Kasuwar manoma

Kasuwar manoma a yamma a Layyah, Pakistan

'kasuwa manoma'(ko kasuwar manoma bisa ga littafin salon AP, da kuma kasuwar manoma a cikin Kamus na Cambridge) kasuwa ce ta zahiri da aka yi niyya don siyar da abinci kai tsaye ta manoma ga masu siye. Kasuwannin manoma na iya kasancewa a cikin gida ko a waje kuma galibi sun ƙunshi rumfuna, tebura ko tsayayyun wuraren da manoma ke sayar da amfanin gonakinsu, dabbobi masu rai da tsire-tsire, wani lokacin kuma ana shirya abinci da abubuwan sha. Kasuwannin manoma sun wanzu a ƙasashe da yawa a duniya kuma suna nuna al'adun gida da tattalin arzikinsu. Girman kasuwa yana iya zama 'yan rumfuna kaɗan ko kuma yana iya girma kamar ɓangarorin birni da yawa. Saboda yanayin su, sun kasance ba su da ka'ida sosai fiye da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki.

An bambanta su da kasuwannin jama'a, waɗanda gabaɗaya ke zama a cikin gine-gine na dindindin, buɗe duk shekara, kuma suna ba da nau'ikan dillalai da ba manoma/masu samarwa ba, kayan abinci da kayan abinci da ba na abinci ba.^[1]^[2]

Tarihi

*Auf dem Vogelmarkt* (mata da ke ba da hare da tsuntsayen daji), karni na 18-19

Manufar kasuwar manoma ta yanzu tana kama da abubuwan da suka gabata, amma daban-daban dangane da wasu nau'ikan - a matsayin nau'ikan siyar da mabukaci, gabaɗaya, suna ci gaba da canzawa cikin lokaci. Irin wannan nau'i ya kasance kafin zamanin masana'antu, amma sau da yawa ya zama wani yanki na manyan kasuwanni, inda masu ba da abinci da sauran kayayyaki suka taru don siyar da hajojinsu. Kasuwancin tallace-tallace ya fara a cikin 1930s, canji zuwa ga dillalai waɗanda suka sayar da samfuran wasu fiye da nasu. Manyan kantuna da shagunan kayan miya sun ci gaba da wannan yanayin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu siyarwa, suna haɓaka ƙwarewar mabukaci, tare da nisantar da shi gabaɗaya daga samarwa da haɓakar abubuwan ƙira. [abubuwan da ake bukata]

Fa'idodin samar da abinci na masana'antu na zamani sama da hanyoyin da suka gabata sun dogara da zamani, arha, jigilar kayayyaki mai sauri da iyakancewar samfur. Amma ba za a iya kawar da farashin sufuri da jinkiri ba. Don haka inda tazarar ta haifar da isar masu samar da masana'antu, inda masu sayayya ke da fifiko ga iri-iri na gida, kasuwannin manoma sun kasance masu gogayya da sauran nau'ikan dillalancin abinci. Tun daga tsakiyar 2000s, buƙatun mabukaci na abinci waɗanda suka fi sabo (ɓata lokaci kaɗan a zirga-zirga) da kuma abinci mai yawan iri-ya haifar da haɓakar kasuwannin manoma azaman hanyar siyar da abinci.

Fa'idodi

Ga manoma

Kasuwannin manoma na iya baiwa manoma ƙarin riba akan siyar da su ga dillalai, masu sarrafa abinci, ko manyan kantunan abinci. Ta hanyar siyar da kai tsaye ga mabukaci, samar da sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙarancin sufuri, ƙarancin sarrafawa, ƙarancin firiji da ƙarancin lokacin ajiya. Ta hanyar siyarwa a kasuwar waje, ana rage ko kuma kawar da farashin filaye, gine-gine, hasken wuta da na'urorin sanyaya iska. Manoma na iya riƙe ribar kayan amfanin gona da ba a siyar da su ga mabukaci, ta hanyar siyar da rarar da aka samu ga kamfanonin gwangwani da sauran kamfanonin sarrafa abinci. A kasuwa, manoma za su iya riƙe cikakken kuɗin da ake samu na wani ɓangare na amfanin gonakinsu, maimakon farashin kayan sarrafa kayan masarufi na gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, wasu masana tattalin arziki sun ce "akwai 'yan fa'ida kaɗan dangane da ingancin makamashi, inganci ko farashi ... fun ko da yake suna da, ba kyakkyawan tsarin tattalin arziki ba ne."

