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An entry about a work of fiction that has a pop-up book be a defining feature of its narrative, rather than just having a pop-up book exist in a work.
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[[File:PopupCinderella.gif|thumb|Demonstration of the action of a pop-up book.]]
 
A '''pop-up book''' is any book with [[three-dimensional space|three-dimensional]] pages, often with elements that ''pop up'' as a page is turned. The terminology serves as an [[umbrella term]] for '''movable book''', '''pop-ups''', '''tunnel books''', '''transformations''', '''volvelles''', '''flaps''', '''pull-tabs''', '''pop-outs''', '''pull-downs''', and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional [[greeting card]]s use the same principles.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pop-up books: a guide for teachers and librarians|last1=Bluemel |first1=Nancy |date=2012|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|last2=Taylor |first2= Rhonda Lynette Harris |isbn=9781591583981|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|oclc=758844521}}</ref>▼
A '''pop-up book''' is any book with [[three-dimensional space|three-dimensional]] pages, often with elements that ''pop up'' as a page is turned.
 
▲The terminology serves as an [[umbrella term]] for '''movable book''', '''pop-ups''', '''tunnel books''', '''transformations''', '''volvelles''', '''flaps''', '''pull-tabs''', '''pop-outs''', '''pull-downs''', and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional [[greeting card]]s use the same principles.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pop-up books: a guide for teachers and librarians|last1=Bluemel |first1=Nancy |date=2012|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|last2=Taylor |first2= Rhonda Lynette Harris |isbn=9781591583981|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|oclc=758844521}}</ref>
 
== Interactive and pop-up types ==
[[File:Popup-diagram.svg|thumb|A geometric diagram of the basic principle of a pop-up book: the [[parallelogram]].]]▼
Design and creation of such books in arts is sometimes called "paper engineering". This usage should not be confused with traditional [[paper engineering]], the engineering of systems to mass-produce paper products.
 
=== Animated books ===
Animated books combine three elements: story, colored illustrations which include text, and "two or more animated illustrations with their movement mechanisms working between a doubled page".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wehr|first1=Paul|title=Moving Illustrations: The Paper Engineering of Julian Wehr|url=http://www.wehranimations.com/moving.pdf|access-date=12 December 2016|page=2|date=September 17, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501150315/http://wehranimations.com/moving.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2016}}</ref> In 1938, [[Julian Wehr]]'s animations for children's books were patented as "moving illustrations" that move the picture up and down and horizontally at the same time with a single movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Guide to the Papers of Julian Wehr, 1885-2004, n.d. (bulk 1943-1949)Wehr, Julian, Papers12250|url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03967.xml|website=ead.lib.virginia.edu|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wehr|first1=Julian|title=Animated illustration|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US2384662#v=onepage&q&f=false|access-date=12 December 2016|date=1945}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wehr|first1=Julian|title=Moving illustration|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US2192763#v=onepage&q&f=false|access-date=12 December 2016|date=1940}}</ref>
 
=== Transformations ===
'''Transformations''' show a scene made up of vertical slats. When a reader pulls a tab on the side, the slats slide under and over one another to "transform" into a totally different scene. [[Ernest Nister]], one of the early English children's book authors, often produced books solely of transformations. Many of these have been reproduced by the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}}
 
=== Tunnel books= ==
[[File:Lane's Telescopic View - The Ceremony of Her Majesty Opening the Great Exhibition (open).jpg|thumb|upright|Tunnel book]]
 
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A selection of tunnel books by [[Carol Barton]] is archived in the special collections of [[Virginia Commonwealth University]]'s James Branch Cabell Library.
 
=== Volvelles= ==
{{main|Volvelle}}
'''Volvelles''' are paper constructions with rotating parts. An early example is the ''[[Astronomicum Caesareum]]'', by [[Petrus Apianus]], which was made for the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles]] in 1540. The book is full of nested circular pieces revolving on grommets.
 
=== Harlequinades and turn-up books= ==
[[File:1 Metamorphosis 1814 Benjamin Sands.jpg|thumb|Metamorphosis (a Harlequinades booklet), 1814 by Benjamin Sands]]
[[File:Comparison of two of Benjamin Sands' transformation books- Metamorphosis, oder, eine Verwandlung von Bildern mit poetischen Erklärungen zur Unterhaltung der Jungend (2919840061).jpg|thumb|Comparison of two of Benjamin Sands's transformation books: Metamorphosis]]
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Some of the first three-dimensional and tab activated books were produced by Ernest Nister and [[Lothar Meggendorfer]]. These books were popular in Germany and Britain during the 19th century.
 
