點てん

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See also: 点てん
點てん U+9EDE, 點
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EDE
← 黝
[U+9EDD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黟 →
[U+9EDF]

Translingual

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Japanese 点てん
Simplified 点てん
Traditional 點てん

Han character

[edit]

點てん (Kangxi radical 203, 黑くろ+5, 17 strokes, cangjie input 田た火ひ卜ぼく口こう (WFYR), four-corner 61360, composition ⿰黑くろ占うらない)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2053, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4745, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+9EDE

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 點てん
simp. 点てん
2nd round simp. ⿱占うらない一いち
alternative forms 㸃
奌

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 點てん
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (占うらない) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘ねば *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占うらない *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫とま *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點てん *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店みせ *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈ひね *neːm
鮎あゆ *neːm
砧きぬた *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼は *tʰeːb
帖じょう *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *teːmʔ) : semantic 黑くろ (“black”) + phonetic 占うらない (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots.

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dēng - vernacular;
  • diēng - literary.
Note:
  • diam2 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • diang2 - Chenghai.
Note: 1tie — Chongming, "A bit".
Rime
Character 點てん
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 端はし (5)
Final (韻いん) 添 (157)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) IV
Fanqie 多おお忝かたじけな切きり
Baxter temX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/temX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/temX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛmX/
Li
Rong 		/temX/
Wang
Li 		/tiemX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tiemX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		diǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dim2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 點てん
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		diǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ temX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁemʔ/
English black spot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 點てん
Reading # 1/1
No. 16721
Phonetic
component 		占うらない
Rime
group 		談だん
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		點てん
Old
Chinese 		/*teːmʔ/