Wasu manoma sun fi son sauƙi, gaggawa, bayyana gaskiya da 'yancin kai na siyar da masu amfani kai tsaye. Wata hanyar da ƙungiyar sha'awa ta musamman ta lura da Ayyukan Ƙarfafa Abinci tana haɓaka shirye-shiryen noma masu tallafawa al'umma (CSAs). A cikin wannan tsarin, masu siye suna biyan gonaki kowane wata ko kowane wata don karɓar akwatunan amfanin mako-mako ko na mako-mako. A madadin haka, ana iya buƙatar su biya kuɗin amfanin gona gaba ɗaya gaba ɗaya kafin lokacin girma. A kowane hali, masu amfani suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa kuɗinsu idan aka sami gazawar amfanin gona.^[3]

Ga al'ummomi

A Daga cikin fa'idodin da ake yawan faɗakar da al'ummomin da ke da kasuwannin manoma:

Kasuwannin manoma na taimakawa wajen kiyaye muhimman alakar zamantakewa, da danganta mazauna karkara da birane har ma da makusantansu wajen musayar ra'ayi mai gamsarwa.
zirga-zirgar kasuwa yana haifar da zirga-zirga don kasuwancin da ke kusa saya a kasuwanni yana ƙarfafa hankali ga yankunan da ke kewaye
da kuma ayyukan da ke gudana ta hanyar samar da wuraren sayar da kayayyakin 'na gida', kasuwannin manoma suna taimakawa wajen haifar da bambanci da kuma bambanta, wanda zai iya ƙara girman kai da ƙarfafa baƙi su dawo.

RaRRage sufuri, ajiya, da sanyaya yanayi na iya amfana da al'ummomi:

ƙananan sufuri & farashin makamashi na firiji
ƙananan
ƙananan farashin kayan aikin sufuri (hanyoyi, gadoji, da sauransu)
kasa kasa sadaukar da abinci ajiya

Kasuwannin manoma kuma na iya ba da gudummawa ga sabbin hanyoyin rarrabawa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar jama'a ta hanyar rage tazara tsakanin al'ummomin birane da karkara. Tare da ƙarancin masu shiga tsakani, goyon bayan masu sana'a masu zaman kansu daga membobin al'umma na iya haɓaka damar tattalin arziki na gida da lafiya & lafiya a cikin al'ummomin matalauta.^[4]

Ga masu amfani

Wasu masu amfani na iya son kasuwannin manoma don abin da aka fahimta:

rage sama: tuki, parking, da dai sauransu.
abinci mai sabo
abinci na yanayi
abinci mai koshin lafiya mafi kyawun abinci iri-iri, misali: abinci mai gina jiki, nama mai kiwo, ƙwai da kaji kyauta, ƙwai da kaji, cukuwan gonaki na hannun hannu, gadon gado yana samar da nau'ikan nama na gado da yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan nama da yawa waɗanda ba sa son manyan masu sayar da abinci.
wurin haduwa da makwabta, hira, da sauransu.
wurin jin daɗin tafiya a waje yayin samun kayan abinci da ake buƙata

Shaidu sun nuna cewa gabaɗaya farashin a kasuwar manoma ya yi ƙasa da farashin babban kanti saboda tsarin samar da kayayyaki ya fi ƙanƙanta; akwai ƙarancin tazara don tafiya, kuma kaɗan masu tsaka-tsaki.

Ƙaddamar da yanki

Birnin Sin

Kasuwannin jama'a na gargajiya a cikin biranen kasar Sin ana kiransu da "kasuwannin rigar" (菜さい市し场) inda mafi yawan masu siyar da kaya ke siyarwa. Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yi kokarin sauya wadannan kasuwannin gargajiya zuwa manyan kantuna a ayyukan gyaran birane. Hakan ya haifar da koma bayan wadannan kasuwanni a wasu garuruwa kamar Shanghai. Amma duk da haka, a wasu garuruwa, kasuwannin rigar sun dawwama kuma suna mamaye kasuwancin sabo da nama. Saboda muhimmiyar rawar da yake takawa wajen tabbatar da wadatar abinci a birane, kasuwannin jika na samun tallafi daban-daban daga karamar hukumar.^[5]

Bayan shekara ta 2010, an sake haifuwar kasuwannin manoma a kasar Sin a wasu manyan biranen kasar kamar su Beijing, da Shanghai, da Guangzhou da Chengdu a cikin matsalar tsaron abinci. Waɗannan kasuwannin manoma (农夫市し集しゅう) suna ba da wuraren zama ga ƙananan manoman muhalli na gida don sayar da amfanin gonakinsu a cikin birni, yana ba da buƙatun masu matsakaicin birni na girma na abinci mai inganci. Yawancin waɗannan masu siyar da kasuwa suna aiki community supported agriculture.

