ο ἷος
See also: ο ἶος
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom ὅς (hós, relative pronoun) + -ιος (-ios, adjectival suffix).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hôi̯.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)y.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈy.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈy.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.os/
Determiner
edit- relative adjective of quality such as; what sort, manner, kind of
- introducing an exclamation
- (in an independent clause) what a (great, terrible) ...!
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 142B:
ο ἷο ν ἄνδρα λέγεις ἐν κινδύνῳε ἶν α ι .- hoîon ándra légeis en kindúnōi eînai.
- 1921 translation by Harold N. Fowler
- What a [great] man he is who you say is in danger!
- (in a subordinate clause) the (great, terrible) sort that
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.1.15:
- ἐγώ, ὦ ἄνδρες λοχαγοί,
ο ὔτ ε καθεύδειν δύναμαι, ὥσπερο ἶμ α ι ο ὐδ ’ ὑμ ε ῖς,ο ὔτ ε κατακεῖσθαι ἔτ ι , ὁρ ῶν ἐν ο ἵοις ἐσμέν.- egṓ, ô ándres lokhagoí, oúte katheúdein dúnamai, hṓsper oîmai oud’ humeîs, oúte katakeîsthai éti, horôn en hoíois esmén.
- Commanders, I can neither sleep, as I suppose neither can you, nor lie down, seeing the terrible sort of situation we are in.
- ἐγώ, ὦ ἄνδρες λοχαγοί,
- (in an independent clause) what a (great, terrible) ...!
- containing a comparison, and sometimes an inference
- in many Homeric expressions the omission of the antecedent clause is to be noticed
- especially in Attic often stands for ὅ
τ ι τ ο ῖος/τοία/τ ο ῖο ν (hóti toîos/toía/toîon), so that the relative introduces the reason for the preceding statement - if it is to be intimated that the reason is self-evident, and the assertion is beyond doubt, then δή (dḗ) is added
- but if the comparison or inference only denotes a general or doubtful resemblance, then Homer uses
ο ἷόςτ ε (hoîós te) - when a comparison involves a definition of time
ο ἷος ὅτ ε (hoîos hóte) is used - many brief Attic expressions are also explained by the omission of the demonstrative pronoun before
ο ἷος (hoîos) - never used like the adverb
ο ἷο ν (hoîon) with a positive adjective
ο ἷος (hoîos) with an infinitive implies fitness or ability in or for a thing- but this sense is commonly expressed by
ο ἷοςτ ε (hoîos te) - (without infinitive)
- the relative is in Attic often repeated in the same clause
Inflection
editNumber | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | hoîos |
hoíā |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoîoi |
hoîai |
hoîa | |||||
Genitive | hoíou |
hoíās |
hoíou |
hoíoin |
hoíain |
hoíoin |
hoíōn |
hoíōn |
hoíōn | |||||
Dative | hoíōi |
hoíāi |
hoíōi |
hoíoin |
hoíain |
hoíoin |
hoíois |
hoíais |
hoíois | |||||
Accusative | hoîon |
hoíān |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoíous |
hoíās |
hoîa | |||||
Vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
hoîon |
— | — | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | hoîos |
hoíē |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoîoi |
hoîai |
hoîa | |||||
Genitive | hoíou / hoioîo / hoíoio / hoióo / hoíoo |
hoíēs |
hoíou / hoioîo / hoíoio / hoióo / hoíoo |
hoíoiin |
hoíai(i)n / hoíēiin |
hoíoiin |
hoíōn |
hoiā́ōn / hoié͜ōn / hoiôn |
hoíōn | |||||
Dative | hoíōi |
hoíēi |
hoíōi |
hoíoiin |
hoíai(i)n / hoíēiin |
hoíoiin |
hoíoisi(n) / hoíois |
hoíēisi(n) / hoíēis / hoíais |
hoíoisi(n) / hoíois | |||||
Accusative | hoîon |
hoíēn |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoíous |
hoíās |
hoîa | |||||
Vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
hoîon |
— | — | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | hoîos |
hoíē |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoîoi |
hoîai |
hoîa | |||||
Genitive | hoíou |
hoíēs |
hoíou |
hoíoin |
hoíain |
hoíoin |
hoíōn |
hoiéōn / hoiôn |
hoíōn | |||||
Dative | hoíōi |
hoíēi |
hoíōi |
hoíoin |
hoíain |
hoíoin |
hoíoisi(n) / hoíois |
hoíēisi(n) |
hoíoisi(n) / hoíois | |||||
Accusative | hoîon |
hoíēn |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoíous |
hoíās |
hoîa | |||||
Vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
hoîon |
— | — | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | hoîos |
hoíā |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoîoi |
hoîai |
hoîa | |||||
Genitive | hoíoio |
hoíās |
hoíoio |
hoíoin |
hoíain |
hoíoin |
hoíōn |
hoiân |
hoíōn | |||||
Dative | hoíōi |
hoíāi |
hoíōi |
hoíoin |
hoíain |
hoíoin |
hoíois |
hoíais |
hoíois | |||||
Accusative | hoîon |
hoíān |
hoîon |
hoíō |
hoíā |
hoíō |
hoíous |
hoíās |
hoîa | |||||
Vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
hoîon |
— | — | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
edit- ἄλλοιος (álloios)
- ἑτεροῖος (heteroîos)
ο ἷο ν (hoîon, adverb)- ὅμοιος (hómoios)
- ἀνόμοιος (anómoios)
- παρόμοιος (parómoios)
- προσόμοιος (prosómoios)
- παντοῖος (pantoîos)
See also
editReferences
edit- “
ο ἷος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press - “
ο ἷος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers - “
ο ἷος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers ο ἷος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachetteο ἷος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.