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{{Short description|Israeli public benefit company}}
[[File:Tsofen's logo.jpg|thumbnail|Tsofen's logo]]
{{Short description|Israeli non-profit promoting hi-tech in Arab society}}
⚫
'''Tsofen High Technology Centers Ltd''' is an Israeli-registered [[Nonprofit organization#Israel|public benefit company]] based in [[Nazareth]], northern [[Israel]], established as a joint Arab and Jewish [[nonprofit organization]] promoting hi-tech in [[Arab citizens of Israel|Israeli Arab]] society, as a lever for economic development and the creation of a shared society in Israel, based on equal participation in a sustainable economy. Tsofen's mission is to integrate Arabs into Israel’s hi-tech sector and bring hi-tech centers to Arab cities.
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tsofen High Technology Centers Ltd
| logo = Tsofen's logo.jpg
| logo_caption = Tsofen's logo
| formation = {{Start date and age|2008|df=yes}}
| founding_location = Nazareth, Israel
| purpose = Promoting hi-tech in Israeli Arab society
| headquarters = Nazareth, Israel; Kafr Qasim, Israel
| location_country = {{flag|Israel}}
| leader_title = CEO
| leader_name = Maisam Jaljuli
| key_people = Dr. Ramzi Halabi, Prof. Ziyad Hanna, David (Dadi) Perlmutter
| awards =
* Speaker of the Knesset Quality of Life prize for promoting mutual understanding between Jews and Arabs (2015)
* Abraham Fund Initiatives Shared Society Award (2018)
| website =
}}
⚫
'''Tsofen High Technology Centers Ltd''' is an Israeli-registered [[Nonprofit organization#Israel|public benefit company]] based in [[Nazareth]], northern [[Israel]], and [[Kafr Qasim]], in the centre, established as a joint Arab and Jewish [[nonprofit organization]] promoting hi-tech in [[Arab citizens of Israel|Israeli Arab]] society, as a lever for economic development and the creation of a shared society in Israel, based on equal participation in a [[sustainable economy]]. Tsofen's mission is to integrate Arabs into Israel’s hi-tech sector and bring hi-tech centers to Arab cities.


==History & leadership==
==History and leadership==
Tsofen was formed in Nazareth in 2008 by Smadar Nehab, a hi-tech entrepreneur, Sami Saadi, an independent CPA, and Yossi Coten, a former [[Amdocs]] executive. Currently operating from offices in Nazareth and [[Kafr Qasim]], Saadi remains one of its two CEOs, along with Paz Hirschmann. Tsofen's board, which is half Jewish and half Arab, and whose members include professionals with backgrounds in hi-tech, academia, and business, is chaired by Dr Ramzi Halabi, a former mayor of [[Daliyat al-Carmel]] and currently a lecturer at [[Tel Aviv University]]. Tsofen established the Public Council for Promoting Hi-Tech in the Arab Society in Israel, to support and facilitate its mission; it is co-chaired chaired by Professor Ziyad Hanna, VP of R&D at [[Cadence Design Systems|Cadence]] and [[Visiting Professor]] at [[Oxford University]], and David (Dadi) Perlmutter, former Executive Vice President, [[Intel Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tsofen.org/ |website=Tsofen High Technology Centers |title= Tsofen website |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
Tsofen was formed in Nazareth in 2008 by Smadar Nehab, a hi-tech entrepreneur, Sami Saadi, an independent CPA, and Yossi Coten, a former [[Amdocs]] executive. Saadi remained one of two Co-CEOs until stepping down at the end of February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pc.co.il/kehila/364313/ |website=People&Computers (Hebrew) |title= עושים כבוד לסאמי סעדי מארגון צופן |access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tsofen_farewell-message-from-tsofens-co-founder-activity-6905111566770151424-wSiE/ |website=LinkedIn |title= Tsofen LinkedIn |access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref> From the start of 2023, Tsofen moved to a single-CEO model whilst remaining a Jewish-Arab prganisation in terms of board leadership and staff. The current CEO is [[:he:מייסם ג'לג'ולי|Maisam Jaljuli (Hebrew)]], who replaced Saadi (as Co-CEO) in July 2022,.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/s1ukm1jo5 |website=Calcalist Tech |title= Tsofen Organization appoints Maisam Jaljuli as its new co-CEO |access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref> Tsofen's board, which is half Jewish and half Arab, and whose members include professionals with backgrounds in hi-tech, academia, and business, is chaired by Dr Ramzi Halabi, a former mayor of [[Daliyat al-Carmel]] and currently a lecturer at [[Tel Aviv University]]. Tsofen established the Public Council for Promoting Hi-Tech in the Arab Society in Israel, to support and facilitate its mission; it is co-chaired by Professor Ziyad Hanna, VP of R&D at [[Cadence Design Systems|Cadence]] and [[visiting professor]] at [[Oxford University]], and David (Dadi) Perlmutter, former executive vice president, [[Intel Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tsofen.org/ |website=Tsofen High Technology Centers |title= Tsofen website |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>


