偶

See also: 耦

偶 U+5076, 偶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5076 ← 偵 [U+5075] CJK Unified Ideographs 偷 → [U+5077]

Translingual

Han character

偶 (Kangxi radical 9, 人ひと+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人ひと田中たなか月がつ (OWLB), four-corner 2622₇, composition ⿰亻禺)

Derived characters

• 𠽀, 𢠉, 𣼱, 𦸲, 𢠙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 112, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 899
• Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 190, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5076

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Chinese

trad.		偶
simp. #		偶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偶
Small seal script s05899
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (禺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
齵	*ŋoː, *ŋo
偶	*ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs
耦	*ŋoːʔ
藕はす	*ŋoːʔ
髃	*ŋoːʔ, *ŋo
蕅	*ŋoːʔ
愚ぐ	*ŋo
隅すみ	*ŋo
禺	*ŋo, *ŋos
湡	*ŋo
堣	*ŋo
嵎	*ŋo
鰅	*ŋo, *ŋoŋ
鍝	*ŋo
遇ぐう	*ŋos
寓ぐう	*ŋos
庽	*ŋos
媀	*ŋos
喁	*ŋoŋ
顒	*ŋoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) – a statue of a person, an idol.

Etymology 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 偶

1. idol

   偶像ぞう  ―  ǒuxiàng  ―  idol

   穿ほじ8號ごう球たま衣ころも的てき那な個こ運うん動員どういん是これ我わが的てき偶像ぞう！ [MSC, trad.]
   穿ほじ8号ごう球たま衣ころも的てき那な个运动员是これ我わが的てき偶像ぞう！ [MSC, simp.]

   Chuān bā hào qiúyī de nà ge yùndòngyuán shì wǒ de ǒuxiàng! [Pinyin]

   The athlete wearing no. 8 is my idol!

2. couple, pair
3. even (number)

   偶數かず／偶数かず  ―  ǒushù  ―  even number

4. (slang, cute-sounding) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 我わが (wǒ, “I”).

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ǒu (ou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu
    • Wade–Giles: ou³
    • Yale: ǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
    • Palladius: оу (ou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngau⁵
    • Yale: ngáuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: nguwH

Rime
Character	偶
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	疑うたぐ (31)
Final (韻いん)	侯ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	五ご遘切きり
Baxter	nguwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəwH/
Li Rong	/ŋuH/
Wang Li	/ŋəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	òu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偶
Reading #	2/2
No.	15918
Phonetic component	禺
Rime group	侯ほう
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	偶
Old Chinese	/*ŋoːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 偶

1. accidentally, coincidentally, by accident, by chance, occasionally

   偶爾なんじ／偶尔  ―  ǒu'ěr  ―  occasionally

   偶然しか  ―  ǒurán  ―  occasionally, accidentally

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Japanese

Kanji

偶

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: ごう (gō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぐう (gū, Jōyō)
• Kun: たぐい (tagui, 偶)、たまたま (tamatama, 偶)

Compounds

• 偶然ぐうぜん

• 配偶はいぐう者しゃ(はいぐうしゃ) (haigūsha, “spouse”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
偶
たま Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative forms

• 適てき

Adjective

偶(たま) • (tama) -na (adnominal 偶(たま)な (tama na), adverbial 偶(たま)に (tama ni))

1. occasional

Inflection

Inflection of 偶

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた)	偶だろ	たまだろ	tama daro
Continuative (連用形れんようけい)	偶で	たまで	tama de
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた)	偶だ	たまだ	tama da
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた)	偶な	たまな	tama na
Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた)	偶なら	たまなら	tama nara
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた)	偶であれ	たまであれ	tama de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	偶ではない 偶じゃない	たまではない たまじゃない	tama de wa nai tama ja nai
Informal past	偶だった	たまだった	tama datta
Informal negative past	偶ではなかった 偶じゃなかった	たまではなかった たまじゃなかった	tama de wa nakatta tama ja nakatta
Formal	偶です	たまです	tama desu
Formal negative	偶ではありません 偶じゃありません	たまではありません たまじゃありません	tama de wa arimasen tama ja arimasen
Formal past	偶でした	たまでした	tama deshita
Formal negative past	偶ではありませんでした 偶じゃありませんでした	たまではありませんでした たまじゃありませんでした	tama de wa arimasen deshita tama ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	偶で	たまで	tama de
Conditional	偶なら（ば）	たまなら（ば）	tama nara (ba)
Provisional	偶だったら	たまだったら	tama dattara
Volitional	偶だろう	たまだろう	tama darō
Adverbial	偶たまに	たまに	tama ni
Degree	偶さ	たまさ	tamasa

Noun

偶(たま) • (tama) 

1. rarity

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
偶
たまたま Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative forms

• 偶偶, 偶々
• 適てき

Adverb

偶(たまたま) • (tamatama) 

1. unexpectedly, by chance; luckily

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC nguwX, “idol; pair”) and 偶 (MC nguwH, “by chance”).

Hanja

Wikisource

偶 (eumhun 짝 우 (jjak u))

1. hanja form^? of 우 (“idol; pair”)
2. hanja form^? of 우 (“by chance”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 우상 (偶像ぐうぞう, usang)
• 대우 (對偶たいぐう, dae'u)
• 배우자 (配偶はいぐう者しゃ, bae'uja)

• 우연 (偶然ぐうぜん, uyeon)
• 우발 (偶發ぐうはつ, ubal)
• 우이 (偶爾, u'i)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

偶: Hán Nôm readings: ngẫu, ngẩu, ngậu

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