinkauthor-link=Benoît Peeters |year=1989 |publisher=Methuen Children's Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-416-14882-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P97GQgAACAAJ |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=4 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604011458/https://books.google.com/books?id=P97GQgAACAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=Hergé: Son of Tintin |last=Peeters |first=Benoît |authorlinkauthor-link=Benoît Peeters |others=Tina A. Kover (translator) |year=2012 |origyearorig-year=2002 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland |isbn=978-1-4214-0454-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS5v-F04AoQC |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626081717/https://books.google.com/books?id=eS5v-F04AoQC |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin et moi: entretiens avec Hergé |trans-title=Tintin and I: Interviews with Hergé |language=Frenchfr |last=Sadoul |first=Numa |authorlinkauthor-link=Numa Sadoul |year=1975 |publisher=Casterman |location=Tournai |isbn=978-2-08-080052-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4knAQAAIAAJ |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=15 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515140420/https://books.google.com/books?id=O4knAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=Tintin: Hergé and his Creation |last=Thompson |first=Harry |authorlinkauthor-link=Harry Thompson |year=1991 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |isbn=978-0-340-52393-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDX5TmISfYUC |refaccess-date=harv7 July 2016 |archive-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529090431/https://books.google.com/books?id=NDX5TmISfYUC |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}
 
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* [http://www.tintinologist.org/guides/books/21castafiore.html ''The Castafiore Emerald''] at Tintinologist.org
 
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{{Tintin and Hergé}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Castafiore Emerald, The}}
[[Category:1963 graphic novels]]
[[Category:Fictional representations of Romani people]]▼
[[Category:Literature first published in serial form]]
[[Category:Methuen Publishing books]]▼
[[Category:Tintin books]]
[[Category:Works originally published in Tintin (magazine)]]
[[Category:LiteratureComics first publishedset in serialmansions and country formhouses]]
▲[[Category:Methuen Publishing books]]
▲[[Category:Fictional representations of Romani people]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Castafiore_Emerald"