Tarayyar Turai

EU ta tsara yunƙurin faɗaɗa kasuwannin manoma don rage haɗarin abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da aka sani da "Farm to Fork".^[6]

An haɓaka gonar zuwa fork tare da manyan manufofi uku a cikin EU:

Don haɓaka ingantaccen nau'ikan aiwatarwa da kimanta ƙimar amincin abinci
Don yin aiki na duniya tare da ƙasashen duniya na uku da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke kula da matsalolin amincin abinci
Don bin ka'idodin Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai (EFSA) na bincike da gudanar da bincike na tushen kimiyya ^[7]

Ƙasar Ingila

Tun lokacin da aka kafa kasuwar manoma ta farko a Burtaniya a cikin 1997, adadin ya karu zuwa sama da 550 a duk fadin kasar. Dalilai da dama ne suka haifar da hauhawar kasuwannin manoma a Burtaniya a karshen shekarun 1990, wadanda suka hada da karuwar ilimin masu amfani da su, gwagwarmayar manoman Burtaniya, kyamar Faransanci, da damuwa kan amincin abinci da ingancin abinci. Masu cin abinci sun damu game da ayyukan noma da ake samar da abinci da sarrafa su da lafiya da aminci na wasu abinci. Fitowar littattafai, labaran mujallu, da dafa abinci da shirye-shiryen aikin lambu suna rinjayar damuwar mabukaci game da shirya abinci da cin abinci.^[8]

Amurka

Saboda wani ɓangare na ƙara yawan sha'awar abinci mai koshin lafiya, babban sha'awar adana ciyayi ko dabbobi na gida (wasu daga cikinsu ƙila ba za su kai ga jigilar kayayyaki ba ko ƙa'idodin samar da amfanin gona) da ƙarin fahimtar mahimmancin kiyaye ƙanana, gonaki masu dorewa akan A gefen yankunan birane, kasuwannin manoma a Amurka sun karu daga 1,755 a 1994 zuwa 4,385 a 2006, zuwa 5,274 a 2009, zuwa 8,144 a 2013. A birnin New York, akwai kasuwannin manoma 107 da ke aiki. A cikin yankin Los Angeles, akwai kasuwannin manoma 88, da yawa daga cikinsu suna tallafawa kuɗin Hispanic da Asiya.^[9]

A Amurka, dukkanin matakan gwamnati sun ba da kudade ga kasuwannin manoma, alal misali, ta hanyar shirye-shiryen tarayya da suka hada da Shirin Taimakon Abinci na Abinci, Shirin Ƙarin Abinci na Musamman ga Mata, Jarirai, da Yara, Shirin Gina Jiki na Kasuwar Manoma. da Shirin Gina Jiki na Kasuwar Manyan Manoma. Shirye-shiryen da farko suna tallafawa sayayya a kasuwannin manoma ta mazauna masu karamin karfi. Misalai sun haɗa da Shirin Ƙarfafa Dola Biyu na Austin, Bunty Bucks na Boston, LINK Up na Chicago, Columbia Heights Festibucks a Washington, D.C., Fresh Checks a Gabashin Palo Alto, Match Match a Los Angeles, Michigan's Double Up Food Bucks, New York City's Health Bucks, Portland Fresh Exchange da Seattle Fresh Bucks. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen galibi suna dogara da wani ɓangare kan tallafin sa-kai.^[10]

Gudanarwa

Kungiyoyi da dama ne ke farawa, tsarawa, da sarrafa kasuwannin manoma, gami da kungiyoyin manoma, kungiyoyin al’umma, kananan hukumomi, da sauransu.

Wasu kasuwanni ana sarrafa su sosai, tare da dokoki don farashi, inganci da zaɓin mai siyarwa. Wasu kuma sun fi annashuwa a cikin ayyukansu da ka'idojin dillalai. Yayin da aka saba ba da fifiko ga kayan abinci da ake nomawa a cikin gida, wasu kasuwannin manoma suna ba da izinin haɗin gwiwa da masu sayayya, ko baiwa manoma damar siyan wasu kayayyaki don sake siyarwa.

An sami rahotannin kwanan nan na zamba da samfuran da aka yi musu kuskure a matsayin kwayoyin halitta ko na cikin gida lokacin da ba su. A wasu lokuta, kasuwannin manoma masu damfara suna sayar da kayan marmari na yau da kullun, suna ba da su azaman kayan marmari ko na cikin gida, waɗanda galibi ana sayar da su ga masu yawon bude ido da ba su ji ba.

