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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}▼
{{short description|Subrefecture of Alpes-Maritimes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France}}
{{Other uses}}
▲{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Grasse
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|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Grasse''' ({{IPA
Considered the world's capital of [[perfume]],<ref>[http://www.ville-grasse.fr/tourisme/bienvenue.html Page Bienvenue] sur le site de la ville de Grasse (in French)</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Collins|first1=Ross|title=The Scents of a City|url=https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rcollins/travel/Grasse.html|website=www.ndsu.edu|publisher=Fargo-Moorhead Forum|access-date=9 May 2016|date=January 1995}}</ref> Grasse obtained two flowers in the ''[[Concours des villes et villages fleuris]]''<ref>[http://www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com/leconcours/palmaresdep/P06.htm Palmarès du Concours des villes et villages fleuris dans les Alpes-Maritimes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224045927/http://www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com/leconcours/palmaresdep/P06.htm |date=2009-02-24 }} (in French)</ref> and was made ''Ville d'Art et d'Histoire'' (City of Art and History).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vpah.culture.fr/vpah/paca/grasse-pr.htm|author=Ministère de la Culture|title=Fiche de Grasse appartenant aux villes du réseau ''ville d'art et d'histoire''|access-date=3 June 2007|language=fr|archive-date=3 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103072225/http://www.vpah.culture.fr/vpah/paca/grasse-pr.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Festivals==
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==Transport==
==Perfume==
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[[File:Parfumerie Bruno Court 1923.jpg|thumb|Share of the S. A. de la Parfumerie Bruno Court, issued 1 january 1923]]
Grasse has had a prospering
The trade in [[leather]] and [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] work developed during the twelfth century around the small canal that runs through the city. This activity produced a strong unpleasant
The countryside around the city began to grow fields of flowers, offering new scents from the city. In 1614, the king recognized the new corporation of "glovers perfumers".
In the middle of the eighteenth century, the perfumery was experiencing a very important development. Leading companies dating from this period includes the oldest
In the nineteenth century, the raw materials began to be imported from abroad. During the twentieth century the creation of synthetic products brought the democratization
In 1905, six hundred tons of flowers were harvested while in the 1940s, five thousand tons were produced annually. However, in early 2000, production was less than 30 tons for all flowers combined.
===Historical activity===
In the [[Middle Ages]], Grasse
===Modern industry===
[[File:Fragonard - PARFUMEUR Parfums Diamant.jpg|thumb|left|114px|Fragonard Diamant]]
A network of sixty companies employs 3,500 people in the city and surrounding area. Additionally, about 10,000 residents of Grasse are indirectly employed by the perfume industry. Almost half of the [[business tax]] for the city comes from the perfume sector and that is ahead of
This represents almost half of the production of French perfumes and aromas and around 7-8% of total global activity. However, during the 1960s and 1970s large international groups gradually bought up local family factories (Chiris, [[Givaudan|Givaudan-Roure]] and Lautier, for example). Soon after their production
===Perfumeries===
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* '''[[Galimard]] Perfumery''', established in 1747 by Jean de Galimard, provided the Royal Court with ointments and perfumes. It is the third oldest perfume company in the world after [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz|Farina gegenüber]] and [[Floris of London]] and was revived after the war by Gaston de Fontmichel and Joseph Roux.
* '''[[Molinard]]''' was established in 1849 and their perfume bottles were made of [[Baccarat (company)|Baccarat]] [[Lead glass|crystal]] and [[Lalique]] glass. Clients can create their own
* The '''[[Fragonard (fragrance)|Fragonard]] Perfumery''' was established in 1926 in one of the oldest factories in the city. Its museum {{Ill|Villa Musée Fragonard|fr|Villa Fragonard}} displays rare objects that explain the history of perfumery, covering 5,000 years.
