Yang Zhuang language

Not to be confused with Yang language.

Yang Zhuang
Dejing
Káang Thó
Native to	China
Region	Southwestern Guangxi
Native speakers	770,000 in China (2004)
Language family	Kra–Dai Tai Central Tai Yang Zhuang
Language codes
ISO 639-3	zyg
Glottolog	yang1286
Geographic distribution of Yang Zhuang.

Yang Zhuang is a Tai language spoken in southwestern Guangxi, China, in Napo, Jingxi and Debao counties.

Li Jinfang (1999) suggests that the Yang Zhuang originally spoke the Buyang language, and later assimilated with other Tai-speaking peoples (See Buyang people#History).

Distribution

Zhuang dialects given in the county almanacs of Jingxi County, Debao County, and Napo County are listed below. This region is also known as the "Dejing" 德とく靖やすし area. All names and statistics are from the local county almanacs (县志), as quoted in Jackson et al. (2012). Note that these divisions are often ethnic rather than geographic. Thus, some "Yang" peoples may actually speak non-Yang Zhuang dialects, and vice versa. Jackson (2011) shows that most Yang dialects do indeed form a distinctive subgroup against Fu (also shown to be a distinctive subgroup) and Nong.

Variants with multiple names include:

• Yang 仰おおせ in Jingxi / Nongshun 农顺 in Napo
• Fu 府ふ in Jingxi / Lang 狼おおかみ in Debao / Nongfu 农府 in Napo
• Zuozhou 佐さ州しゅう in Jingxi / Zhazhou 炸州 in Napo

Jingxi County

Below are the various Zhuang dialects of Jingxi County. The townships with which the most speakers of the dialect live in are also given. Only "Yang 仰おおせ" corresponds to Yang Zhuang.

• Yang 仰おおせ: 371,892 speakers; all townships
• Zong 宗むね: 75,957 speakers; Ande 安德あんとく, Nanpo 南みなみ坡乡, Sanhe 三さん合ごう, Guole 果はて乐乡
• Long'an 隆りゅう安やすし (Nong'an 侬安): 26,102 speakers; Quyang 渠みぞ洋よう镇, Sanhe 三さん合ごう, Bameng 巴ともえ蒙こうむ, Dadao 大道だいどう, Longlin 龙临镇
• Zuozhou 佐さ州しゅう: 27,011 speakers; Xinxu 新しん圩, Dadao 大道だいどう, Longlin 龙临镇, Ronglao 荣劳, Ludong 禄ろく峒
• Rui/Yei 锐: 11,304 speakers; Kuixiu 魁さきがけ圩乡, Bameng 巴ともえ蒙こうむ
• Sheng 省しょう: 14,718 speakers; Kuixiu 魁さきがけ圩乡, Nanpo 南みなみ坡乡
• Fu 府ふ: 1,146 speakers; Bameng 巴ともえ蒙こうむ, Dadao 大道だいどう
• Total: 528,130

Debao County

Zhuang dialects of Debao County are:

• Lang 狼おおかみ话： 255,000 speakers in all townships
• Min 敏さとし话： 17,000 speakers in Fuping township 扶平, near Napo County
• Nong Zhuang 侬话
  • Nong Zhuang 侬话 (Southern): 17,000 speakers in Ma'ai township 马隘, Du'an township 都と安やす, and 4 villages in Dongguan township 东关
  • Nong Zhuang 侬话 (Northern - Baise): 34,000 speakers in Dongling township 东凌 and Puxu township 朴ほお圩
  • Nong Zhuang 侬话 (Northern - Tiandong): 17,000 speakers in Longsang township 隆たかし桑くわ
• Total: 340,000

Napo County

Yang 央ひさし dialects of Napo County are:

• Yangzhou 央ひさし州しゅう: 41 villages
• Yangdong 央ひさし垌: 100 villages
• Yanggai 央ひさし改あらため: 3 villages
• Yangwu 央ひさし伍ご (Yangniao 央ひさし鸟): 24 villages
• Yangtai 央ひさし台だい: 22 villages
• Yangwo 央ひさし窝
• Yanglong 央ひさし龙
• Yangyin 央ひさし音おん
• Yangjie 央ひさし介かい
• Yangnan 央ひさし南みなみ

Non-Yang dialects and their distributions in Napo County are:

• Min 敏さとし话: all townships
• Dong 峒话
• Nong 农话
  • Nongshun 农顺: Longhe township 龙合
  • Nongfu 农府: Chengxiang township 城じょう厢
• Bunong 布ぬの侬: Baidu township 百ひゃく都と, Baisheng township 百ひゃく省しょう
• Rui/Yei 锐: Longhe township 龙合
• Ao 嗷: Chengxiang township 城じょう厢
• Sheng 省しょう: Pingmeng township 平たいら孟はじめ
• Jue 决: Chengxiang township 城じょう厢
• Yong 拥
• Long'an 隆りゅう安やすし: Longhe township 龙合, Baidu township 百ひゃく都と, Chengxiang township 城じょう厢
• Zhazhou 炸州: Longhe township 龙合