Wasu kasuwannin manoma suna gudanar da ayyukan jumloli, wani lokaci suna iyakance ga takamaiman kwanaki ko sa'o'i. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan kasuwar manoma ita ce kasuwar Manoma ta Jihar Carolina ta Kudu, wadda ita ce babbar mai samar da kankana, cantaloupes, da peach don masu saye a arewa maso gabashin Amurka. Kasuwannin manoma kuma na iya ba masu siyayya daga wuraren sayar da kayayyaki, gidajen cin abinci, da shagunan lambu tare da sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, tsirrai, tsiro da gandun gandun daji, zuma, da sauran kayayyakin amfanin gona. Ko da yake wannan yana kan raguwa, a wani ɓangare saboda haɓakar shagunan sarƙoƙi waɗanda ke sha'awar hanyoyin rarraba ƙasa da farashi mai arha—farashin da ƙarancin farashin kayan amfanin da ake shigowa da su ya ragu.

Nau'ikan kayayyaki

naman alade da naman sa

Ana sayar da naman sa da naman alade iri-iri a kasuwannin manoma a Amurka. Kayayyakin naman sa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da nama, naman sa na ƙasa, jaki, da nau'ikan tsiran alade na naman sa. Abubuwan naman alade na yau da kullun sun haɗa da tsiran alade da naman alade.

Naman sa da naman alade da ake sayar da su a kasuwar manoma a Amurka, kamar na kowane irin naman sa/naman alade da ake siyar wa jama'a, dole ne ya samo asali daga dabbobin da aka yanka a cikin mayankar da gwamnati (tarayya ko jiha) ta duba mahauta. Tun lokacin da gwamnati ta duba mayankar da ke sayen dabbobin da za a yanka, da yawa galibi suna da kayan aiki, kayan aiki, da ma'aikata don ba da kayan nama ga masu rarrabawa/masu sayarwa. Kamar gidajen cin abinci, irin waɗannan tsare-tsare sun shahara da masu sayar da kasuwannin manoma domin suna ba su damar guje wa kuɗin da ake kashewa (kayan aiki, kayan aiki, ilimi, kulawa, duba lafiyar abinci, da sauransu) waɗanda ke da alaƙa da samar da nama waɗanda za a iya siyar da su ga jama'a bisa doka. . Masu sayar da nama sun fi yawa a kasuwannin manoma yayin da dillalan da ke yin nama da naman nasu ke wakiltar kaso kadan. Sake siyarwa yana bawa dillalai damar rage yawan saka hannun jari da sama da kima ta hanyar siyan samfuran su daga gidan yankan kasuwanci da/ko masana'antar sarrafa kayayyaki. ^[11]^[12]

Kayayyakin nama a kasuwannin manoma da masu sake siyar da su ke siyar za su haɗa da "rarrabuwa ta/cushe don", ko makamancin haka, sanarwa akan alamun kayan naman su. Akasin haka, kayayyakin naman da ake siyar da su a kasuwannin manoma waɗanda mai siyar da aka shirya da kuma tattara su ba za su haɗa da “rarrabuwa ta/cushe don” ba, ko makamancin haka, sanarwa.^[13]

Nama da ba a sarrafa shi ba

Kayayyakin naman da ba a sarrafa su ba (yanke sayar da kayayyaki) da ake samu a kasuwannin manoma na iya haɗawa da labarin binciken gwamnati tare da lakabin "rabawa ta/cushe don/shirya don". Sauran bayanai akan lakabin zasu haɗa da nauyi, farashi, da umarnin kulawa amintattu.

Labarin binciken hukuma ya haɗa da lambar kafawa (EST) wanda ke bayyana kamfani na ƙarshe wanda ya yi sarrafa/nawa, marufi, da lakabin samfurin. Tun da lakabin ya ƙunshi bayanin "rabawa ta/cushe don", naman na iya fitowa daga dabbobin wasu manoma/makiyayi ko gidan abinci na kamfani. Kasancewar wani labari na bincike na gwamnati yana gano kayan naman da ba a sarrafa shi ba kuma mai siyarwar ya cika. Kayayyakin naman da mai siyar ko mahauta ya shirya da cushe ba za su haɗa da hatimin gwamnati ba, kuma ba za su haɗa da kowace irin sanarwa da ke rarraba mai siyarwa a matsayin mai siyarwa/mai rarrabawa ba.^[14]

Alamun kan naman sa da naman alade da suka samo asali na dabbobin mai siyarwa ba za su haɗa da bayanin "rabawa ta/cushe don/shirya don" sanarwa. Lura cewa lakabin zai kasance yana da tarihin Binciken hukuma/gwamnati wanda ke bayyana kafa wanda ya yi yanka, yanka, marufi, da lakabi saboda duk wani samfurin da ya bar mayankar da za a siyar da ɗan adam dole ne ya kasance yana da tarihin binciken gwamnati. Misali, alamar da ba ta da “rarrabuwar ta/kunshe don”, da dai sauransu sanarwa tana tabbatar da mai siye cewa, yayin da mai siyar bai yi naman yankan/kwali/da sauransu ba, naman ya samo asali ne daga dabbobin mai siyarwa.