* '''International Perfume Museum'''. Opened in 1989, the museum traces the evolution of techniques during the 5,000
* '''Perfume Art Creation''', perfumed art-producing company combining authentic fragrances from Grasse, and an [[art gallery]] based in [[Zollikon|Zollikerberg]], [[Switzerland]]. Its fragrance-infused artworks and paintings are the copyright concept of Perfume Art Creation, which allows the viewer visually to explore the artwork, to smell it, allowing for holistic stimulation of the senses. Working and creating commonly with the artists, the paintings are infused with the preferred collector's perfume and scent, and his or her individual or corporate fragrance is introduced into the art.<ref>[https://evenice.it/mostre/le-colonete LE COLONETE. Perfume Art Creation Gallery]</ref>
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==Religion==
The town is home to [[Grasse Cathedral]], the seat of the [[Roman Catholic]] former [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Grasse|Diocese of Grasse]] which was
==Education==
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Three perfume factories offer daily tours and demonstrations, which draw in many of the region's visitors. In addition to the perfumeries, Grasse's other main attraction is the Cathedral, dedicated to Notre Dame du Puy and founded in the 11th century. In the interior, are three works by [[Rubens]] and one by [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]], the French painter native of the town.<ref>Fodor's Travel Guide, [http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/france/the-french-riviera/places/nice-and-the-eastern-cote-dazur/grasse Grasse, France Review], accessdate=2015-03-24.</ref>
<gallery class="center">
File:Grasse - Parfumerie 3.JPG|Grasse
File:Grasse, Parfumerie Molinard.jpg| Parfumerie [[Molinard]]
File:Napoleon Memorial, Grasse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France - panoramio.jpg|Napoleon Memorial
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File:Boulevard du Jeu de Ballon, Grasse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France - panoramio (1).jpg|Boulevard du Jeu de Ballon
File:France-002835 - Place aux Aires (people) (16004140382).jpg| Place aux Aires
File:France-002830 - Side Street in Old Town (15382535214).jpg| Side
</gallery>
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<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Louis Bellaud]] (1543–1588), also known as Bellaud de la Bellaudière, poet
* [[Claude-Marie Courmes]] (
* [[Mélanie Bernier]] (born 1985), actress
* [[Adam Bessa]], (born 1992), actor<ref name="grasse">{{Cite web |last=Duponchel |first=Marilou |date=4 November 2022 |title=La trajectoire tourmentée d'Adam Bessa, l'acteur lumineux de "Harka" |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/cinema/la-trajectoire-tourmentee-dadam-bessa-lacteur-lumineux-de-harka-511055-04-11-2022/ |website=[[Les Inrockuptibles]] |language=French}}</ref>
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* [[Olivier Cresp]] (born 1955), perfumer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nstperfume.com/perfumers-a-to-e/olivier-cresp/|title=Olivier Cresp :: Perfumers :: Now Smell This|website=www.nstperfume.com|access-date=3 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Jean-Claude Ellena]] (born 1947), perfumer
* [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard]] (
* [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]] (1732–1806), painter<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Fragonard, Jean-Honoré |volume= 10 |last= Konody |first= Paul George |author-link= Paul George Konody |pages=772-773 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[Jean Claude Gandur]] (born 1949), businessman<ref name=Fg>{{cite web|title=Jean Claude Gandur|url=http://fg-art.org/en/jeanclaudegandur.html|website=Fg-art.org|access-date=6 November 2014|archive-date=6 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106121951/http://fg-art.org/en/jeanclaudegandur.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Gazan de la Peyrière]] (
* [[Valentine Goby]] (born 1974), writer
* [[Marcel Journet]] (1868–1933), operatic baritone
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* [[Gilles Marini]] (born 1976), actor
* [[Michèle Mouton]] (born 1951), rally driver
* [[Charles Pasqua]] (
* [[Thomas Pinault]] (born 1981), footballer
* [[Théo Pourchaire]] (born 2003), racing driver
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* [[Dirk Bogarde]] (1921–1999), actor, lived in Grasse
* [[Ivan Bunin]] (1870–1953), Russian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], 1933; lived in Grasse
* [[Christian Calmes]] (1913–1995),
* [[François Joseph Paul de Grasse]] (1723–1788) admiral, commanded of the French fleet at the [[Battle of the Chesapeake]], which led directly to the [[Siege of Yorktown]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Grasse, François Joseph Paul, Comte de |volume = 12 |last= |first= |author-link= |page=369 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[David Douglas Duncan]] (
* [[Prince Eugen of Bavaria]] (1925–1997), member of the Bavarian Royal House of [[Wittelsbach]]
* [[Lolo Ferrari]] (1963–2000), dancer, actress and singer with breast implants
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* [[H. G. Wells]] (1866–1946), British writer
==Twin towns
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Grasse is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumelages|url=http://www.ville-grasse.fr/jumelages.html|website=ville-grasse.fr|publisher=Grasse|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ingolstadt]], Germany, since 1963
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Carrara]], Italy, since 1995
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Vila Real, Portugal]], since 1975
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Murcia]], Spain, since 1990
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Marblehead, Massachusetts]], USA, since 1986
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Opole]], Poland, since 1964
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Kazanlak]], Bulgaria
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Pardes Hanna-Karkur]], Israel
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==External links==
* {{
* {{Wikivoyage
* [http://www.ville-grasse.fr/ Grasse city council website] (in French)
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Grasse |volume= 12 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= W. A. B. Coolidge |page=369 |short=1}}
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