Orthography

Initials

• p/b - [p]
• ph - [pʰ]
• mb - [ˀb/ɓ]
• m/mh - [m]
• f/v - [f]
• t/d - [t]
• th - [tʰ]
• nd - [ˀd/ɗ]
• n/nh - [n]
• l/lh - [l]
• r/rh - [ɹ/ɹ̥/ð]
• sl/zl - [ɬ/θしーた]
• c/j - [t͡s/t͡ɕ]
• s/z - [s/ʑ]
• k/g - [k]
• kh - [kʰ]
• ng/ngh - [ŋ]
• x - [ɣ]
• w/wh - [w]
• qw - [ˀw]
• y/yh - [j]
• qy - [ˀj]
• h - [h]
• - - [ʔ]
• kw/gw - [kw]
• khw - [kʰw]
• ngw/nghw - [ŋw]
• py/by - [pj]
• phy - [pʰj]
• my/mhy - [mj]
• ky/gy - [kj]
• khy - [kʰj]
• ngy/nghy - [ŋj]

Initials for Chinese loanwords

• ch - [t͡sʰ/t͡ɕʰ/s/ɕ]
• ty - [ty]
• thy - [tʰj]
• sy - [sj/ɕj]
• cy - [t͡sj/t͡ɕj]
• chy - [t͡sʰj/t͡ɕʰj/sj/ɕj]
• sly - [θしーたj/ɬj]
• ny - [ɲ]
• ly - [lj]
• hy - [hj]
• hw - [ʍ]

Rimes

• a - [a]
• aay - [aːj]
• aaw - [aːw]
• aam - [aːm]
• aan - [aːn]
• aang - [aːŋ]
• aap - [aːp]
• aat - [aːt]
• aak - [aːk]
• ay - [ɐj]
• aw - [ɐw]
• am - [ɐm]
• an - [ɐn]
• ang - [ɐŋ]
• ap - [ɐp]
• at - [ɐt]
• ak - [ɐk]
• ee - [eː]
• ey - [ej/əj]
• ew - [eːw]
• eem - [eːm]
• een - [eːn]
• eeng - [eːŋ]
• eep - [eːp]
• eet - [eːt]
• eek - [eːk]
• oe - [øː]
• oey - [øːj]
• oem - [øːm]
• oen - [øːn]
• oet - [øːt]
• i - [iː]
• iw - [iːw]
• im - [iːm]
• in - [iːn]
• ing - [iːŋ]
• ip - [iːp]
• it - [iːt]
• ik - [iːk]
• e - [əː]
• em - [əːm]
• en - [əːn]
• eng - [əːŋ]
• ep - [əːp]
• et - [əːt]
• ek - [əːk]
• iep - [əp]
• iet - [ət]
• iek - [ək]
• oi - [yː]
• oim - [yːm]
• oin - [yːn]
• oing - [yːŋ]
• oit - [yːt]
• oik - [yːk]
• o - [oː]
• ooy - [oːj]
• ow - [oːw]
• oom - [oːm]
• oon - [oːn]
• oong - [oːŋ]
• oop - [oːp]
• oot - [oːt]
• ook - [oːk]
• oa/oh - [ɔː]
• oy - [ɔːɥ/ɔːj]
• om - [ɔːm]
• on - [ɔːn]
• ong - [ɔːŋ]
• op - [ɔːp]
• ot - [ɔːt]
• ok - [ɔːk]
• u - [uː]
• uy - [uːj]
• uum - [uːm]
• uun - [uːn]
• uung - [uːŋ]
• uup - [uːp]
• uut - [uːt]
• uuk - [uːk]
• um - [ʊm]
• un - [ʊn]
• up - [ʊp]
• uk - [ʊk]
• oup - [ʊp]
• out - [ʊt]
• ouk - [ʊk]
• ui - [ɯː]

Notes and references

• Jackson, Eric M., Emily H.S. Jackson, and Shuh Huey Lau. 2012. "A sociolinguistic survey of the Dejing Zhuang dialect area." SIL International, Electronic Survey Reports 2012–036.
• Johnson, Eric C. 2011a. "The Southern Zhuang Languages of Yunnan Province's Wenshan Prefecture from a Sociolinguistic Perspective." [Working paper]. S.l.: s.n. 49 pages.
• Johnson, Eric C. 2011b. "A Lexical and Phonological Comparison of the Central Taic Languages of Wenshan Prefecture, China: Getting More Out of Language Survey Wordlists Than Just Lexical Similarity Percentages." SIL Electronic Working Papers 2011-005: 170.
• Li Jinfang (1999). Buyang yu yan jiu. Beijing: Central University for Nationalities Press.

External links

• Audio of Yang Zhuang