Jackson County, Illinois

Jackson County
County
Jackson County Courthouse in Murphysboro
Location within the U.S. state of Illinois
Illinois's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 37°47′N 89°23′W
Country	United States
State	Illinois
Founded	1816
Named for	Andrew Jackson
Seat	Murphysboro
Largest city	Carbondale
Area
• Total	602 sq mi (1,560 km2)
• Land	584 sq mi (1,510 km2)
• Water	18 sq mi (50 km2)  3.0%
Population  (2010)
• Total	60,218
• Density	103/sq mi (40/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	12th
Website	www.jacksoncounty-il.gov

Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois with a population of 60,218 at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Murphysboro, and its most populous city is Carbondale, home to the main campus of Southern Illinois University. The county was incorporated on January 10, 1816 and named for Andrew Jackson.

Jackson County is included in the Carbondale-Marion, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt".

History

Human occupation of Jackson County began about 11,500 years ago. Extensive documentation of the area's indigenous peoples has been conducted and is ongoing. Exploration from the European explorers began with the Joliet-Marquette exploration along the Mississippi River. It was not until the 18th and 19th century when pioneer farmers began to settle in the area's inexpensive land along the Mississippi River and in the forested Shawnee hills with its one-hundred-foot trees.

As early as 1813, Conrad Will, namesake of Will County, conducted a large salt extraction operation using slave labor on the banks of the Big Muddy River, south of today's Murphysboro. As this was in the "free" Northwest Territory, Will had to have a legal exemption to own slaves.

Jackson County was organized in 1816, having been carved out of Randolph County. It was named for Andrew Jackson, who had just defeated the British Army at the Battle of New Orleans.

Shortly after the American Civil War, General John A. Logan led a parade of veterans from Murphysboro to Carbondale, Illinois. General Logan, himself a Union veteran, invited the Confederate veterans, of which there were many in somewhat divided Jackson County, to march with him. What might have been another celebration of the Union victory became a memorial to the war dead on both sides. This is one possibility of the origin of the Memorial Day holiday.

In 1925 the great Tri-State Tornado ripped through Jackson County on March 18, leaving devastation in its path. The villages of Gorham and DeSoto and the city of Murphysboro were hit especially hard.

The county courthouse is in downtown Murphysboro. The current reinforced concrete courthouse replaced earlier wooden structures and was built during 1927-28. The original county seat was Brownsville along the Big Muddy River, but after the courthouse was destroyed by fire, the county government was moved upstream a few miles to Murphysboro. Few traces now remain of the old town of Brownsville. On February 27, 1843, the Illinois General Assembly created a commission to designate a new county seat for Jackson County.

• 
  Jackson County at the time of its creation to 1818, including unorganized territory (formerly part of Johnson County) temporarily attached to it
• 
  Jackson County between 1818 and 1827
• 
  Jackson County in 1827, when it was reduced slightly to its current size

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 602 square miles (1,560 km²), of which 584 square miles (1,510 km²) is land and 18 square miles (47 km²) (3.0%) is water. The average elevation is around 400 feet (120 m), except near the Mississippi River.

The first coal mine in Illinois was opened on the south bank of the Big Muddy River near the present-day Route 127 Bridge.

Climate and weather

Murphysboro, Illinois
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     2.9     39 21     3     45 24     4.3     55 33     4.5     66 42     4.8     76 52     4.8     84 61     3.4     88 66     3.9     87 63     3.1     80 55     2.9     69 43     4.6     55 35     3.7     44 26 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: The Weather Channel
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     74     4 −6     76     7 −4     108     13 1     113     19 6     121     24 11     121     29 16     85     31 19     100     31 17     80     27 13     74     21 6     117     13 2     94     7 −3 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Murphysboro have ranged from a low of 21 °F (−6 °C) in January to a high of 88 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −25 °F (−32 °C) was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of 113 °F (45 °C) was recorded in August 1930. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.91 inches (74 mm) in January to 4.78 inches (121 mm) in May.

Major highways

• U.S. Highway 51
• Illinois Route 3
• Illinois Route 4
• Illinois Route 13
• Illinois Route 127
• Illinois Route 149
• Illinois Route 151

Adjacent counties

• Perry County - north
• Franklin County - northeast
• Williamson County - east
• Union County - southeast
• Perry County, Missouri - west
• Randolph County - northwest

National protected areas

• Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge (part)
• Shawnee National Forest (part)

Demographics

2000 census age pyramid for Jackson County, skewed by Southern Illinois University

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1820	1,542		—
1830	1,828		18.5%
1840	3,566		95.1%
1850	5,862		64.4%
1860	9,589		63.6%
1870	19,634		104.8%
1880	22,505		14.6%
1890	27,809		23.6%
1900	33,871		21.8%
1910	35,143		3.8%
1920	37,091		5.5%
1930	35,680		−3.8%
1940	37,920		6.3%
1950	38,124		0.5%
1960	42,151		10.6%
1970	55,008		30.5%
1980	61,522		11.8%
1990	61,067		−0.7%
2000	59,612		−2.4%
2010	60,218		1.0%
2016 (est.)	58,870		−2.2%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2013

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 60,218 people, 25,538 households, and 12,621 families residing in the county. The population density was 103.1 inhabitants per square mile (39.8/km²). There were 28,578 housing units at an average density of 48.9 per square mile (18.9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 77.8% white, 14.3% black or African American, 3.2% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.6% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 26.0% were German, 14.5% were Irish, 10.6% were English, and 5.7% were American.

