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| Name = Color perception test
| Image = Ishihara 9.svg
| Caption = Example of an Ishihara color test plate. The number "74" should be clearly visible to viewers with normal color vision. Viewers with [[
| ICD10 =
| ICD9 = {{ICD9proc|95.06}}
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The '''Ishihara test''' is a [[color vision test]] for detection of
The test consists of a number of '''Ishihara plates''', which are a type of [[pseudoisochromatic plate]]. Each plate depicts a solid circle of colored dots appearing randomized in color and size.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kindel|first=Eric|title=Ishihara|url=http://www.eyemagazine.com/feature/article/ishihara|work=Eye Magazine|access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> Within the pattern are dots which form a number or shape clearly visible to those with normal color vision, and invisible, or difficult to see, to those with a
==Plates==
The plates make up several different test designs:<ref>{{cite web|last=Fluck|first=Daniel|title=Color Blindness Tests|url=http://www.color-blindness.com/2010/03/23/color-blindness-tests/|work=Colblinder|date=23 March 2010 |access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>▼
▲The plates make up several different test designs:<ref>{{cite web|last=Fluck|first=Daniel|title=Color Blindness Tests|url=http://www.color-blindness.com/2010/03/23/color-blindness-tests/|work=Colblinder|access-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
*'''Demonstration plates:''' (plate number one, typically the numeral "12"); designed to be visible by all persons, whether normal or color vision deficient. For demonstration purposes only, and usually not considered in making a score for screening purposes.
*'''Transformation plates:''' individuals with color vision defect should see a different figure from individuals with normal color vision.
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File:Ishihara 11.PNG|Ishihara Plate No. 13 (6)
File:Ishihara 23.PNG|Ishihara Plate No. 23 (42)
File:Ishihara 19.PNG|Ishihara Plate No. 29{{efn|name=plate29}} (a line can be traced by many of those with
</gallery>
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==Test procedures==
Being a printed plate, the accuracy of the test depends on using the proper lighting to illuminate the page. A "daylight" bulb illuminator is required to give the most accurate results, of around 6000–7000 K [[color temperature|temperature]] (ideal: 6500 K, Color Rendering Index (CRI) >90), and is required for military color vision screening policy.
Proper testing technique is to give only three seconds per plate for an answer, and not allow coaching, touching or tracing of the numbers by the subject. The test is best given in random sequence, if possible, to reduce the effectiveness of prior memorization of the answers by subjects.
Since its creation, the Ishihara Color Blindness Test has become commonly used worldwide because of its easy use and high accuracy. In recent years, the Ishihara test has become available online in addition to its original paper version.<ref name= >ChallengeTBIshihara{{
==Occupational screening==
The [[United States Navy]] uses the Ishihara plates (and alternatives) for color vision screening. The current passing score is
Research has shown that scores below twelve indicate color vision deficiency, and twelve or more correct indicate normal color vision, with 97% [[Sensitivity and specificity#Sensitivity|sensitivity]] and 100% [[Sensitivity and specificity#Specificity|specificity]]. The sensitivity of the Ishihara test varies by the number of plates allowed to pass, which can vary by institutional policy. Sensitivity also may be influenced by test administration (strength of lighting, time allowed to answer) and testing errors (coaching by administrators, smudges or marks made upon the plates). ==References==
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*[https://
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