This is a list of hottest stars so far discovered (excluding degenerate stars), arranged by decreasing temperature. The stars with temperatures higher than 60,000 K are included.
List
editStar name | Effective Temperature (K) |
Mass (M☉) |
Luminosity (L☉) |
Spectral type | Distance (light-years) |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WR 102 | 200,000 | 16.1 | 380,000 | WO2 | 8,610[1] | [2][3] |
WR 142 | 200,000 | 28.6 | 912,000 | WO2 | 5,400 | [3] |
LMC195-1 | 200,000 | 257,000 | WO2 | ~160,000 | [4] | |
BAT99-123 | 170,000 | 7.7 | 158,000 | WO3 | ~160,000 | [5] |
WR 93b | 160,000 | 8.1 | 110,000 | WO3 | 7,470[1] | [3] |
[HC2007] 31 | 160,000? | WO3 | 12,886,000 | [6] | ||
BAT99-53 A | 158,000 | 13 | 224,000 | WC4 | ~160,000 | [7] |
BAT99-7 | 158,000 | 25 | 692,000 | WN4b | ~160,000 | [8] |
IC 1613 DR1 | 150,000 | 20 | 480,000 | WO3 | ~2,380,000 | [9] |
LH41-1042 | 150,000 | 8.4 | 182,000 | WO4 | ~160,000 | [5] |
BAT99-2 | 141,000 | 13 | 234,000 | WN2 | ~160,000 | [8] |
BAT99-94 | 141,000 | 24 | 631,000 | WN3 | ~160,000 | [8] |
WR 2 | 141,000 | 16 | 282,000 | WN2 | 7,830[1] | |
AB8 | 141,000 | 19 | 1,413,000 | WO4 | ~197,000 | [5] |
BA 1-458 | 140,000 | 28.1 | 776,000 | WO4 | 2,500,000 | [10] |
WR 9 (WR) | 139,700 | 9 | 501,000 | WC4 | 14,900[1] | |
WR 30a (WR) | 129,500 | 7.5-9.7 | 195,000 | WO4 | 25,340 | [11] |
WR 38 | 126,000 | 10.4 | 724,000[12] | WC4 | 19,700[12] | [3] |
WR 142a | 125,000 | 7.9 | 110,000 | WC8 | 5,900[12] | [13] |
BAT99-128 | 112,000 | 14 | 275,000 | WN3 | ~160,000 | [8] |
WR 1 | 112,000 | 27 | 759,000 | WN4-s | 10,300[1] | [14] |
WR 18 | 112,000 | 38 | 1,288,000 | WN4-s | 12,500[1] | [14] |
WR 46 | 112,000 | 14 | 263,000 | WN3pw | 13,000 | |
WR 7 | 112,000 | 13 | 214,000 | WN4-s | 14,000 | [14] |
WR 144 | 112,000 | 9.9 | 159,000 | WC4 | 5,710[1] | [3] |
WR 52 | 112,000 | 8.5 | 117,000 | WC4 | 5,710[1] | [3] |
AB7 | 105,000 | 23 | 1,259,000 | WN4 | ~197,000 | [15] |
BAT99-24 | 100,000 | 17 | 347,000 | WN4b | ~160,000 | [8] |
WR 37 | 100,000 | 34 | 1,122,000 | WN4-s | 21,900[12] | |
NGC 6822-WR 12 | 100,000 | 36 | 1,288,000 | WN4 | ~1,631,000 | [10] |
Gamma Velorum (WR) | 90,000 | 9 | 204,000 | WC8 | 1,100 | [16] |
BAT99-1 | 89,100 | 12 | 200,000 | WN3b | ~160,000 | [8] |
EZ CMa | 89,100 | 23 | 617,000 | WN4-s | 5,900[citation needed] | [17] |
WR 36 | 89,100 | 12 | 200,000 | WN5-s | 17,700[1] | [14] |
WR 111 | 89,100 | 13 | 245,000 | WC5 | 5,320[1] | [3] |
WR 150 | 89,100 | 24.8 | 724,000 | WC5 | 28,500[1] | [3] |
BAT99-3 | 79,400 | 16 | 324,000 | WN4b | ~160,000 | [8] |
WR 19 A | 79,400 | 400,000 | WC5d | 14,000[1] | [18][19] | |
WR 44 | 79,400 | 18 | 417,000 | WN4-w | 19,800[1] | [14] |
WR 58 | 79,400 | 8.4 | 89,100 | WN4/WCE | 19,700[1] | [3] |
BAT99-37 | 79,400 | 19 | 447,000 | WN3o | 160,000 | [8] |
WR 45 | 79,400 | 14.1 | 282,000 | WC6 | 13,900[1] | [3] |
BAT99-26 | 70,800 | 18 | 417,000 | WN4b | ~160,000 | [8] |
BAT99-35 | 70,800 | 24 | 398,000 | WN3(h) | ~160,000 | [8] |
BAT99-86 | 70,800 | 12 | 427,000 | WN3(h) | ~160,000 | [8] |
WR 136 | 70,800 | 15 | 260,000 | WN6(h)-s | 6,290[1] | |
WR 75 | 63,100 | 18 | 389,000 | WN6-s | 10,800[1] | [14] |
WR 134 | 63,100 | 19 | 400,000 | WN6-s | 6,000 | [14] |
WR 60 | 63,100 | 23 | 631,000 | WC8 | 11,500[1] | [3] |
WR 149 | 63,100 | 14 | 269,000 | WN5-s | 15,900[1] | [14] |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Wolf-Rayet Star Catalogue". pacrowther.staff.shef.ac.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
- ^ Sander, A.; Hamann, W. -R.; Todt, H. (2012). "The Galactic WC stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: A144. arXiv:1201.6354. Bibcode:2012A&A...540A.144S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117830. S2CID 119182468.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sander, A. A. C.; Hamann, W.-R.; Todt, H.; Hainich, R.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019-01-01). "The Galactic WC and WO stars. The impact of revised distances from Gaia DR2 and their role as massive black hole progenitors". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 621: A92. arXiv:1807.04293. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..92S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833712. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Massey, Philip (2014). "A modern search for Wolf–Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds: First results". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 83. arXiv:1404.7441. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...83M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/83. S2CID 119177379.
