diri
Azerbaijani
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *dīri-.
The sense “undercooked, not overcooked (of rice)“ might have developed from the sense “undercooked (of meat)", the sense “undercooked“ in applying the notion of meat still containing blood, thus being “alive“. Compare Crimean Tatar tiri (“undercooked, of meat”).
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Adjective
editdiri (comparative daha diri, superlative ən diri)
- living, which is alive
- lively, vivid, vivacious
- of rice etc.
- stiff, undercooked, half-done, raw
- Xorəyin düyüsü diridir. ― The rice of the dish is [stil] raw.
- Synonym: çiy
- crumbly, friable, not overcooked
- stiff, undercooked, half-done, raw
Noun
editdiri (definite accusative dirini, plural dirilər)
- living person
- Ölülərimi, dirilərimi təhqir etdilər.
- They insulted dead and living relatives of mine.
- (literally, “They insulted my living and my dead.”)
Declension
editDeclension of diri | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | diri |
dirilər | ||||||
definite accusative | dirini |
diriləri | ||||||
dative | diriyə |
dirilərə | ||||||
locative | diridə |
dirilərdə | ||||||
ablative | diridən |
dirilərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | dirinin |
dirilərin |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Tağıyev M. T. et al., editors (2006), “diri”, in Azərbaycanca-rusca lüğət [Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary], volume I, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 791a
Cebuano
editEtymology
editFrom Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di-di,[1] from *di + *-di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Related to kari (“this”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editdirí
- here (place closer to speaker than listener)
- (colloquial) here (place near both the speaker and the listener)
- Synonym: dinhi
See also
editDirect* | Indirect* | Oblique | Locative | Allative | Existential** | Interjection** | Manner** | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | ||||
Near speaker*** | karí kirí |
ri | niari niiri |
ari iri |
kan-ari† kan-iri† |
dirí | ngarí | adia | dia | diará | dará | ingon ari | Ø |
Near speaker and listener*** | kaní kiní |
ni | niani niini |
ani ini |
kan-ani† kan-ini† |
dinhi | nganhi | ania | nia | niará | Ø | ingon ani | ing-ani in-ani |
Near listener | kanâ | nà | nianà | anà | kan-anà† | dinhà dirâ |
nganhà ngarâ |
anaa | naa | naará | nará | ingon anà | ing-anà in-anà |
Remote | kadto kató |
to | niadto niato |
adto ato |
kan-adto† | didto | ngadto | atua | tua | tuará | turá | ingon adto ingon ato |
ing-ato in-ato |
†Archaic *When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences. **Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial. ***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano. |
References
editEsperanto
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French dire and Italian dire.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editdiri (present diras, past diris, future diros, conditional dirus, volitive diru)
- to say, tell
- Diru al mi vian sekreton! ― Tell me your secret!
- Oni diras, ke la vetero estas pli agrabla tie. ― They say the weather is more pleasant there.
Conjugation
editConjugation of diri
|
See also
edit- paroli (“to speak”)
Haitian Creole
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editdiri
- rice
- W renmen manje diri blan?
- Do you like to eat white rice?
Hypernyms
editHungarian
editEtymology
editClipping and -i diminutive of direktor.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editdiri (plural dirik)
- (colloquial, dated) Synonym of igazgató (“principal [in school], director, manager”)
Declension
editInflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | diri | dirik |
accusative | dirit | diriket |
dative | dirinek | diriknek |
instrumental | dirivel | dirikkel |
causal-final | diriért | dirikért |
translative | dirivé | dirikké |
terminative | diriig | dirikig |
essive-formal | diriként | dirikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | diriben | dirikben |
superessive | dirin | diriken |
adessive | dirinél | diriknél |
illative | diribe | dirikbe |
sublative | dirire | dirikre |
allative | dirihez | dirikhez |
elative | diriből | dirikből |
delative | diriről | dirikről |
ablative | diritől | diriktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
dirié | diriké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
diriéi | dirikéi |
Possessive forms of diri | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | dirim | dirijeim (or diriim) |
2nd person sing. | dirid | dirijeid (or diriid) |
3rd person sing. | dirije | dirijei (or dirii) |
1st person plural | dirink | dirijeink (or diriink) |
2nd person plural | diritek | dirijeitek (or diriitek) |
3rd person plural | dirijük | dirijeik (or diriik) |
Further reading
edit- diri in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- diri in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Indonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editdiri (first-person possessive diriku, second-person possessive dirimu, third-person possessive dirinya)
- ego, self
- (psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.
- Synonym: ego
- (psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.
- person
Prefix
editdiri-
- use similar to English suffix -self
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “diri” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editdiri (Jawi spelling ديري)
- (intransitive) to stand
- (transitive) to establish
Derived terms
editRegular affixed derivations:
- pendiri [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pendirian [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- berpendirian [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + stative / habitual + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + beR- + -an)
- berdiri [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- mendirikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- didirikan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- terdiri [agentless action] (teR-)
Descendants
edit- Indonesian: diri
Noun
editdiri (Jawi spelling ديري, plural diri-diri, informal 1st possessive diriku, 2nd possessive dirimu, 3rd possessive dirinya)
Derived terms
editIrregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
Descendants
edit- Indonesian: diri
Further reading
edit- “diri” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mauritian Creole
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editNoun
editdiri
References
edit- Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français
Sumerian
editRomanization
editdiri
- Romanization of 𒋛𒀀 (diri)
Tagalog
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zizi (“disgusted; revolted”). Cognate with Malay jijik and Javanese ꦗꦶꦗꦶꦏ꧀ (jijik).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: di‧ri
Noun
editdiri (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
- disgust; revulsion; dislike of something dirty or foul
- Synonyms: rimarim, panririmarim, pangangani
- abhorrence; loathing; detestation
- Synonyms: suya, pagkasuya, suklam, pagkasuklam
Derived terms
editAdjective
editdirí (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
editTurkish
editEtymology
editFrom Ottoman Turkish دیری (diri), from Proto-Turkic *tīri-.
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tirig), Kazakh тірі (tırı), Kyrgyz тири (tiri), Uzbek tirik, Turkmen diri, and Chuvash чӗрӗ (čĕrĕ, “alive, living”).
Adjective
editdiri
Related terms
editReferences
edit- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “diri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دیری”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 935
- Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
Waray-Waray
editAdverb
editdiri
Interjection
editdiri
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with audio links
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani adjectives
- Azerbaijani terms with collocations
- Azerbaijani terms with usage examples
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano nouns
- Cebuano colloquialisms
- Cebuano location adverbs
- Esperanto terms borrowed from French
- Esperanto terms derived from French
- Esperanto terms borrowed from Italian
- Esperanto terms derived from Italian
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Esperanto/iri
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto verbs
- Esperanto terms with usage examples
- Esperanto BRO2
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole terms with audio links
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole nouns
- Haitian Creole terms with usage examples
- ht:Grains
- Hungarian noun clippings suffixed with -i (diminutive)
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ri
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ri/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian colloquialisms
- Hungarian dated terms
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ri
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ri/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Psychology
- Indonesian prefixes
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/i
- Rhymes:Malay/i/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay verbs
- Malay verbs without transitivity
- Malay intransitive verbs
- Malay transitive verbs
- Malay nouns
- Mauritian Creole terms derived from French
- Mauritian Creole lemmas
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- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾi
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾi/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog nouns
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- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
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- Waray-Waray lemmas
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