Alamar samfurin naman da aka sarrafa kuma mai siyarwar ba zai haɗa da labarin binciken gwamnati ba kuma ba zai haɗa da bayanin "rabawa/cushe don" ba.

Yanke kayan nama da dillali ya siyar da shi wanda ke yin nasa yankan, marufi, da lakabi ba zai haɗa da labarin binciken gwamnati ba ko bayanin "rabawa ta/cushe don" a kan lakabin. A irin waɗannan lokuta, mai sayar da nama yana samun gawa ko wasu manyan yankan nama daga mahauta da gwamnati ta bincika kuma yana yin yankan na biyu ("ƙirar"), marufi, da lakabi a cikin wurinta. Ba a buƙatar tarihin binciken jami'in gwamnati a kan kunshin naman da irin wannan mai siyar ya yanka da kuma tattara shi saboda ana sayar da shi ga mabukaci kai tsaye.

Naman da aka sarrafa

Yawancin kayan naman da aka sarrafa ( tsiran alade, naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, frankfurters, sandunan ciye-ciye) ana sayar da su a kasuwannin manoma suna da alamun da suka haɗa da "rabawa ta/cushe don / sauransu." sanarwa da kuma wani labari na binciken gwamnati. Labarin binciken gwamnati ya haɗa da lambar kafa (EST #) wanda ke gano masana'antar sarrafa kasuwancin da ta yi da tattara samfuran; kama da kunshin tsiran alade ko naman alade da aka sayar a manyan kantunan. A madadin, samfurin nama da aka sarrafa wanda ake sayar da shi a kasuwar manoma wanda bai haɗa da "rabawa ta/cushe don/da sauransu." sanarwa da kuma almara na binciken gwamnati samfuri ne wanda mai siyar ya yi kuma ya tattara shi. Har ila yau, akwai dillalai waɗanda ke siyar da kayan naman da aka sarrafa waɗanda suka haɗa da labarin binciken gwamnati ba tare da "rarraba ta/cushe don / da sauransu." sanarwa; irin waɗannan dillalai suna siyar da samfuran haɗin gwiwa wanda mai yin / furodusa ya shirya kuma ya tattara samfurin bisa ga girke-girke na masu siyarwa.

Mai siyarwa

Kayayyakin naman da aka sarrafa da ake sayar da su a kasuwannin manoma ana kiransu da samfuran “private label”. Irin waɗannan samfuran za su haɗa da "rabawa ta/cushe don/da sauransu." sanarwa tare da labari na binciken gwamnati wanda ke ba da lamba wanda ke tantance wanda ya kera samfurin. Adadin masu sukar samfuran tambarin masu zaman kansu suna karuwa yayin da masu amfani suka fahimci rashin kyawun ayyukan da masu kera samfuran ke yi..^[15]

Ba sabon abu ba ne a sami masu rarrabawa / masu siyar da kayan naman da aka sarrafa a kasuwannin manoma saboda kayan sayar da kayayyaki suna ba masu siyarwa damar rage jarin su ta hanyar rashin biyan kuɗin da ake kashewa (ilimi, ƙwarewa, kayan aiki, kayayyaki, kulawa, duba lafiyar abinci, marufi. , lakabi, da sauransu) da ake buƙata don samar da nasu samfuran. Kunshin naman da aka sarrafa zai kasance yana ɗauke da lakabin da ke da tarihin binciken gwamnati. Labarin binciken yawanci zai sami Lambar Ƙirar (EST #) wanda ke gano masana'antar sarrafa kayan da ta yi da tattara samfuran. Bugu da ƙari, kunshin zai ƙunshi jumla mai kama da "rabawa ta: Kamfanin Steve's Family Meat" ko "cushe/shirya don Kamfanin nama na Iyali na Steve" wani wuri a kan lakabin. Dukansu masu samarwa (wanda EST ta bayyana. # a cikin labarin dubawa) da mai rarrabawa / mai siyarwa (misali Kamfanin nama na Steve na Iyali) za a gano su akan lakabin.

