(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
沒 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

沒ぼつ

See also: 没ぼつ
沒ぼつ U+6C92, 沒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C92
← 沑
[U+6C91] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沓くつ →
[U+6C93]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 
Japanese 没ぼつ
Simplified 没ぼつ
Traditional 沒ぼつ

Han character

edit

沒ぼつ (Kangxi radical 85, 水みず+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水みず弓ゆみ水すい (ENE), four-corner 37147, composition ⿰氵⿱勹又また)

edit

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17204
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6C92

Chinese

edit

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 沒ぼつ
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (沒ぼつ) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沒ぼつ *mɯːd
歿 *mɯːd
莈 *mɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 水みず (“water”) + phonetic 𠬛 ().

Etymology 1

edit
trad. 沒ぼつ/没ぼつ
simp. 没ぼつ
2nd round simp. 殳
alternative forms ⿰氵𠬛 1981 2nd round simp.

Possibly a colloquial variant of 勿 (MC mjut) or 未み (MC mj+jH), which fused with or was influenced by 有ゆう (MC hjuwX); not derived from 沒ぼつ (OC *mɯːd, “to dive; to drown”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

edit
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 沒ぼつ
Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
Harbin /mei²⁴/ ～人じん
/mei⁵³/ ～來らい
Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/ ～了りょう
/mei⁵³/ ～走はし
Jinan /mei²¹³/ ～價か
/mei⁴²/ ～的てき
Qingdao /mu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mu⁴²/ 沉～
/mei²⁴/ ～法ほう兒じ
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /mu¹³/ ～有ゆう
/muə¹³/ 淹～
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mei²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
/mei¹³/
Guiyang /mei⁵⁵/ ～有ゆう
/mu²¹/ ～收おさむ
Kunming /mu²¹²/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/ 沉～
/me²⁴/ ～有ゆう
Hefei /məʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /məʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /məʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /məʔ¹/
Suzhou /məʔ³/
Hangzhou /məʔ²/
Wenzhou /mø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔ²²/ 沉～
/miu³⁵/ (沒ぼつ有ゆう)
Tunxi /mɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɨʔ⁵/ 埋うめ～
Hakka Meixian /mut̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mut̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mut̚²/
Nanning /mut̚²²/
Hong Kong /mut̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /but̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mau²¹/
/mo⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /muak̚⁵/

Definitions

edit

沒ぼつ

  1. not have; there is not; to be without
    沒ぼつ意思いし／没ぼつ意思いし  ―  méiyìsī  ―  uninteresting [literally: to not have fun]
    已やめ經けい沒ぼつ了りょう／已やめ经没ぼつ了りょう  ―  yǐjīng méi le  ―  is already gone; there is already no more
    沒ぼつ錢ぜに沒ぼつ工作こうさく／没ぼつ钱没ぼつ工作こうさく  ―  méi qián méi gōngzuò  ―  to have no money and no job
    這兒沒ぼつ人ひと。／这儿没ぼつ人ひと。  ―  Zhèr méi rén.  ―  There's nobody here.
  2. to be not so ... as (when comparing)
    我わが沒ぼつ你高こう。／我わが没ぼつ你高こう。  ―  Wǒ méi nǐ gāo.  ―  I'm not as tall as you.
  3. less than; no more than
  4. Negative prefix for verb 有ゆう (yǒu, “to have”).
    我わが沒ぼつ有ゆう朋友ほうゆう。／我わが没ぼつ有ゆう朋友ほうゆう。  ―  Wǒ méiyǒu péngyǒu.  ―  I have no friends.
  5. have not or did not (negative prefix for verbs, translated into other languages with verbs in the past tense)
    他た沒ぼつ來き。／他た没ぼつ来き。  ―  Tā méi lái.  ―  He didn't come.
    我わが還かえ沒ぼつ說せつ完かん呢。／我わが还没ぼつ说完かん呢。  ―  Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne.  ―  I haven't finished talking.
    沒ぼつ懂……／没ぼつ懂……  ―  méi dǒng......  ―  I don't get it…
  6. (euphemistic, colloquial) to pass away