When Tsofen was established, Arab engineers accounted for 0.5% of employees in Israeli hi-tech (about 350 people).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iataskforce.org/sites/default/files/resource/resource-1630.pdf |title=Arab Citizens' Integration into Israeli High-Tech: Achievements and Emerging Issues |publisher=Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues |date=August 1, 2018 |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> Today, they represent 3.7% (about 5,500 people), and Tsofen's stated goal is to increase that percentage to at least 10% by 2025. At a time when there is a shortage of over 15,000 hi-tech engineers in Israel, the Arab community is a key demographic group with the potential to help meet the shortage, with thousands of suitably qualified Arabs who, for various reasons, either do not seek employment in hi-tech or cannot find a way in. In addition, increasing numbers of Arabs are studying hi-tech related subjects at tertiary level: whereas there were only 1,600 Arab graduates in high-tech academic studies between 1985 and 2014, over 2,200 Arab students enrolled in high-tech academic studies in 2016 alone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://innovationisrael.org.il/sites/default/files/SNC_2018_Human_Capital_Report_Final_0.pdf |title=Human Capital Survey Report 2018 |publisher=Israel Innovation Authority/Start-Up Nation Central |date=December 16, 2018|website=Israel Innovation Authority |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
When Tsofen was established, Arab engineers accounted for 0.5% of employees in Israeli hi-tech (about 350 people).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iataskforce.org/sites/default/files/resource/resource-1630.pdf |title=Arab Citizens' Integration into Israeli High-Tech: Achievements and Emerging Issues |publisher=Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues |date=August 1, 2018 |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> Today, they represent 3.7% (about 5,500 people), and Tsofen's stated goal is to increase that percentage to at least 10% by 2025. At a time when there is a shortage of over 15,000 hi-tech engineers in Israel, the Arab community is a key demographic group with the potential to help meet the shortage, with thousands of suitably qualified Arabs who, for various reasons, either do not seek employment in hi-tech or cannot find a way in. In addition, increasing numbers of Arabs are studying hi-tech related subjects at tertiary level: whereas there were only 1,600 Arab graduates in high-tech academic studies between 1985 and 2014, over 2,200 Arab students enrolled in high-tech academic studies in 2016 alone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://innovationisrael.org.il/sites/default/files/SNC_2018_Human_Capital_Report_Final_0.pdf |title=Human Capital Survey Report 2018 |publisher=Israel Innovation Authority/Start-Up Nation Central |date=December 16, 2018|website=Israel Innovation Authority |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>


Tsofen is a member of [http://www.co-impact.org.il Co-Impact] (formerly Collective Impact), the partnership for a Breakthrough in Arab Employment, which is a partner in President [[Reuven Rivlin]]’s [https://www.israeli-hope.gov.il/en Israeli Hope] initiative focusing on four aspects of Israeli society: Academia, Education, Sports and Employment.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.co-impact.org.il/collective-impact-partners |website=Co-Impact |access-date=March 10, 2019}}</ref>
Tsofen is a member of Co-Impact (formerly Collective Impact), the partnership for a Breakthrough in Arab Employment, which is a partner in ex-President [[Reuven Rivlin]]’s Israeli Hope initiative focusing on four aspects of Israeli society: Academia, Education, Sports and Employment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Co-Impact |url=https://co-impact.org.il/?lang=en |website=co-impact.org.il |access-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804193719/https://co-impact.org.il/?lang=en |archive-date=2020-08-04 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>


==Tsofen's theory of change==
==Tsofen's theory of change==
Line 13: Line 31:
==Tsofen's model==
==Tsofen's model==
* Nurturing human talent in Arab society by exposing high school students to hi-tech, providing applied technological training to academic students and graduates, and building networks for Arab hi-tech professionals, in cooperation with leading hi-tech firms.
* Nurturing human talent in Arab society by exposing Arab students to hi-tech, providing applied technological training to academic students and graduates, and building networks for Arab hi-tech professionals, in cooperation with leading hi-tech firms.
* Changing the hi-tech industry landscape by placing thousands of Arab engineers in jobs, by working with hi-tech firms to make recruitment and hiring policies more inclusive, and by bringing hi-tech businesses to Arab cities.
* Changing the hi-tech industry landscape by placing thousands of Arab engineers in jobs, by working with hi-tech firms to make recruitment and hiring policies more inclusive, and by bringing hi-tech businesses to Arab cities.
* Changing national policies and priorities by ‘mainstreaming’ its programs within the government, academia, and business sectors.
* Changing national policies and priorities by ‘mainstreaming’ its programs within the government, academia, and business sectors.