▲[[File:Popup-diagram.svg|thumb|A geometric diagram of the basic principle of a pop-up book: the [[parallelogram]].]]
The great leap forward in the field of pop-up books came in 1929 with the publication of the ''Daily Express Children's Annual'' Number 1 "with pictures that spring up in model form". This was produced by Louis Giraud and Theodore Brown. Four more ''Daily Express Annuals'' followed and then Giraud setupset up his own publishing house, Strand Publications, this produced the groundbreaking series of Bookano books. The Bookano books are considered the first, true pop-up books for children because the pop-ups can be viewed from a full 360 degrees, not just the front side facing the viewer. There were seventeen Bookanos before the series came to an end with the death of Giraud in 1949.
 
In the United States, in the 1930s, Harold Lentz followed Giraud's lead with the production of the Blue Ribbon books in New York. He was the first publisher to use the term "pop-up" to describe their movable illustrations.<ref name=KingWSJ>Steven Miller, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125902884513660749 Waldo Hunt, 1920-2009; The 'King of the Pop-Ups' Made Books Spring to Life], ''The Wall Street Journal'', November 24, 2009.</ref><ref name=Montanaro>Ann Montanaro, [http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/libs/scua/montanar/p-intro.htm "A Concise History of Pop-up and Movable Books"], ''The Pop-up World of Ann Montanaro'' (exhibition), Rutgers University Libraries.</ref>
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==Notable works==
Some pop-up books receive attention as literary works for the degree of artistry or sophistication which they entail. OneThe example1967 isRandom House publication ''StarAndy Wars: A Pop-Up Guide to theWarhol's GalaxyIndex'', was produced by [[MatthewAndy ReinhartWarhol]]., ThisChris bookCerf receivedand literaryAlan attentionRinzler, forand itsincluded elaboratephotos of celebrities together with pop-ups,up andversions theof skillWarholesque ofimages itssuch imagery,as witha cardboard ''[[Thetin Newcan|can]] Yorkof [[tomato Timespaste]]'',<ref sayingname=KingWSJ/> thatas "callingwell thisas sophisticateda pieceplastic oftear-out engineeringrecording, aan inflatable silver balloon, and other novelties. Pop-up book artist [[Colette Fu]] designed China's largest pop-up book'. isIn like2008, callingshe thewas Greatawarded Walla Fulbright Fellowship to create pop-up books of the 25 ethnic minorities residing in Yunnan Province, China. aHer partition"work can be found in the [[Library of Congress]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]].<ref>[{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.nytimeswired.com/20072013/11/11/books/review/Poguean-t.html?_relaborate-pop-up-book-about-life-in-china/|title=1&ref=authors&oref=slogin "A GalaxyMind-Blowing in Your Face"], ''[[The New York TimesPop-Up Book Review]]'',Shows November 11, 2007, childrenChina's bookVanishing section.Tribes|last=Stinson|first=Liz|magazine=WIRED|access-date=2017-08-17|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
The 1967 Random House publication ''Andy Warhol's Index'', was produced by [[Andy Warhol]], Chris Cerf and Alan Rinzler, and included photos of celebrities together with pop-up versions of Warholesque images such as a cardboard [[tin can|can]] of [[tomato paste]],<ref name=KingWSJ/> as well as a plastic tear-out recording, an inflatable silver balloon, and other novelties.
 
Pop-up book artist [[Colette Fu]] designed China's largest pop-up book. In 2008, she was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to create pop-up books of the 25 ethnic minorities residing in Yunnan Province, China. Her work can be found in the [[Library of Congress]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/11/an-elaborate-pop-up-book-about-life-in-china/|title=A Mind-Blowing Pop-Up Book Shows China's Vanishing Tribes|last=Stinson|first=Liz|magazine=WIRED|access-date=2017-08-17|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
[[David A. Carter]], who created many bug themed pop-ups, and [[Robert Sabuda]] are other prominent pop-up book authors. ''Star Wars: A Pop-Up Guide to the Galaxy'', by [[Matthew Reinhart]]. This book received literary attention for its elaborate pop-ups, and the skill of its imagery, with ''[[The New York Times]]'' saying that "calling this sophisticated piece of engineering a 'pop-up book' is like calling the Great Wall of China a partition".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/books/review/Pogue-t.html?_r=1&ref=authors&oref=slogin "A Galaxy in Your Face"], ''[[The New York Times Book Review]]'', November 11, 2007, children's book section.</ref>
[[David A. Carter]], who created many bug themed pop-ups, and [[Robert Sabuda]] are other prominent pop-up book authors.
 
==Collections==
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==In popular culture==
* Mrs.The Kozlovascentral Pop-Upplot Book about London inof the film ''[[Paddington 2]]'' (2017) revolves around trying to retrieve 'Mrs. Kozlovas Pop-Up Book', a pop-up book containing clues that lead to a treasure.
* The children's animated television series ''[[Zack and Quack]]'' takes place in a world on the pages of a pop-up book. The nine-year-old boy Zack and his duck friend Quack go on adventures involving paper and pulling tabs to transform scenes.
 
== See also ==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-up_book"