Definitions

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點てん

  1. dot; spot; speck
    在ざい地圖ちず上うえ，城しろ鎮是これ用よう小しょう紅べに點てん標しめぎ出で的てき。 [MSC, trad.]
    在ざい地ち图上うえ，城しろ镇是これ用よう小しょう红点てん标出で的てき。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài dìtú shàng, chéngzhèn shì yòng xiǎo hóng diǎn biāo chū de. [Pinyin]
    On the map towns were marked by a red dot.
    船ふね在ざい遠とお處しょ的てき水平すいへい線せん上うえ成なり了りょう一いち個こ小しょう點てん。 [MSC, trad.]
    船ふね在ざい远处的てき水平すいへい线上うえ成なり了りょう一いち个小しょう点てん。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chuán zài yuǎnchù de shuǐpíngxiàn shàng chéngle yī ge xiǎo diǎn. [Pinyin]
    The ship became a mere dot on the horizon.
  2. place; point; spot
  3. point; aspect
    他た在ざい這點てん上うえ很堅持けんじ。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た在ざい这点てん上うえ很坚持。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài zhè diǎn shàng hěn jiānchí. [Pinyin]
    He is most insistent on this point.
  4. o'clock
    See also: 點てん鐘がね
    我わが今こん天てん6點てん去さ看み他た。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが今こん天てん6点てん去さ看み他た。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ jīntiān 6 diǎn qù kàn tā. [Pinyin]
    I am going to see him today at six o'clock.
    現在げんざい幾いく點てん了りょう？六ろく點てん了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    现在几点てん了りょう？六ろく点てん了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le? Liù diǎn le. [Pinyin]
    What time is it? It's six o'clock.
    點てん零れい兩りょう點てん／点てん零れい两点てん [Cantonese]  ―  dim2 leng4 loeng5 dim2 [Jyutping]  ―  almost two o'clock (literally, “one o'clock plus a bit, two o'clock”)
  5. time
    飯めし點てん／饭点てん  ―  fàndiǎn  ―  mealtime
  6. (mathematics) point
    我わが們可か以用よう一いち條じょう直線ちょくせん把わ點てんA和わB聯れん結ゆい起おこり來らい。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが们可か以用よう一いち条じょう直ちょく线把わ点てんA和わB联结起おこり来らい。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen kěyǐ yòng yī tiáo zhíxiàn bǎ diǎn A hé B liánjié qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    We can join point A to point B with a straight line.
  7. (mathematics) decimal point
    三さん點てん二に四よん／三さん点てん二に四よん  ―  sān diǎn èr sì  ―  three point two four
    點てん分ぶん十じゅう進しん制せい／点てん分ぶん十じゅう进制  ―  diǎnfēn shíjìnzhì  ―  dot-decimal notation (lit. dot-delimited decimal)
  8. percent; percentage point
    我わが們今年ことし的てき利潤りじゅん是これ八はち個こ點てん。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが们今年ことし的てき利り润是これ八はち个点てん。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen jīnnián de lìrùn shì bā ge diǎn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  9. drop
    雨あめ點てん／雨あめ点てん  ―  yǔdiǎn  ―  raindrop
  10. (Chinese calligraphy) a dot stroke (㇔)
  11. to nominate; to mention (one's name)
    老師ろうし點てん你回答かいとう問題もんだい。 [MSC, trad.]
    老ろう师点てん你回答かいとう问题。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎoshī diǎn nǐ huídá wèntí. [Pinyin]
    The teacher asked you to answer the question.
  12. to count
    點てん鈔／点てん钞  ―  diǎnchāo  ―  to count banknotes
  13. to choose; to select; to order (food)
    Synonym: 叫さけべ (jiào)
    他た們點てん了りょう一いち些食物しょくもつ和わ一いち大だい碗わん湯ゆ。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た们点てん了りょう一いち些食物しょくもつ和わ一いち大だい碗わん汤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen diǎn le yī xiē shíwù hé yī dà wǎn tāng. [Pinyin]
    They ordered some food and a big bowl of soup.
  14. to nod
    他た點てん一いち下か頭あたま，指ゆび明あきら了りょう這個こ地方ちほう。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た点てん一いち下か头，指ゆび明あきら了りょう这个地方ちほう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā diǎn yīxià tóu, zhǐmíng le zhè ge dìfāng. [Pinyin]
    He indicated the place by a nod of his head.
  15. to point
  16. to tap; to touch
  17. to click
    See also: 點てん擊げき
  18. to light; to ignite
    點てん香こう／点てん香こう  ―  diǎnxiāng  ―  to burn incense
  19. a little; a bit; some
    你能のう再さい給きゅう我わが點てん茶ちゃ嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你能のう再さい给我わが点てん茶ちゃ吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ néng zài gěi wǒ diǎn chá ma? [Pinyin]
    Would you please give me some more tea?
    我わが想そう要よう點てん蛋糕。／我わが想そう要よう点てん蛋糕。  ―  Wǒ xiǎngyào diǎn dàngāo.  ―  I want some cake.
    他た有ゆう點てん蒼白そうはく。／他た有ゆう点てん苍白。  ―  Tā yǒu diǎn cāngbái.  ―  He's a little pale.
    今こん天てん有ゆう點てん冷ひや。／今こん天てん有ゆう点てん冷ひや。  ―  Jīntiān yǒu diǎn lěng.  ―  It's a little cold today.
  20. (finance) point (in a stock market index)
  21. (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce)
  22. (Cantonese) to trick; to misguide
    老ろう點てん／老ろう点てん [Cantonese]  ―  lou5 dim2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  23. (Cantonese) to command
  24. (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) extreme (Classifier: 個こ／个 c)
    攰到いた一いち個こ點てん／攰到いた一いち个点てん [Cantonese]  ―  gui6 dou3 jat1 go3 dim2 [Jyutping]  ―  extremely tired (literally, “tired to an extreme”)
Usage notes
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點てん／点てん (diǎn) is often used for "o'clock", following the numbered hour: e.g. "three o'clock" is 三さん點てん／三さん点てん (sāndiǎn). 點てん鐘がね／点てん钟 (diǎnzhōng) would be used in the expression "1 o'clock" or "2 o'clock", in order to avoid confusion between 一いち點てん／一いち点てん (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "a bit") and 一いち點てん／一いち点てん (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "1 o'clock"). When spoken out, 一いち點てん／一いち点てん (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "1 o'clock") is usually pronounced yī diǎn, without the tone sandhi, while 一いち點てん／一いち点てん (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "a bit") is pronounced yì diǎn, following the sandhi rule.