==Key Tsofen Accomplishments and Impact 2008-2018==
==Key Tsofen accomplishments and impact 2008–2023==
* Exposing 4,000 Arab high school students to the hi-tech industry and opening to them the option of a hi-tech career.
* Exposing more than 15,000 Arab high school students to the hi-tech industry and opening to them the option of a hi-tech career.
* 800 Arab undergraduate students and recent graduates completed 37 applied technological courses.
* 1,352 Arab undergraduate students and recent graduates completed 53 applied technological courses.
* Some 2,000 Arab engineers were placed in hi-tech jobs.
* Some 3,500 Arab engineers were placed in hi-tech jobs.
* 1,200 Arab engineers working in 80 hi-tech firms that opened in Nazareth since 2008, including: [[Microsoft]], Amdocs, [[Broadcom]], Alpha Omega, Galil Software, [[Salesforce.com|SalesForce]].
* 1,500 Arab engineers working in 80 hi-tech firms that opened in Nazareth since 2008, including: [[Microsoft]], [[Amdocs]], [[Broadcom]], Alpha Omega, Galil Software, [[Salesforce.com|SalesForce]].
* Tsofen's 5-year Plan for hi-tech and innovation in Arab society, developed with the [[High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel|National Arab Local Councils Committee in Israel]], was incorporated fully into government resolution 550, fully budgeted and confirmed by the [[Knesset]] in November 2021.
* In 2018, the [[Israeli government]] resolved to allocate 25 million [[New Israel Shekel]]s to developing hi-tech parks in two Arab cities.


==Awards==
==Awards==
Line 30: Line 48:
* 2017: Sami Saadi (Founding CEO) named in [[Calcalist]] 100 Most Influential List
* 2017: Sami Saadi (Founding CEO) named in [[Calcalist]] 100 Most Influential List
* 2018: [[Abraham Fund Initiatives]] Shared Society Award<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/abrahamfund.org/posts/1798674383592980 |title=Facebook announcement (Hebrew)|publisher=Abraham Fund Initiatives |date=November 13, 2018 |website=Facebook |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
* 2018: [[Abraham Fund Initiatives]] Shared Society Award<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/abrahamfund.org/posts/1798674383592980 |title=Facebook announcement (Hebrew)|publisher=Abraham Fund Initiatives |date=November 13, 2018 |website=Facebook |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
* 2018: Walaa Ibrahim, Tsofen's Head of Human Capital Development, was named by The Marker as one of 21 Women Changing the Face of Israeli Hi-Tech<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.themarker.com/themarker-women/1.6406489 |title=ואלאא איברהים: משלבת מאות אקדמאים ערבים במשרות פיתוח |publisher=TheMarker Women |date=September 2, 2018 |website=TheMarker |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
* 2018: Walaa Ibrahim, Tsofen's Head of Human Capital Development, was named by The Marker as one of 21 Women Changing the Face of Israeli Hi-Tech<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.themarker.com/themarker-women/1.6406489 |title=ואלאא איברהים: משלבת מאות אקדמאים ערבים במשרות פיתוח |publisher=TheMarker Women |date=September 2, 2018 |journal=TheMarker |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref>
* 2019: Prof Ziyad Hanna (Co-Chair of Tosfen’s Public Council) named in The Marker 100 Most Influential List<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.themarker.com/magazine/EXT-INTERACTIVE-1.8195518|title=100 המשפיעים |publisher=TheMarker|date=December 2019 |website=TheMarker |access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref>
* 2021: Tsofen chosen as semi-finalist #15 in the iValues: Rethink Politics in the MENA Region Awards for its 5-Year Policy Plan for Advancement of Hi-Tech in Israel's Arab Society.
* 2021: Sami Saadi (Founding & Retiring CEO) and David (Dadi) Perlmutter (Co-Chair of Tsofen’s Public Council) awarded Honorary Fellowships from Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=448381376789269&extid=NS-UNK-UNK-UNK-AN_GK0T-GK1C&ref=sharing|title=דבריו של המנכ״ל השותף בארגון צופן - סאמי סעדי בטקס הענקת התארים של מכללת אפקה (English subtitles) |publisher=Tsofen|date=December 28, 2021 |website=Facebook|access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tmi.maariv.co.il/the-lounge/Article-886414|title=הלאונג' (Hebrew) |publisher=Maariv|date=December 27, 2021 |website=Maariv|access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://finance.walla.co.il/item/3479224|title=הייטק צפוני (Hebrew) |publisher=Walla!|date=December 27, 2021 |website=Walla!|access-date=August 9, 2022}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 37: Line 58:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.tsofen.org}}
* {{Official website|http://www.tsofen.org}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZBfBRunlII Video shown at Tsofen's 15th Anniversary Conference in 2023, highlighting its achievements]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLB0lQVCPaw&feature=youtu.be Excerpt from Holy Land – Start-Up Nations: Tsofen’s Co-CEOs’ Insights]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLB0lQVCPaw&feature=youtu.be Excerpt from Holy Land – Start-Up Nations: Tsofen’s Co-CEOs’ Insights]
* [https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/cracking-the-code-on-strategy/ ‘Cracking the Code’ on Strategy, Times of Israel, 4 March 2019]
* [https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/cracking-the-code-on-strategy/ ‘Cracking the Code’ on Strategy, Times of Israel, 4 March 2019]

