Dugu Qiubai
Dugu Qiubai | |
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Wuxia character | |
Created by | Jin Yong |
In-universe information | |
Nicknames | "Sword Devil" |
Gender | Male |
Dugu Qiubai | |||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | |||||||||||
Literal meaning | Loner seeking a defeat | ||||||||||
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Dugu Qiubai is a fictional character who is mentioned by name in three wuxia novels by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). He does not appear directly in any of the novels because he lived in an era long before the events of the novels took place. Nicknamed "Sword Devil" (
Name
[edit]Dugu Qiubai's family name Dugu (literally "alone") suggests that he was ethnically Xianbei; his given name "Qiubai" literally means "seek defeat". His full name thus roughly translates to "A Loner Who Seeks Defeat", representing his status as an invincible swordsman haunted by solitude, as no one can defeat or equal him in swordplay.
Fictional character biography
[edit]In this novel, set in the late Song dynasty (c. mid 13th century), Yang Guo inherits Dugu Qiubai's Heavy Sword Technique. He encounters the Condor, a giant eagle-like creature that was once a companion of Dugu Qiubai. The Condor saves Yang Guo after he loses his arm, and leads him to Dugu Qiubai's Tomb of Swords. Yang Guo learns Dugu Qiubai's skills with the help of the Condor and inherits the Heavy Iron Sword. The Heavy Sword Technique has a rigorous requirement on inner energy, emphasising simple swings and moves accompanied by potent inner energy exertion. Although it lacks the fancy and stylish movements of typical swordplay styles, it is more effective than the most complicated form of sword attacks. When Yang Guo is learning this technique, he notes that he can break average swords immediately when he channels his inner energy into the Heavy Iron Sword during duels. The sword's weight would also boost the power of his swings and thrusts. Yang Guo masters the inner energy technique used by Dugu Qiubai and fulfils the requirement.
Dugu Qiubai's swordplay technique, the Nine Swords of Dugu, is featured in this novel. The protagonist, Linghu Chong, learns this technique from the reclusive swordsman Feng Qingyang, and uses it to counter its "evil" counterpart, the Bixie Swordplay (辟邪
In a very brief inner monologue, Chengguan, a knowledgeable but naïve Shaolin monk, ponders about two great swordsmen in the past who fought with swords without following any defined stances: Dugu Qiubai and Linghu Chong.
Nine Swords of Dugu
[edit]Created by Dugu Qiubai, the Nine Swords of Dugu (
The nine stances are:
- General Index Stance (
總 訣式) - Sword-defeating Stance (
破 劍 式 ) - Saber-defeating Stance (
破 刀 式 ) - Spear-defeating Stance (
破 槍 式 ) - Whip-defeating Stance (
破 鞭 式 ) - Chain whip-defeating Stance (
破 索 式 ) - Palm-defeating Stance (
破 掌 式 ) - Arrow-defeating Stance (
破 箭 式 ) - Qi-defeating Stance (
破 氣 式 )
Tomb of Swords
[edit]Dugu Qiubai's final resting place is known as the Tomb of Swords. In The Return of the Condor Heroes the Condor leads Yang Guo to the Tomb, where Yang Guo reads a statement which Dugu Qiubai carved in stone:
"Having roamed the jianghu (martial artists' community) for more than 30 years, I have killed all my foes and defeated all champions. Under Heaven no one can be my equal. Without any other choice, I could only retreat and live in seclusion in this deep valley, with only a Condor as my companion. Alas, all my life, I have sought a match but in vain. Unbearable loneliness is my destiny." — "Sword Devil" Dugu Qiubai [1]
Yang Guo also read this at the Tomb of Swords:
"The "Sword Devil" Dugu Qiubai has become the invincible and unchallenged swordsman under Heaven, hence he buried his swords here. The heroes of the realm bow before me. Now, my Long Sword is of no use anymore. The agony!"[2]
- The first sword (present)
- "My first sword was so sharp, strong and fierce that none could withstand it. With it in hand, I strive for mastery by challenging all the heroes of the Northern Plains in my teenage years."[3]
- The second sword (not present, represented by a wooden tablet)
- "My second sword was violet in hue and flexible in motion. I used it in my 20s. With it, I have mistakenly wounded righteous men. It turned out to be a weapon of doom that caused me to feel remorse endlessly. I cast it into a deep canyon."[4]
- The third sword (present)
- "My third sword was heavy and blunt. The uttermost cunning is based on simplicity. With it, I roamed all lands under Heaven unopposed in my 30s."[5]
- The fourth sword (represented by a wooden sword)
- "After the age of 40, I was no longer hampered by any weapon. Grass, trees, bamboos and rocks can all be my swords. Since then, I have developed my skills further, such that gradually I can win battles without reaching for weapons."[6]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- (in Chinese) Tan, Xianmao (2005). Dugu Qiubai: The Image of a Lonely Genius Comes to Live. In Rankings of Jin Yong's Characters. Chinese Agricultural Press.