Overview
- Offers a new conceptual model for the interpretation of human motivations, social life, and culture
- Integrates themes from evolutionary and cultural anthropology
- Raises the awareness of what we are, and how we got that way
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Table of contents (13 chapters)
Keywords
About this book
Other animals are driven to spend essentially their whole lives just trying to get fed, stay alive, and get laid. That’s about it. The same was true for our proto-human ancestors. And modern humans of course also require a Survival Drive and a Sex Drive in order to leave descendants. But today we spend most of our lives mainly just trying to convince ourselves that our existence is not absurd.
In What We Are, Queen’s University biologist, Lonnie Aarssen, traces how our biocultural evolution has shaped Homo sapiens into the only creature that refuses to be what it is — the only creature preoccupied with a deeply ingrained, and absurd sentiment: I have a distinct ‘mental life’—an ‘inner self’—that exists separately and apart from ‘material life’, and so, unlike the latter, need not come to an end. This delusion conceivably gave our distant ancestors some wishful thinking for finding some measure of relief from the terrifying, uniquely human knowledge of the eventual loss of corporeal survival. But this came with an impulsive, nagging doubt — an obsessive underlying uncertainty: ‘self-impermanence anxiety’. Biocultural evolution, however, was not finished. It also gave us two additional, uniquely human, primal drives, both serving to help quell the burden of this anxiety. Legacy Drive generates delusional cultural domains for ‘extension’ of self; and Leisure Drive generates pleasurable cultural domains for distraction – ‘escape’ – from self.
Legacy Drive and Leisure Drive, Aarssen argues, represent two of the most profound consequences of human cognitive and cultural evolution. What We Are advances propositions regarding how a visceral susceptibility to self-impermanence anxiety has — paradoxically — played a pivotal role in rewarding the reproductive success of our ancestors, and has thus been a driving force in shaping fundamental motivations and cultural norms of modern humans. More than any other milestone in the evolution of human minds, self-impermanence anxiety, and its mitigating Drives for Legacy and Leisure, account for not just the advance of civilization over the past many thousands of years, but also now, its impending collapse. Effective management of this crisis, Aarssen insists, will require a deeper and more broadly public understanding of its Darwinian evolutionary roots — as laid out in What We Are.
Authors and Affiliations
About the author
Lonnie Aarssen is professor of biology at Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. His research in ecology and evolution has been published in over 180 peer-reviewed articles. He has served on the editorial board of several academic journals and is founder and editor of the open-access journal, Ideas in Ecology and Evolution, published at Queen’s University. His book, ‘What Are We? Exploring the Evolutionary Roots of Our Future’ was published in 2015. His recent writing on evolution and human affairs has been featured in The Conversation, Science Animated videos, and Tedx talks.
Bibliographic Information
Book Title: What We Are: The Evolutionary Roots of Our Future
Authors: Lonnie Aarssen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05879-0
Publisher: Springer Cham
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life Sciences, Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)
Copyright Information: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-031-05878-3Published: 06 July 2022
Softcover ISBN: 978-3-031-05881-3Published: 06 July 2023
eBook ISBN: 978-3-031-05879-0Published: 05 July 2022
Edition Number: 1
Number of Pages: XIX, 196
Number of Illustrations: 8 b/w illustrations, 34 illustrations in colour
Topics: Evolutionary Biology, Anthropology