Latest revision as of 18:16, 5 August 2024

Tsofen High Technology Centers Ltd
Formation2008; 16 years ago (2008)
Founded atNazareth, Israel
PurposePromoting hi-tech in Israeli Arab society
HeadquartersNazareth, Israel; Kafr Qasim, Israel
Location
CEO
Maisam Jaljuli
Key people
Dr. Ramzi Halabi, Prof. Ziyad Hanna, David (Dadi) Perlmutter
Award(s)
  • Speaker of the Knesset Quality of Life prize for promoting mutual understanding between Jews and Arabs (2015)
  • Abraham Fund Initiatives Shared Society Award (2018)

Tsofen High Technology Centers Ltd is an Israeli-registered public benefit company based in Nazareth, northern Israel, and Kafr Qasim, in the centre, established as a joint Arab and Jewish nonprofit organization promoting hi-tech in Israeli Arab society, as a lever for economic development and the creation of a shared society in Israel, based on equal participation in a sustainable economy. Tsofen's mission is to integrate Arabs into Israel’s hi-tech sector and bring hi-tech centers to Arab cities.

History and leadership

[edit]

Tsofen was formed in Nazareth in 2008 by Smadar Nehab, a hi-tech entrepreneur, Sami Saadi, an independent CPA, and Yossi Coten, a former Amdocs executive. Saadi remained one of two Co-CEOs until stepping down at the end of February 2022.[1][2] From the start of 2023, Tsofen moved to a single-CEO model whilst remaining a Jewish-Arab prganisation in terms of board leadership and staff. The current CEO is Maisam Jaljuli (Hebrew), who replaced Saadi (as Co-CEO) in July 2022,.[3] Tsofen's board, which is half Jewish and half Arab, and whose members include professionals with backgrounds in hi-tech, academia, and business, is chaired by Dr Ramzi Halabi, a former mayor of Daliyat al-Carmel and currently a lecturer at Tel Aviv University. Tsofen established the Public Council for Promoting Hi-Tech in the Arab Society in Israel, to support and facilitate its mission; it is co-chaired by Professor Ziyad Hanna, VP of R&D at Cadence and visiting professor at Oxford University, and David (Dadi) Perlmutter, former executive vice president, Intel Corporation.[4]

When Tsofen was established, Arab engineers accounted for 0.5% of employees in Israeli hi-tech (about 350 people).[5] Today, they represent 3.7% (about 5,500 people), and Tsofen's stated goal is to increase that percentage to at least 10% by 2025. At a time when there is a shortage of over 15,000 hi-tech engineers in Israel, the Arab community is a key demographic group with the potential to help meet the shortage, with thousands of suitably qualified Arabs who, for various reasons, either do not seek employment in hi-tech or cannot find a way in. In addition, increasing numbers of Arabs are studying hi-tech related subjects at tertiary level: whereas there were only 1,600 Arab graduates in high-tech academic studies between 1985 and 2014, over 2,200 Arab students enrolled in high-tech academic studies in 2016 alone.[6]

Tsofen is a member of Co-Impact (formerly Collective Impact), the partnership for a Breakthrough in Arab Employment, which is a partner in ex-President Reuven Rivlin’s Israeli Hope initiative focusing on four aspects of Israeli society: Academia, Education, Sports and Employment.[7]

Tsofen's theory of change

[edit]

By supporting the integration of Arab engineers in Israel’s hi-tech industry—especially at a time when it is in great need of qualified personnel—Tsofen aims to influence a deep institutional effect on the industry’s make-up and culture, towards a wider impact: (a) As the Arab community contributes a greater share to Israel’s economic growth it will also enjoy its benefits more equally, improving the socio-economic status of the Arab community and reducing disparities, and (b) Arabs and Jews live will develop a shared society, beginning in the technological work-space, where daily work interactions and relationships are developed that change prejudice, stereotypes and biases.

