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{{about|a current city|a former town|Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)}}
{{Infobox
|
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| other_name =
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline = Kirishima montage.png
| image_size =
| image_caption = From top left: [[Kirishima-Jingū|Kirishima shrine]], [[Uenohara site]], [[Mount Kirishima]] from Maruoka, Producing [[black vinegar]] at Fukuyama, Ryokukeitouen of Eino-o Onsen, [[Kagoshima Airport]]
| image_flag = Flag of Kirishima, Kagoshima.svg
| image_seal = Emblem of Kirishima, Kagoshima.svg
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map= {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| image_map1 = Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Kirishima in Kagoshima Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan#Japan Kagoshima Prefecture
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Japan##Location of Kirishima in [[Kagoshima Prefecture]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31|44|28|N|130|45|48|E|region:JP-46|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{JPN}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kyūshū]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{Flag|Kagoshima}}
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Shin'ichi Nakashige
<!-- area -->
| area_total_km2 = 603.71
<!-- population -->
| population_total = 123,640
| population_as_of = May 1, 2024
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
| utc_offset1 = +09:00
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 899-4394
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = Phone number
| blank_info_sec1 = 0995-45-5111
| blank1_name_sec1 = Address
| blank1_info_sec1 = 3-45-1 Kokubuchūō, Kirishima-shi, Kagoshima-ken
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website = {{Official|1=https://www.city-kirishima.jp/}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = ''[[Ilex rotunda]]''<br>''[[Maple|Acer]]''
| flower = ''[[Rhododendron kiusianum]]''<br>''[[Nicotiana × sanderae]]''
| bird =
| flowering_tree =
| butterfly =
| fish =
| other_symbols =
}}
}}
[[File:ISS034-E-027139.jpg|thumb|right|300px|An image taken from the International Space Station showing Kirishima and its surroundings on January 10, 2013]]
[[file:Kirishima City Hall.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Kirishima City Hall]]
{{Nihongo|'''Kirishima'''|
==Geography==
Kirishima is located in central Kagoshima Prefecture, facing [[Kagoshima Bay]] to the south and bordered by the volcanic [[Mount Kirishima|Kirishima Mountains]] to the east. Parts of the city are within the borders of the [[Kirishima-Yaku National Park]].
*Mountains
**[[Mount Kirishima]] (see [[List of volcanoes in Japan]])
**Takachiho no-mine
**[[Shinmoedake]]
**Karakuni dake
**Eboshi dake
==
*[[Satsumasendai, Kagoshima|
==
Kirishima has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with hot summers and mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, and is heavier in summer, especially the months of June and July. The average annual temperature in Kirishima is {{convert|15.4|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|2830.7|mm}} with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around {{convert|25.2|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{convert|5.3|C}}.<ref name ="normals"/> Its record high is {{cvt|35.1|C}}, reached on 17 August 2020, and its record low is {{cvt|-8.6|C}}, reached on 25 January 2016.<ref name = "extremes"/>
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Kirishima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1977−present)
|Jan record high C = 19.4
|Feb record high C = 20.9
|Mar record high C = 23.8
|Apr record high C = 26.9
|May record high C = 31.1
|Jun record high C = 31.8
|Jul record high C = 34.4
|Aug record high C = 35.1
|Sep record high C = 33.3
|Oct record high C = 30.3
|Nov record high C = 25.8
|Dec record high C = 21.5
|Jan record low C = -8.6
|Feb record low C = -7.8
|Mar record low C = -5.6
|Apr record low C = 0.2
|May record low C = 2.4
|Jun record low C = 11.7
|Jul record low C = 15.3
|Aug record low C = 17.1
|Sep record low C = 10.3
|Oct record low C = 3.4
|Nov record low C = -2.8
|Dec record low C = -5.5
|Jan high C = 9.5
|Feb high C = 11.1
|Mar high C = 14.3
|Apr high C = 18.8
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 24.7
|Jul high C = 28.8
|Aug high C = 29.7
|Sep high C = 27.2
|Oct high C = 22.6
|Nov high C = 17.2
|Dec high C = 11.8
|Jan mean C = 5.3
|Feb mean C = 6.5
|Mar mean C = 9.5
|Apr mean C = 13.9
|May mean C = 17.9
|Jun mean C = 20.9
|Jul mean C = 24.7
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 22.7
|Oct mean C = 18.0
|Nov mean C = 12.7
|Dec mean C = 7.5
|Jan low C = 1.5
|Feb low C = 2.3
|Mar low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 9.5
|May low C = 14.0
|Jun low C = 18.1
|Jul low C = 22.0
|Aug low C = 22.4
|Sep low C = 19.5
|Oct low C = 14.3
|Nov low C = 8.7
|Dec low C = 3.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 73.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 119.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 174.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 204.3