Mai sarrafa kansa

Tambarin samfurin mai siyar da kasuwar manoma wanda ke yin kuma ya tattara nasa samfurin ba zai haɗa da "rarrabuwar ta/cushe don/da sauransu." sanarwa, kuma ba za ta sami labarin binciken gwamnati ba saboda ana siyar da samfuran ta kai tsaye ga mabukaci. Bayani kan alamar mai samarwa zai ƙunshi bayanin da ke gaba:

Sunan kamfanin
Adireshin da aka yi
Sunan samfurin
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su
Lambobin kwanan wata
Umurnin sarrafawa mai aminci

Ba zai haɗa da labarin binciken gwamnati ko hatimi ba.

Samfurin da 'ya'yan itace

Mahimmanci, amfanin kasuwar manoma da 'ya'yan itace galibi ana shuka su ne a cikin yanki na yanki wanda masu kula da kasuwar ke ɗauka na gida. Kasuwar manoma ce ta bayyana kalmar "ƙaranniya" kuma yawanci tana wakiltar samfuran da aka noma a cikin radius ɗin da aka auna cikin mil ko kilomita. Kasuwannin manoma da yawa sun bayyana cewa kasuwannin “masu samarwa ne kawai”, kuma masu sayar da su suna noma duk kayayyakin da ake sayarwa. Wasu kasuwannin manoma ba sa amfani da kalmar "mai samarwa kawai" kuma suna iya ba da damar masu siyar da kayan amfanin gona, 'ya'yan itace, da sauran kayayyakin abinci.

Wasu kasuwannin manoma suna ba masu siyarwa damar sake sayar da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa idan ba a samu a gida ba saboda lokacin shekara. Kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itace, nama, da sauran kayayyakin da ake sake siyarwa a kasuwannin manoma suna samuwa ga masu siyarwa ta hanyar rarraba abinci. Wannan al'ada ce ta gama gari kuma tana ba masu amfani da amfanin gona da 'ya'yan itace waɗanda ba sa samuwa a wasu lokuta na shekara. A cikin kasuwanni da yawa sake sayar da kayayyaki wani yanki ne na dindindin na kayan mai siyar.

Akwai batutuwa guda huɗu waɗanda masu amfani sukan yi la'akari da su yayin siyan abinci kai tsaye daga mai samarwa:

Sunan iri-iri
Ko samfurin yana cikin kakar wasa
Tabbatar da asalin abinci
Ko kowane samfur yana da PLU (lambar farashi) takarda ^[16]

Duk kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da sunaye na musamman waɗanda ke bambanta su da kowane, ko na kasuwanci ne, na aikin lambu na gida, ko na gado. Lamba ko kirtani haruffa yawanci ke gano sabbin nau'ikan kasuwanci. Ma'aikatan dillalai bazai san ko yaushe sunaye iri-iri na kayan da suke siyarwa ba amma zasu sami damar samun jeri daga ma'aikacin su (producer). Akwai dillalai da suka karya dokoki ta hanyar sake siyar da kayayyaki a kasuwannin Producer Only..^[17]^[18]

Madara, kaji, da sauran kayayyaki

Dangane da kasuwannin manoma, ana samun kayayyaki iri-iri. Kaji, rago, akuya, qwai, madara, kirim, ice cream, man shanu, cuku, zuma, syrup, jams, jellies, sauces, namomin kaza, furanni, ulu, ruwan inabi, giya, burodi, da irin kek wasu misalai ne na masu sayar da kayayyaki. ana sayar da su a kasuwannin manoma. Kasuwannin manoma da yawa suna ba masu siyarwa damar shirya da siyarwa a shirye su ci abinci da abin sha.^[19]^[20]

Cin hanci

Wasu bincike da aka gudanar a Amurka da Kanada sun gano shaguna a kasuwannin manoma suna sayar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari da ba a samo su daga gonakinsu ba. A cikin watan Satumba na 2017, wani binciken da aka ɓoye na kyamarar da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kanada ya gano cewa wasu rumfunan da ke cikin kasuwa ɗaya sun sayi kayan amfanin gona a kasuwar hada-hadar kuɗi tare da cire lambobi na asali, wanda ya haɓaka farashin zuwa kashi 50% sama da farashin dillali.