Tsofen's model

[edit]
  • Nurturing human talent in Arab society by exposing Arab students to hi-tech, providing applied technological training to academic students and graduates, and building networks for Arab hi-tech professionals, in cooperation with leading hi-tech firms.
  • Changing the hi-tech industry landscape by placing thousands of Arab engineers in jobs, by working with hi-tech firms to make recruitment and hiring policies more inclusive, and by bringing hi-tech businesses to Arab cities.
  • Changing national policies and priorities by ‘mainstreaming’ its programs within the government, academia, and business sectors.

Key Tsofen accomplishments and impact 2008–2023

[edit]
  • Exposing more than 15,000 Arab high school students to the hi-tech industry and opening to them the option of a hi-tech career.
  • 1,352 Arab undergraduate students and recent graduates completed 53 applied technological courses.
  • Some 3,500 Arab engineers were placed in hi-tech jobs.
  • 1,500 Arab engineers working in 80 hi-tech firms that opened in Nazareth since 2008, including: Microsoft, Amdocs, Broadcom, Alpha Omega, Galil Software, SalesForce.
  • Tsofen's 5-year Plan for hi-tech and innovation in Arab society, developed with the National Arab Local Councils Committee in Israel, was incorporated fully into government resolution 550, fully budgeted and confirmed by the Knesset in November 2021.

Awards

[edit]
  • 2012: Sami Saadi (Founding CEO) named in The Marker 100 Most Influential List[8]
  • 2015: Speaker of the Knesset (Israel's parliament) Quality of Life prize for promoting mutual understanding between Jews and Arabs[9]
  • 2017: Sami Saadi (Founding CEO) named in Calcalist 100 Most Influential List
  • 2018: Abraham Fund Initiatives Shared Society Award[10]
  • 2018: Walaa Ibrahim, Tsofen's Head of Human Capital Development, was named by The Marker as one of 21 Women Changing the Face of Israeli Hi-Tech[11]
  • 2019: Prof Ziyad Hanna (Co-Chair of Tosfen’s Public Council) named in The Marker 100 Most Influential List[12]
  • 2021: Tsofen chosen as semi-finalist #15 in the iValues: Rethink Politics in the MENA Region Awards for its 5-Year Policy Plan for Advancement of Hi-Tech in Israel's Arab Society.
  • 2021: Sami Saadi (Founding & Retiring CEO) and David (Dadi) Perlmutter (Co-Chair of Tsofen’s Public Council) awarded Honorary Fellowships from Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering.[13][14][15]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "עושים כבוד לסאמי סעדי מארגון צופן". People&Computers (Hebrew). Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  2. ^ "Tsofen LinkedIn". LinkedIn. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  3. ^ "Tsofen Organization appoints Maisam Jaljuli as its new co-CEO". Calcalist Tech. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  4. ^ "Tsofen website". Tsofen High Technology Centers. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  5. ^ "Arab Citizens' Integration into Israeli High-Tech: Achievements and Emerging Issues" (PDF). Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues. August 1, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  6. ^ "Human Capital Survey Report 2018" (PDF). Israel Innovation Authority. Israel Innovation Authority/Start-Up Nation Central. December 16, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  7. ^ "Co-Impact". co-impact.org.il. Archived from the original on 2020-08-04. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Israel's 100 Most Influential People This Jewish Year / The Full List". Haaretz. The Marker. September 16, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  9. ^ "Knesset Speakers' Quality of Life Prize awarded to three NGOs; Edelstein: "You are the true leaders of Israeli society"". Knesset. Knesset Press Release. February 9, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  10. ^ "Facebook announcement (Hebrew)". Facebook. Abraham Fund Initiatives. November 13, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  11. ^ "ואלאא איברהים: משלבת מאות אקדמאים ערבים במשרות פיתוח". TheMarker. TheMarker Women. September 2, 2018. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  12. ^ "100 המשפיעים". TheMarker. TheMarker. December 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  13. ^ "דבריו של המנכ״ל השותף בארגון צופן - סאמי סעדי בטקס הענקת התארים של מכללת אפקה (English subtitles)". Facebook. Tsofen. December 28, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  14. ^ "הלאונג' (Hebrew)". Maariv. Maariv. December 27, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  15. ^ "הייטק צפוני (Hebrew)". Walla!. Walla!. December 27, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
[edit]
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