|May precipitation mm = 238.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 644.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 459.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 307.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 304.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 121.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 104.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 78.1
|year precipitation mm = 2830.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.3
|Feb precipitation days = 9.0
|Mar precipitation days = 12.7
|Apr precipitation days = 11.5
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days = 17.4
|Jul precipitation days = 13.8
|Aug precipitation days = 13.4
|Sep precipitation days = 11.7
|Oct precipitation days = 7.8
|Nov precipitation days = 8.3
|Dec precipitation days = 7.1
|Jan sun = 145.2
|Feb sun = 144.0
|Mar sun = 166.2
|Apr sun = 174.3
|May sun = 174.9
|Jun sun = 101.7
|Jul sun = 162.7
|Aug sun = 180.3
|Sep sun = 151.6
|Oct sun = 178.4
|Nov sun = 153.5
|Dec sun = 150.3
|year sun = 1883.3
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref name=extremes>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0935&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0935&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 27, 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = [[Mizobe, Kagoshima|Mizobe]], Kirishima (1995−2020 normals, extremes 1995−present)
|Jan record high C = 20.8
|Feb record high C = 21.7
|Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr record high C = 27.9
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C = 32.3
|Jul record high C = 35.1
|Aug record high C = 36.2
|Sep record high C = 33.8
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 26.7
|Dec record high C = 21.7
|Jan record low C = -10.7
|Feb record low C = -7.7
|Mar record low C = -4.3
|Apr record low C = -0.7
|May record low C = 4.3
|Jun record low C = 9.0
|Jul record low C = 15.4
|Aug record low C = 15.2
|Sep record low C = 9.8
|Oct record low C = 2.4
|Nov record low C = -2.4
|Dec record low C = -6.4
|Jan high C = 10.5
|Feb high C = 12.4
|Mar high C = 15.7
|Apr high C = 20.3
|May high C = 24.3
|Jun high C = 26.0
|Jul high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 30.9
|Sep high C = 28.3
|Oct high C = 23.8
|Nov high C = 18.2
|Dec high C = 12.7
|Jan mean C = 5.4
|Feb mean C = 6.9
|Mar mean C = 10.0
|Apr mean C = 14.5
|May mean C = 18.7
|Jun mean C = 21.8
|Jul mean C = 25.5
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 23.3
|Oct mean C = 18.3
|Nov mean C = 12.7
|Dec mean C = 7.3
|Jan low C = 0.5
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 4.5
|Apr low C = 8.9
|May low C = 13.5
|Jun low C = 18.2
|Jul low C = 22.0
|Aug low C = 22.3
|Sep low C = 19.3
|Oct low C = 13.6
|Nov low C = 7.7
|Dec low C = 2.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 70.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 119.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 177.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 207.0
|May precipitation mm = 227.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 625.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 451.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 264.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 251.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 110.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 105.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 82.9
|year precipitation mm = 2692.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.9
|Feb precipitation days = 8.8
|Mar precipitation days = 12.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 10.4
|Jun precipitation days = 16.5
|Jul precipitation days = 14.2
|Aug precipitation days = 12.3
|Sep precipitation days = 10.4
|Oct precipitation days = 7.4
|Nov precipitation days = 8.3
|Dec precipitation days = 7.5
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_a.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0881&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_amd_ym.php?prec_no=88&block_no=0881&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = March 29, 2022}}</ref>}}
===
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kirishima is as shown below:<ref>[https://www.pref.kagoshima.jp/ac09/tokei/bunya/kokutyo/r2kokutyo/documents/96217_20220131143258-1.pdf Kagoshima Prefecture population by municipality]</ref>
{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 86,198
| 1930 | 90,540
| 1940 | 90,973
| 1950 | 122,982
| 1960 | 113,032
| 1970 | 95,326
| 1980 | 102,157
| 1990 | 116,247
| 2000 | 127,912
| 2010 | 127,487
| 2020 | 123,135
|align = none
| footnote =
}}
==History==
The area of Kirishima has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The [[Uenohara site]] dates from the [[Jōmon period]], and in the [[Kofun period]] the area was a stronghold of the [[Hayato people]]. In the [[Nara period]], it became the center of ancient [[Ōsumi Province]], and the location of the [[kokufu|provincial capital]] and [[Provincial temple]]. The area largely became part of [[Shimazu Estate|Shimazu ''shōen'']] from the late [[Heian period]], and continued to be ruled by the [[Shimazu clan]] throughout the [[Edo Period]].