Wata mai sukar abinci ta Tampa Bay Times kuma mai ba da rahoto mai bincike Laura Reiley ta sami wasu dillalai a kasuwannin manoma na gida suna sayar da amfanin gona da aka ƙi daga kasuwannin jumhuriyar cikin gida, ko kuma suna siyar da kayan amfanin da aka saya daga wuraren da ba na gida ba. A wasu lokuta sun yi iƙirarin sayar da kayayyaki daga gonarsu da farko, amma lokacin da aka danna su sun yarda cewa ba su noma ko ɗaya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake sayarwa ba. Aƙalla yanayi ɗaya, duk da ikirari da dillalai suka yi akasin haka, gonar da ake magana ba ta noman abinci ba, kuma amfanin gonakin duk an saya daga wasu kamfanoni. Za'a iya zama a bayyane a wasu lokuta saboda nau'in abincin da ake siyarwa ba ya girma a cikin gida ko kuma ya ƙare. Dokokin tarayya a Amurka suna buƙatar alamar ƙasar asalin don samfur a manyan kantuna amma ba ga ƙananan dillalai masu zaman kansu ba. [citati

Jaridar Tampa Bay Times ta kuma gano cewa kayan abinci, irin su miya, zuma, jam, da naman sa na iya bayyana daga dillalai na gida saboda alamar kamfani na cikin gida akan marufi, amma a zahiri ana samar da su a shuke-shuke tare da wadanda ba abubuwan gida. A {asar Amirka, FDA na buƙatar a jera sunan masana'anta da adireshinsa a kan alamar abinci, wanda zai iya bayyana wannan rashin daidaituwa.

Hadarin lafiya

Dokokin kiyaye abinci galibi suna fitar da keɓantacce ga kasuwannin manoma. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, idan samfurin bai ketare layin jihohi ba an keɓe shi daga Dokar Zamantake Abinci ta FDA. Kasuwannin manoma suna ƙara yawan barkewar annoba da kuma cututtukan da ke haifar da abinci, norovirus, da campylobacter.^[21]

Kasuwanni na wajaje daban daban

Kasuwar manoma aTaipei,Taiwan
Kayan sayarwa a kasuwar manoma aFarmington, MichiganAmurka
Cheese wani kasuwar manoma a London, United Kingdom
Kasuwar manoma aRivière-du-Loup,Quebec, Kanada
Kasuwar manomaa Cubao, Philippines
Kasuwar Manoma (Apni Mandi) a Chandigarh
Kasuwar Manoma a Chandigarh
Kasuwar Manoma ta St. Jacobsa Ontario, Kanada

Dubi kuma

Bayanan da aka ambata

↑ Bell, Randy (29 August 2013). "Public markets differ from farmers markets". MSU Extension. Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
↑ "The Difference Between Public Markets and Farmers Markets". 7th Street Public Market. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014.
↑ "Program: Farmers markets, mobile markets, and CSAs". Healthy food playbook. Health Care Without Harm. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
↑ Romanienko, Lisiunia A. (July 2001). "Dual Labor Market Theory and the Institutionalization of Farmers' Markets: Marginalized Workers Adapting to Inhospitable Conditions in Louisiana" (PDF). Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics (in Turanci). 12 (4): 359–373. doi:10.1177/02601079X00001200403. ISSN 0260-1079. S2CID 152683313. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
↑ Si, Zhenzhong; Scott, Steffanie; McCordic, Cameron (2 January 2019). "Wet markets, supermarkets and alternative food sources: consumers' food access in Nanjing, China". Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement (in Turanci). 40 (1): 78–96. doi:10.1080/02255189.2018.1442322. ISSN 0225-5189. S2CID 169904712. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
↑ "From farm to fork: safe food for Europe's consumers" (PDF). European Commission. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
↑ "Food Safety: Overview". European Commission. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
↑ Holloway, Lewis; Kneafsey, Moya (July 2000). "Reading the Space of the Framers 'Market: A Case Study from the United Kingdom". Sociologia Ruralis (in Turanci). 40 (3): 285–299. doi:10.1111/1467-9523.00149. ISSN 0038-0199. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
↑ "Farmers Markets in Los Angeles, California". Farmers Market Place. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014.
↑ Donovan, Jeanie; Madore, Amy; Randall, Megan; Vickery, Kate (30 June 2016). "Best Practices & Challenges for Farmers Market Incentive Programs: A Guide for Policymakers & Practitioners". The Graduate Journal of Food Studies. 1. Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
↑ The North Central Initiative for Small Farm Profitability (May 2004). "Meat Processor Survey Results: Developing Producer & Small Processor Owned Meat Marketing Enterprises" (PDF). Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-24.
↑ "Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book" (PDF). USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. United States Department of Agriculture. August 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
↑ "Title 21". Code of Federal Regulations. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
↑ "Code of Federal Regulations Title 9, part 303, section 1" (PDF). Federal Digital System. U.S. Government Publishing Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2009.
↑ Westervelt, Amy (5 May 2010). "Do You Know What's In Your Organic Beef? The TFT Reader Investigation Continues..." The Faster Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010.
↑ "FAQs". International Federation for Produce Standards. Produce Marketing Association. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
↑ Ettinger, Jill (22 October 2018). "Deceptive Vendors Discovered in California Farmers Markets". Organic Authority. Maven. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011.
↑ Irizarry, Lauren (1 December 2008). "Farmers market sees out–of–state food influx". The Independent Florida Alligator. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012.
↑ "Value-Added Resources for Farmers and Entrepreneurs: Farmers Markets". Tennessee Value-Added Agriculture Priority Program. Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
↑ "Marketing Strategies for Farmers and Ranchers". Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
↑ Bellemare, Marc F.; Nguyen, Ngoc (Jenny) (April 2018). "Farmers Markets and Food-Borne Illness" (PDF). American Journal of Agricultural Economics (in Turanci). 100 (3): 676–690. doi:10.1093/ajae/aay011. S2CID 54639115. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2020-11-28.