Synonyms

edit
Dialectal synonyms of 沒ぼつ有ゆう (“to not have (+ noun)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 無む, 無む有ゆう
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 沒ぼつ有ゆう
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 沒ぼつ有ゆう, 沒ぼつ
Taiwan 沒ぼつ有ゆう, 沒ぼつ
Malaysia 沒ぼつ有ゆう, 沒ぼつ
Singapore 沒ぼつ有ゆう, 沒ぼつ
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 沒ぼつ有ゆう, 沒ぼつ
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 沒ぼつ有ゆう
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 沒ぼつ有ゆう, 沒ぼつ
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 沒ぼつ得とく, 莫得, 没ぼつ有ゆう
Wuhan 冇得
Guiyang 沒ぼつ得とく, 不ふ得とく
Guilin 沒ぼつ得とく
Liuzhou 沒ぼつ得とく
Dagudi (Maliba) 不ふ有ゆう
Reshuitang (Longling) 不ふ有ゆう
Mae Salong (Lancang) 不ふ有ゆう
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 不ふ有ゆう
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 沒ぼつ得とく
Yangzhou 不ふ得とく, 沒ぼつ得とく
Hefei 沒ぼつ
Cantonese Guangzhou 冇, 冇有
Hong Kong 冇
Taishan 冇
Hepu (Lianzhou) 冇有
Hepu (Shatian) 冇有
Beihai 冇, 冇有
Beihai (Nankang) 冇
Beihai (Yingpan) 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 冇, 冇有
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 冇, 冇有
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 冇, 冇有
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 冇
Penang (Guangfu) 冇
Singapore (Guangfu) 冇
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 冇
Móng Cái 冇, 冇有
Gan Nanchang 冒おかせ有ゆう, 冇
Hakka Meixian 無む
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 無む
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 無む
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 無む
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 無む
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 無む
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 無む
Singapore (Dabu) 無む
Huizhou Jixi 沒ぼつ
Jin Taiyuan 沒ぼつ, 沒ぼつ啦
Northern Min Jian'ou 無む
Eastern Min Fuzhou 無む
Singapore (Fuqing) 無む
Sitiawan (Gutian) 無む
Southern Min Xiamen 無む
Quanzhou 無む
Zhangzhou 無む
Zhao'an 無む
Taipei 無む
New Taipei (Sanxia) 無む
Kaohsiung 無む
Yilan 無む
Changhua (Lukang) 無む
Taichung 無む
Tainan 無む
Hsinchu 無む
Kinmen 無む
Penghu (Magong) 無む
Penang (Hokkien) 無む
Singapore (Hokkien) 無む
Manila (Hokkien) 無む
Chaozhou 無む
Shantou 無む
Shantou (Chaoyang) 無む
Jieyang 無む
Haifeng 無む
Bangkok (Teochew) 無む
Singapore (Teochew) 無む
Batam (Teochew) 無む
Pontianak (Teochew) 無む
Wenchang 無む
Qionghai 無む
Singapore (Hainanese) 無む
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 無む
Wu Shanghai 嘸さぞ沒ぼつ, 嘸さぞ dated
Suzhou 嘸さぞ不ふ
Danyang 無む則のり, 沒ぼつ得とく
Hangzhou 沒ぼつ有ゆう
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 嘸さぞ不ふ
Shaoxing 唔有
Ningbo 嘸さぞ沒ぼつ, 嘸さぞ dated
Wenzhou 冇
Jinhua 嘸さぞ, 嘸さぞ沒ぼつ
Xiang Changsha 冇得, 冇
Shuangfeng 冇得

See also

edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology 2

edit
trad. 沒ぼつ/没ぼつ
simp. 没ぼつ
alternative forms 𣴬
𣳚
歿／殁

According to Schuessler (2007), formed from the convergence of two etyma:

Unrelated to etymology 1.

Pronunciation

edit
Rime
Character 沒ぼつ
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん) 沒ぼつ (56)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 莫勃切きり
Baxter mwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwət̚/
Li
Rong 		/muət̚/
Wang
Li 		/muət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 沒ぼつ
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁut/
English to dive, drown, die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沒ぼつ
Reading # 1/1
No. 9235
Phonetic
component 		没ぼつ
Rime
group 		物もの
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		没ぼつ
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯːd/

Definitions

edit

沒ぼつ

  1. to drown; to sink; to submerge; to inundate
    淹沒ぼつ／淹没ぼつ  ―  yānmò  ―  to submerge; to inundate
    沒ぼつ入いれ水みず中なか／没ぼつ入いれ水みず中なか  ―  mò rù shuǐ zhōng  ―  to sink into the water
  2. to rise beyond; to cover; to overflow
    水みず深ふか沒ぼつ腰こし／水みず深ふか没ぼつ腰こし  ―  shuǐ shēn mò yāo  ―  the water was waist-deep
  3. to end; to finish
    沒ぼつ齒は不ふ忘／没ぼつ齿不ふ忘  ―  mòchǐ bùwàng  ―  not to forget to the end of one's days
  4. to disappear; to vanish
    出で沒ぼつ／出で没ぼつ  ―  chūmò  ―  to appear and disappear
  5. to confiscate
    沒ぼつ收おさむ／没ぼつ收おさむ  ―  mòshōu  ―  to confiscate
  6. (literary) Alternative form of 歿／殁 (mò, “to die; to pass away”)

Compounds

edit

Japanese

edit

Shinjitai

没ぼつ

Kyūjitai

沒ぼつ

Kanji

edit
沒ぼつ

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 没ぼつ)

  1. discard, reject
  2. death
  3. lacking, without

Readings

edit

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

沒ぼつ (eumhun 가라앉을 몰 (garaanjeul mol))

  1. hanja form? of 몰 (“drown, sink”)
  2. hanja form? of 몰 (“not, have not, none”)

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

沒ぼつ: Hán Việt readings: một
沒ぼつ: Nôm readings: mốt, một

Etymology 1

edit

Numeral

edit

沒ぼつ • (một)

  1. Nôm form of một (“one”).

Etymology 2

edit

Numeral

edit

沒ぼつ • (mốt)

  1. Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=沒ぼつ&oldid=81396598"