When followed by the minutes, 點てん／点てん (diǎn) is used instead of 點てん鐘がね／点てん钟 (diǎnzhōng) as in 十じゅう二に點てん三さん十じゅう分ぶん. In formal writing (but not in speech), 時とき／时 (shí) is used to denote hours, e.g. 十じゅう二に時とき三さん十じゅう分ぶん.

Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 點てん (“(decimal) point”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 點てん
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 點てん
Singapore 點てん
Cantonese Guangzhou 點てん, 定點ていてん
Hong Kong 點てん
Dialectal synonyms of 蘸 (“to dip in”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蘸1
Northeastern Mandarin Singapore 點てん
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蘸1
Xi'an 蘸1
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蘸1
Cantonese Guangzhou 蘸2, 點てん
Hong Kong 蘸2, 點てん
Taishan 蘸3, 點てん
Kaiping (Chikan) 點てん
Gan Nanchang 蘸1
Lichuan 蘸1
Hakka Meixian 蘸1
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蘸1, 搵
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蘸1, 搵
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蘸1, 搵
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蘸1, 搵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 蘸1, 搵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 搵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 搵
Southern Min Xiamen 搵
Quanzhou 搵
Zhangzhou 搵
Tainan 搵, 滒
Penang (Hokkien) 搵
Singapore (Hokkien) 搵
Manila (Hokkien) 搵
Chaozhou 搵
Shantou 搵
Leizhou 搵
Haikou 搵
Wu Shanghai 蘸1
Shanghai (Chongming) 蘸1
Ningbo 搵, 蘸1
Coordinate terms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Fusion of 底そこ物ぶつ (MC tejX mjut), literally “what thing” (Guo, 2003).

Often related to 怎 (zam2) due to similar syllable structure.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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點てん

