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A person can be recognized or granted citizenship on a number of bases. Usually, citizenship based on circumstances of birth is automatic, but an application may be required.
*Citizenship by family (''[[jus sanguinis]]''). If one or both of a person's parents are citizens of a given state, then the person may have the right to be a citizen of that state as well.{{efn|Examples: [[Philippine nationality law#Citizenship by birth|Philippines]],<ref>[http://www.chanrobles.com/article4.htm Article IV of the Philippine Constitution].</ref> [[Title 8 of the United States Code|United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/chapter-12/subchapter-III/part-I|title=8 U.S. Code Part I - Nationality at Birth and Collective Naturalization|website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref>}} Formerly this might only have applied through the paternal line, but [[sex equality]] became common since the late twentieth century. Citizenship is granted based on ancestry or [[ethnicity]] and is related to the concept of a [[nation state]] common in [[Europe]]. Where ''jus sanguinis'' holds, a person born outside a country, one or both of whose parents are citizens of the country, is also a citizen. Some states ([[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]]) limit the right to citizenship by descent to a certain number of generations born outside the state; others ([[Germany]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Switzerland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2016/404/en|title=Federal Act on Swiss Citizenship (art 7.1)|website=admin.ch|access-date=2021-02-15|archive-date=2021-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227171040/https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2016/404/en|url-status=dead}}</ref>) grant citizenship only if each new generation is registered with the relevant foreign mission within a specified deadline; while others ( for example [[Italy]]<ref>{{
*Citizenship by birth (''[[jus soli]]''). Some people are automatically citizens of the state in which they are born. This form of citizenship originated in [[England]], where those who were born within the realm were [[British subject#Prior to 1949|subjects of the monarch]] (a concept pre-dating that of citizenship in England) and is common in [[common law]] countries. Most countries in [[Americas|the Americas]] grant unconditional ''jus soli'' citizenship, while it has been limited or abolished in almost all other countries.
** In many cases, both ''jus soli'' and ''jus sanguinis'' hold citizenship either by place or parentage (or both).
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