(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service
Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2013.41.2.001

Representation of Wilderness in Western Films: An Aesthetic Interpretation  

Lee, Myeong-Jun (Interdisciplinary Program of Landscape Architecture Major, Graduate School, Seoul National University)
Pae, Jeong-Hann (Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture / v.41, no.2, 2013 , pp. 1-10 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper aims to make an aesthetic inquiry into representing modes of wilderness in western films. The western film was the first genre in earnest about natural landscape, covering vast areas of America from the East to the West. It adopted representative modes suited to physical characteristics of landscapes which produced aesthetic characteristics. In western films, wilderness was represented at a distance from the camera lens as a setting and an object of contemplation. In eastern forest landscapes, western films adopted the visual model of Hudson River School's landscape painting which expressed the transcendental sublime. The western semiarid region reproduced the warrior's gaze shot from a high angle, and, in this visual mode, wilderness was expressed as a demonic landscape derived from Burke's definition of the sublime. On one hand, the western desert was represented as a place of hardship shot at a low angle which expressed the vastness, unevenness and limitlessness of the desert owing to the absence of horizon. On the other hand, the mesas of Monument Valley have sublime characteristics of size and time. In western films, they play the role of an emblem by rising from the limitless desert on the horizon. The prospect-refuge relationship, the desire to see without being seen, is discovered in the representative mode of wilderness in western films. In this context, this study hopes to discover the archetype of landscape representation.
Keywords
Nature Pictorialized; The Sublime; Prospect-refuge Theory; Forest; Desert;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 구약성경 욥기.
2 김영진(2003) 아메리칸 레전더리(1) 존 포드. (http://koreanrock.com/wiki.pl?action=edit&id=%C1%B8%C6%F7%B5%E5/%B1%E8%BF%B5%C1%F8)
3 배정한(2006) 황야에 대한 인식과 미적 경험의 변화. 한국조경학회지 34(1): 64-65.
4 배정한, 조정송(1995) Appleton과 Bourassa의 '경관미학' 이론에대한비 판적 고찰. 한국조경학회지 23(1): 7-22.
5 배정한, 조정송(1999) 조경 설계와 회화적 자연관의 문제. 한국조경학회지 27(3): 80-87.   과학기술학회마을
6 신문수(2010) 자연의 나라: 국가 건설과 자연의 재발견. 신문수(편), 미국의 자연관 변천과 생태의식. 서울대학교 출판문화원, pp. 45-79.
7 이명준, 배정한(2012) 숭고의 개념에 기초한 포스트 인더스트리얼 공원의 미학적 해석. 한국조경학회지 40(4): 78-89.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
8 주은우(2005) 미국무성영화와 국가정체성의 형성: 미국 영상대중문화와 정체성 정치의 관계에 관한 연구. 경제와 사회 65: 121-154.
9 황기원(2011) 경관의 해석: 그 아름다움의 앎. 서울대학교 출판문화원.
10 Appleton, J.(1996) The Experience of Landscape(rev. ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
11 Bazin, A.(1975) Qu'est Ce Que Le Cinema. 박상규(역), 앙드레 바쟁의 영화란 무엇인가?. 2판. 시각과 언어, 2001.
12 Boime, A.(1991) The Magisterial Gaze: Manifest Destiny and American Landscape Painting c. 1830-1865. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
13 Burke, E.(1757) A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful. 김동훈(역), 숭고와 아름다움의 이념의 기원에 대한 철학적 탐구. 도서출판 마티, 2009.
14 Cameron, I. and D. Pye, eds.(1996) The Book of Westerns. New York: Continuum.
15 Carmichael, D. A. ed.(2006) The Landscape of Hollywood Westerns: Ecocriticism in an American Film Genre. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press.
16 Cohen P. M.(2001) Silent Film and the Triumph of the American Myth. New York: Oxford University Press.
17 Cooper, J. F.(1826) The Last of the Mohicans. 이나경(역), 모히칸 족의 최후. 열린책들, 2012.
18 Corner, J.(1999) Introduction. In J. Corner, ed., Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 1-26.
19 Crandell, G.(1993) Nature Pictorialized: "The View" in Landscape History. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
20 Elsaesser, T. and M. Hagener(2007) Filmtheorie zur Einfuhrung. 윤종 욱(역), 영화이론: 영화는 육체와 어떤 관계인가?. 커뮤니케이션 북스, 2012.
21 Helphand, K. I.(1986) Landscape films. Landscape Journal 5(1): 1-8.   DOI
22 Hosey, L.(2010) The Environmental Psychology of John Ford. (http://www.architectmagazine.com/blogs/postdetails.aspx?BlogId=opecoblog&postId=93476)
23 Hunt, J. D.(2000) Greater Perfections: The Practice of Garden Theory. University of Pennsylvania Press.
24 Kant, I.(2009) Kritik der Urteilskraft. 백종현(역), 판단력비판. 아카넷, 2009.
25 Lefebvre, M.(2006) Between setting and landscape in the cinema. In M. Lefebvre, ed., Landscape and Film. New York: Routledge. pp. 19-59.
26 Leutrat J. L. and S. L. Guigues(1998) John Ford and Monument Valley. In E. Buscombe and R. Pearson, eds., Back in the Saddle Again: New Essays on the Western. London: British Film Institute. pp. 160-169.
27 Mitchell, L. C.(1996) Westerns: Making the Man in Fiction and Film. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
28 Mottet, J.(2006) Toward a genealogy of the American landscape: Notes on landscapes in D. W. Griffith(1908-1912). In M. Lefebvre, ed., Landscape and Film. New York: Routledge. pp. 61-90.
29 Novak, B.(1972) American landscape: Changing concepts of the sublime. American Art Journal 4(1): 36-42.   DOI
30 Nash, R.(1982) Wilderness and the American Mind (3rd. ed.). New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
31 Novak, B.(1995) Nature and Culture: American Landscape and Painting, 1825-1875 (rev. ed). New York: Oxford University Press.
32 Pearson, R.(1996) Early cinema. In G. N. Smith, ed., The Oxford History of World Cinema. 이순호 외(역), 초창기 영화. 옥스퍼드 세계 영화사. 열린책들, 2005. pp. 36-48.
33 Schopenhauer, A.(2011) Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung. 권기철(역), 의지와 표상으로서의 세계. 동서문화사, 2011.
34 Short, J. R.(1991) Imagined Country: Society, Culture and Environment. London: Routledge.
35 Simmon, S.(2003) The Invention of the Western Film: A Cultural History of the Genre's First Half-century. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
36 Stam, R.(2000) Film Theory: An Introduction. 김병철(역), 영화이론. K-books, 2012.
37 Tompkins, J.(1992) West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. New York: Oxford University Press.
38 Toulet, E.(1988) Cinematographe, Invention du Siecle. 김희균(역), 영화의 탄생. 시공사, 2006.
39 Wright, W.(1979) Six Guns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. University of California Press.