  1. (Cantonese) how
    番ばん茄なす應おう該點てん整せい？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    番ばん茄なす应该点てん整せい？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    faan1 ke4-2 jing1 goi1 dim2 zing2? [Jyutping]
    How should I prepare tomatoes?
    呢個點てん算さん係かかり錯呢？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢个点てん算さん系けい错呢？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 go3 dim2 syun3 hai6 co3 ne1? [Jyutping]
    How is this wrong? (lit. "How does this count as wrong?")
    佢點てん都と會かい用よう筷子食しょく飯めし。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢点てん都と会かい用よう筷子食しょく饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 dim2 dou1 wui5 jung6 faai3 zi2 sik6 faan6. [Jyutping]
    He always insists on using (lit. "regardless of how, will use") chopsticks to eat.
    佢無論むろん點てん都と會かい搞錯嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢无论点てん都と会かい搞错嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 mou4 leon6 dim2 dou1 wui5 gaau2 co3 ge3. [Jyutping]
    He is guaranteed to mess it up no matter what (lit. "no matter how").
    點てん都と唔肯／点てん都と唔肯 [Cantonese]  ―  dim2 dou1 m4 hang2 [Jyutping]  ―  unwilling, no matter what
    你想そう點てん呀？／你想そう点てん呀？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 soeng2 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]  ―  What do you want?
    琴きん日び個こ蛋糕整せい成なり點てん呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    琴きん日び个蛋糕整せい成なり点てん呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    kam4 jat6 go3 daan6 gou1 zing2 sing4 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]
    How did the cake from yesterday go?
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 怎樣 (“how”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 如何いか, 何なに以, 若わか何なに
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 如何いか, 怎樣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 怎麼樣さま兒じ, 怎樣兒じ
Taiwan 怎麼樣さま, 怎樣, 如何いか
Malaysia 怎麼樣さま, 怎樣, 如何いか
Singapore 怎麼樣さま, 怎樣, 如何いか
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 怎麼樣さま
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 咋樣兒じ
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 咋個樣さま, 咋個樣子ようす, 啷個樣さま, 啷個樣子ようす
Wuhan 麼樣, 麼樣子ようす, 哪樣, 哪樣子ようす
Guilin 啷子樣さま
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 怎們樣さま, 哪一いち個こ樣さま, 哪一いち個こ樣子ようす
Hefei 怎樣
Cantonese Guangzhou 點てん樣さま, 點てん
Hong Kong 點てん樣さま, 點てん
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 點てん樣さま
Macau 點てん樣さま, 點てん
Guangzhou (Panyu) 點てん
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 點てん樣さま, 點てん樣さま做
Foshan 點てん
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 點てん
Foshan (Shunde) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Foshan (Sanshui) 點てん
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 點てん
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 點てん子こ
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 點てん子こ
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 點てん子こ
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 點てん
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Henglan) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Nantou) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Fusha) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Shalang) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Banfu) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 點てん, 點てん樣さま
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 點てん樣さま
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 點てん
Zhuhai (Doumen) 點てん
Taishan 幾何きか
Singapore (Guangfu) 點てん樣さま, 點てん
Gan Nanchang 啷樣, 啷
Hakka Meixian 仰おおせ般, 仰おおせ仔こ
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 仰おおせ般, 仰おおせ仔こ
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 仰おおせ仔こ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 仰おおせ般
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 仰おおせ脣, 仰おおせ
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 仰おおせ般, 仰おおせ般形
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 仰おおせ子こ
Jin Taiyuan 咋, 咋底
Northern Min Jian'ou 何なに如, 何なに如事
Eastern Min Fuzhou 將すすむ樣さま, 蔣樣, 蔣其
Southern Min Xiamen 按怎, 怎樣, 啥款
Quanzhou 障さわ仔こ, 怎樣, 按怎, 啥款
Zhangzhou 按怎, 怎樣, 啥款
Tainan 按怎, 怎仔樣さま, 怎樣仔こ, 啥款
Penang (Hokkien) 按怎
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 障さわ仔こ, 怎樣
Chaozhou 在ざい生せい樣さま, 乜生樣さま, 做呢
Shantou 在ざい生せい
Jieyang 在ざい生せい, 在ざい生せい樣さま
Haifeng 做呢, 做呢樣さま
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢, 在ざい生せい
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 哪, 哪樣
Wu Shanghai 哪能, 哪能介かい, 哪能樣子ようす
Suzhou 捺亨
Wenzhou 訾那, 訾那能のう
Xiang Changsha 何なに是これ, 何なに裡うら
Shuangfeng 麼家

Compounds

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See also

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Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

点てん

Kyūjitai

點てん

Kanji

[edit]
點てん

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 点てん)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 点てん

Readings

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Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 點てん (MC temX).

Hanja

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點てん (eumhun 점 점 (jeom jeom))

  1. hanja form? of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名じんめい用よう漢字かんじ表ひょう, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 37. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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點てん: Hán Việt readings: điểm[1][2][3]
點てん: Nôm readings: chấm[2][3][4], đếm[2][3][4], chúm[4], đém[4], đêm[5], đóm[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of điểm (“a dot, a point, a period”).
  2. chữ Hán form of điểm (“to identify, to choose, to nominate”).
  3. Nôm form of đếm (“to count, to number, to enumerate”).
  4. Nôm form of chấm (“to dip in, to punctuate”).

References

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  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bonet (1899).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Génibrel (1898).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Trần (2004).
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