[Michigan_State_University-1] Bell, Randy (29 August 2013). "Public markets differ from farmers markets". MSU Extension. Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2021.

[2] "The Difference Between Public Markets and Farmers Markets". 7th Street Public Market. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014.

[3] "Program: Farmers markets, mobile markets, and CSAs". Healthy food playbook. Health Care Without Harm. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2020.

[4] Romanienko, Lisiunia A. (July 2001). "Dual Labor Market Theory and the Institutionalization of Farmers' Markets: Marginalized Workers Adapting to Inhospitable Conditions in Louisiana" (PDF). Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics (in Turanci). 12 (4): 359–373. doi:10.1177/02601079X00001200403. ISSN 0260-1079. S2CID 152683313. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-09-17.

[5] Si, Zhenzhong; Scott, Steffanie; McCordic, Cameron (2 January 2019). "Wet markets, supermarkets and alternative food sources: consumers' food access in Nanjing, China". Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement (in Turanci). 40 (1): 78–96. doi:10.1080/02255189.2018.1442322. ISSN 0225-5189. S2CID 169904712. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2021.

[6] "From farm to fork: safe food for Europe's consumers" (PDF). European Commission. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2012.

[7] "Food Safety: Overview". European Commission. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.

[:1-8] Holloway, Lewis; Kneafsey, Moya (July 2000). "Reading the Space of the Framers 'Market: A Case Study from the United Kingdom". Sociologia Ruralis (in Turanci). 40 (3): 285–299. doi:10.1111/1467-9523.00149. ISSN 0038-0199. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-01-12.

[9] "Farmers Markets in Los Angeles, California". Farmers Market Place. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014.

[FMIP-10] Donovan, Jeanie; Madore, Amy; Randall, Megan; Vickery, Kate (30 June 2016). "Best Practices & Challenges for Farmers Market Incentive Programs: A Guide for Policymakers & Practitioners". The Graduate Journal of Food Studies. 1. Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2017.

[11] The North Central Initiative for Small Farm Profitability (May 2004). "Meat Processor Survey Results: Developing Producer & Small Processor Owned Meat Marketing Enterprises" (PDF). Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-24.

[12] "Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book" (PDF). USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. United States Department of Agriculture. August 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.

[13] "Title 21". Code of Federal Regulations. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.

[14] "Code of Federal Regulations Title 9, part 303, section 1" (PDF). Federal Digital System. U.S. Government Publishing Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2009.

[15] Westervelt, Amy (5 May 2010). "Do You Know What's In Your Organic Beef? The TFT Reader Investigation Continues..." The Faster Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2010.

[plufaq-16] "FAQs". International Federation for Produce Standards. Produce Marketing Association. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.

[17] Ettinger, Jill (22 October 2018). "Deceptive Vendors Discovered in California Farmers Markets". Organic Authority. Maven. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011.

[18] Irizarry, Lauren (1 December 2008). "Farmers market sees out–of–state food influx". The Independent Florida Alligator. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012.

[19] "Value-Added Resources for Farmers and Entrepreneurs: Farmers Markets". Tennessee Value-Added Agriculture Priority Program. Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.

[20] "Marketing Strategies for Farmers and Ranchers". Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.

[21] Bellemare, Marc F.; Nguyen, Ngoc (Jenny) (April 2018). "Farmers Markets and Food-Borne Illness" (PDF). American Journal of Agricultural Economics (in Turanci). 100 (3): 676–690. doi:10.1093/ajae/aay011. S2CID 54639115. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2020-11-28.

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