The modern city of Kirishima was established on November 7, 2005, from the merger of the city of [[Kokubu, Kagoshima|Kokubu]], and the towns of [[Fukuyama, Kagoshima|Fukuyama]], [[Hayato, Kagoshima|Hayato]], [[Kirishima, Kagoshima (town)|Kirishima]] (former), [[Makizono, Kagoshima|Makizono]], [[Mizobe, Kagoshima|Mizobe]] and [[Yokogawa, Kagoshima|Yokogawa]] (all from [[Aira District, Kagoshima|Aira District]]).
==Government==
Kirishima has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 25 members. Kirishima, collectively with the town of Yūsui, contributes four members to the Kagoshima Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the [[Kagoshima 4th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].
== Economy ==
Kirishima has a mixed economy. Agriculture still plays a major role, with main specialty products: strawberries, tomatoes, burdock, green onions, buckwheat, leaf tobacco, mandarin oranges, tea, chestnuts, shiitake mushrooms, beef cattle, eel, etc. Local leaf tobacco production is said to have begun in 1606, shortly after tobacco was introduced to Japan. Since then, it has continued to be one of the leading production areas in Japan, but in recent years it has been steadily shrinking. Taking advantage of the geographical conditions resulting from the opening of Kagoshima Airport and the Kyushu Expressway, the city has encouraged high-tech industries such as Sony and Kyocera to build large scale production plants in the area. On the other hand, Kirishima is also a tourist destination, noted for its volcanoes, [[onsen|hot springs]] and historic sites.
[[Japan Air Commuter]] has its headquarters in Kirishima.<ref>"[http://www.jac.co.jp/company_info/index.html
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
*[[Daiichi Institute of Technology]]
*[[Shigakukan University]]
===Primary and secondary education===
Kirishima has 35 public elementary high schools, 12 public junior high school and one public high school operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kagoshima Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private junior high and one private high school. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.
==Transportation==
===Airport===
*[[Kagoshima Airport]]
===Railways===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[Kyushu Railway Company|JR Kyushu]] - [[Nippō Main Line]]
* {{STN|Kita-Naganoda}} - {{STN|Kirishima-Jingū}} - {{STN|Kokubu|Kagoshima}} - {{STN|Hayato|Kagoshima}}
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[Kyushu Railway Company|JR Kyushu]] - [[Hisatsu Line]]
* {{STN|Hayato|Kagoshima}} - {{STN|Hinatayama}} - {{STN|Hyōkiyama}} - {{STN|Nakafukura}} - {{STN|Kareigawa}} - {{STN|Kirishima-Onsen}} - {{STN|Uemura}} - {{STN|Ōsumi-Yokogawa}}
===Highway===
* [[File:JP Expressway E3.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Kyushu Expressway]]: Yokogawa IC - Mizobe PA - Mizobe-Kagoshima Airport IC
* [[File:JP Expressway E78.svg|30px|link=|alt=]] [[Higashikyushu Expressway]]: Kokubu IC - Hayato-Higashi IC - Hayato-Nishi IC
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|10}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|220}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|223}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|504}}
==Sister city relations==
*{{flagdeco|USA}}, [[Sonora, California]], United States,
==Local attractions==
*[[Kirishima Shrine]]
*[[Kagoshima Shrine]]
*[[Takachiho-gawara]]
* [[Kokubu Castle]] - A castle ruin, death place of [[Shimazu Yoshihisa]]
*[[Uenohara Site]]
*[[Hayatozuka]]
*[[Ōsumi Kokubun-ji]] ruins
==Notable people from Kirishima==
*[[Hayato Tani]], Actor and TV presenter
*[[Kento Tachibanada]], Professional footballer
==See also==
{{Portal|Japan}}
*[[Matsushita Museum of Art]]
==References==
Line 104 ⟶ 396:
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{url|http://www.city-kirishima.jp|Kirishima City official website}} {{in lang|ja}}
* [http://www.kagoshima-kankou.com/for/ Kagoshima Prefectural Visitors Bureau official website] {{
*{{osmrelation-inline|3978596}}
{{Kagoshima}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Kirishima, Kagoshima| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Kagoshima Prefecture]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:Kyocera]]
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