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Line 157: Levi wrote ''If This Is a Man'' to bear witness to the horrors of the Nazis' attempt to exterminate the Jewish people and others. In turn, he read many accounts by witnesses and survivors, and attended meetings of survivors, becoming a prominent symbolic figure for anti-fascists in Italy.<ref name=":0" /> Levi visited over 130 schools to talk about his experiences in Auschwitz. He vigorously repudiated [[~~Historical~~historical ~~revisionism\|~~revisionist ~~attitudes~~]] attitudes in German historiography that emerged in the ''[[Historikerstreit]] '' led by the works of people like [[Andreas Hillgruber]] and [[Ernst Nolte]], who drew parallels between Nazism and Stalinism.<ref>Ernesto Ferrero, 'Cronologia,' in Primo Levi, ''Opere,'' [[Einaudi]] vol.1, 1987 p.lxi.</ref> Levi rejected the idea that the labor camp system depicted in [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s ''[[The Gulag Archipelago]]'' and that of the Nazi {{lang\|it\|Lager}} ({{lang-de\|link=no\|konzentrationslager}}; see [[Nazi concentration camps]]) were comparable. The death rate in Stalin's gulags was 30% at worst, he wrote, while in the extermination camps he estimated it to be 90–98%.<ref>Appendix to an Italian schools edition of {{lang\|it\|Se questo è un uomo}}, reprinted in ''Opere'' Einaudi, 1987 vol.1, pp.185-212 p.199.</ref><ref>Thomson, ''Primo Levi,'' 2019 p.523.</ref><ref>Primo Levi, ''Il buco nero di Auschwitz,'' [[La Stampa]] 22 January 1987.</ref> His view was that the Nazi death camps and the attempted annihilation of the Jews was a horror unique in history because the goal was the complete destruction of a race by one that saw itself as superior. He noted that it was highly organized and mechanized; it entailed the degradation of Jews to the point of using their ashes as materials for paths.<ref>''The Drowned and the Saved'' (1986) Abacus edition (1988) p. 100.</ref>

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