Of the 25,538 households, 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.5% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 50.6% were non-families, and 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age was 29.1 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,169 and the median income for a family was $50,787. Males had a median income of $42,747 versus $31,244 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,294. About 17.4% of families and 28.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Much of the county's economic situation is dependent upon Southern Illinois University Carbondale and the city of Carbondale. A rapidly developing city, it is part of the Metro Lakeland area consisting mainly of the major communities of Carbondale, Marion, Herrin, and Carterville. The outer regions of the Metro include Murphysboro, the rest of Jackson County, the rest of Williamson County, Perry County, and Saline County. Jackson County is also located near the Shawnee Hills Wine Trail. Once a small business, the wine trail has evolved into a booming tourist attraction.

Communities

Cities

• Ava
• Carbondale
• Grand Tower
• Murphysboro

Villages

• Campbell Hill
• De Soto
• Dowell
• Elkville
• Gorham
• Jacob
• Makanda
• Vergennes

Census-designated place

• Harrison

Townships

Jackson County is divided into sixteen townships:

• Bradley
• Carbondale
• DeSoto
• Degognia
• Elk
• Fountain Bluff
• Grand Tower
• Kinkaid
• Levan
• Makanda
• Murphysboro
• Ora
• Pomona
• Sand Ridge
• Somerset
• Vergennes

Politics

Presidential Elections Results

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2016	44.1% 10,843	47.3% 11,634	8.7% 2,140
2012	40.9% 9,864	55.3% 13,319	3.8% 921
2008	37.8% 9,687	59.5% 15,248	2.7% 682
2004	43.3% 11,190	55.4% 14,300	1.3% 336
2000	42.5% 9,823	51.0% 11,773	6.5% 1,494
1996	33.7% 7,422	55.5% 12,214	10.8% 2,375
1992	28.2% 6,899	54.7% 13,373	17.0% 4,162
1988	45.7% 9,687	53.5% 11,334	0.8% 164
1984	52.6% 13,609	46.7% 12,105	0.7% 182
1980	44.1% 10,505	43.2% 10,291	12.7% 3,033
1976	42.1% 10,152	53.6% 12,940	4.3% 1,030
1972	48.4% 12,393	51.4% 13,146	0.2% 55
1968	46.5% 9,134	45.1% 8,856	8.5% 1,667
1964	36.6% 7,013	63.4% 12,165
1960	55.3% 10,568	44.6% 8,527	0.1% 17
1956	58.7% 10,526	41.2% 7,391	0.1% 10
1952	57.7% 10,193	42.2% 7,457	0.1% 24
1948	53.8% 8,288	45.0% 6,939	1.2% 181
1944	59.6% 10,002	40.1% 6,735	0.3% 54
1940	55.2% 11,980	44.2% 9,600	0.6% 128
1936	50.4% 10,363	48.5% 9,971	1.0% 212
1932	43.1% 7,636	54.9% 9,730	2.0% 349
1928	60.8% 9,180	38.6% 5,836	0.6% 86
1924	49.3% 6,424	36.1% 4,707	14.6% 1,899
1920	60.0% 8,003	34.3% 4,575	5.8% 769
1916	54.1% 8,356	43.9% 6,780	2.0% 311
1912	35.5% 2,780	42.4% 3,323	22.1% 1,730
1908	53.1% 4,016	41.6% 3,149	5.3% 403
1904	56.3% 3,984	33.2% 2,350	10.5% 742
1900	51.0% 4,054	46.8% 3,723	2.2% 177
1896	50.9% 3,879	47.7% 3,631	1.4% 110
1892	46.9% 3,031	44.2% 2,858	8.8% 571

Jackson County has had a distinctive political history owing to the combination of its typically “Southern” Southern Illinois culture with the presence in recent times of a strong student body in Carbondale. In its early years Jackson County was solidly Democratic: no Republican was to carry the county until Benjamin Harrison – despite losing the 1892 election – won it from Grover Cleveland. For the following seven decades Jackson County turned solidly Republican: only Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first 1932 election won a majority, and the only other Democrat plurality was that of Woodrow Wilson in 1912 when the Republican Party was mortally divided.

The 1964 election saw Jackson County turn strongly Democratic due to the growth of student opposition to the conservative Republican nominee Barry Goldwater, and this student liberalism was sufficient eight years later to make Jackson County the only county in Illinois to vote for George McGovern over Richard Nixon, and one of five to vote for McGovern in 1972 and Alf Landon in 1936. Ronald Reagan did carry Jackson County in both his 1980 and 1984 triumphs, but he remains the last Republican to carry the county, although in common with the rest of Southern Illinois Mitt Romney and Donald Trump made substantial gains on previous GOP performances.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Illinois

External links

• Jackson County official website