- ^ a b c Tramper, F.; Straal, S. M.; Sanyal, D.; Sana, H.; De Koter, A.; Gräfener, G.; Langer, N.; Vink, J. S.; De Mink, S. E.; Kaper, L. (2015). "Massive stars on the verge of exploding: The properties of oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A110. arXiv:1507.00839. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A.110T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425390. S2CID 56093231.
- ^ Hadfield, L. J.; Crowther, P. A. (October 2007). "A survey of the Wolf-Rayet population of the barred, spiral galaxy NGC 1313". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 381 (1): 418–432. arXiv:0708.2039. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..418H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12284.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 3024190.
- ^ Ramachandran, V.; Hamann, W.-R.; Hainich, R.; Oskinova, L. M.; Shenar, T.; Sander, A. A. C.; Todt, H.; Gallagher, J. S. (2018-07-01). "Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC. II. Parameters of the OB and WR stars, and the total massive star feedback". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 615: A40. arXiv:1802.07494. Bibcode:2018A&A...615A..40R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832816. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W.-R. (May 2014). "The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. A comprehensive analysis of the WN class". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 565: A27. arXiv:1401.5474. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 55123954.
- ^ Tramper, F.; Gräfener, G.; Hartoog, O. E.; Sana, H.; De Koter, A.; Vink, J. S.; Ellerbroek, L. E.; Langer, N.; Garcia, M.; Kaper, L.; De Mink, S. E. (2013). "On the nature of WO stars: A quantitative analysis of the WO3 star DR1 in IC 1613". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 559: A72. arXiv:1310.2849. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A..72T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322155. S2CID 216079684.
- ^ a b Abbott, Jay Brian (2004). "Quantitative spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars in local group galaxies". Ph.D. Thesis. Bibcode:2004PhDT.......161A.
- ^ Nugis, T.; Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. (2000). "Mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars as a function of stellar parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 360: 227. Bibcode:2000A&A...360..227N.
- ^ a b c d Rate, Gemma; Crowther, Paul A. (2020-03-01). "Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with Gaia DR2 - I. Distances and absolute magnitudes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (1): 1512–1529. arXiv:1912.10125. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.1512R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3614. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Pasquali, A.; Comerón, F.; Gredel, R.; Torra, J.; Figueras, F. (2002-12-01). "A new Wolf-Rayet star in Cygnus". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 396 (2): 533–538. arXiv:astro-ph/0210179. Bibcode:2002A&A...396..533P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021373. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hamann, W.-R.; Gräfener, G.; Liermann, A.; Hainich, R.; Sander, A. A. C.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019-05-01). "The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 625: A57. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 104292503.
- ^ Shenar, T.; Hainich, R.; Todt, H.; Sander, A.; Hamann, W.-R.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Eldridge, J. J.; Pablo, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Richardson, N. D. (2016). "Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: II. Analysis of the binaries". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1604: A22. arXiv:1604.01022. Bibcode:2016A&A...591A..22S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527916. S2CID 119255408.
- ^ Crowther, Paul A.; Barlow, M. J.; Royer, P.; Hillier, D. J.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Morris, P. W.; Wesson, R. (2024-02-01). "Oxygen abundance of
γ Vel from [O III] 88μ m Herschel/PACS spectroscopy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 528 (2): 2026–2039. arXiv:2310.15170. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.528.2026C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae145. ISSN 0035-8711. - ^ Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019). "The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. A57: 625. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850. S2CID 104292503.
- ^ Paul Crowther. "Galactic Wolf Rayet Catalogue". Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ Lau, Ryan M.; Eldridge, J. J.; Hankins, Matthew J.; Lamberts, Astrid; Sakon, Itsuki; Williams, Peredur M. (2020-07-01). "Revisiting the Impact of Dust Production from Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal. 898 (1): 74. arXiv:2006.08695. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898...74L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9cb5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 219708543.