Abstract
Proteins are macromolecules whose monomeric subunits are the naturally occurring 20 amino acids. The amino acids are linked via peptide bonds (generated upon water release) to form a polypeptide (► Chap. 1). Polypeptides can range in length from three to several hundred amino acids. The amino acid sequence of a given protein, also known as the primary structure, is genetically determined. It becomes fixed during translation based on the information encoded in the mRNA.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdulla MH, Lim KC, Sajid M, McKerrow JH, Caffrey CR (2007) Schistosomiasis mansoni: novel chemotherapy using a cysteine protease inhibitor. PLoS Med 4:e14
Barr SC, Warner KL, Kornreic BG, Piscitelli J, Wolfe A, Benet L, McKerrow JH (2005) A cysteine protease inhibitor protects dogs from cardiac damage during infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:5160–5161
Biasini M, Bienert S, Waterhouse A, Arnold K, Studer G, Schmidt T, Kiefer F, Cassarino TG, Bertoni M, Bordoli L, Schwede T (2014) SWISS-MODEL: modelling protein tertiary and quaternary structure using evolutionary information. Nucleic Acids Res 42(W1):W252–W258
Biobel G, Sabatini DD (1971) In: Manson LA (ed) Biomembranes. Plenum, New York, pp 193–195
Burley SK, Bonanno J (2002) Structuring the universe of proteins. Ann Rev Genomics Hum Genet 3:243–262
Dixon SL, Smondyrev AM, Rao SN (2006) PHASE: a novel approach to pharmacophore modeling and 3D database searching. Chem Biol Drug Des 67:370–372
Engel JC, Doyle PS, Hsieh I, McKerrow JH (1998) Cysteine protease inhibitors cure an experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Exp Med 188:725–734
Ewing TJA, Kuntz ID (1996) Critical evaluation of search algorithms for automated molecular docking and database screening. J Comp Chem 18:1175–1189
Fischer E (1894) Einfluss der Configuration auf die Wirkung der Enzyme. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 27:3189–3232
Jones G, Willett P, Glen RC, Leach AR, Taylor R (1997) Development and validation of a genetic algorithm for flexible docking. J Mol Biol 267:727–748
Khare S, Nagle AS, Biggart A, Lai YH, Liang F, Davis LC, Barnes SW, Mathison CJ, Myburgh E, Gao MY, Gillespie JR, Liu X, Tan JL, Stinson M, Rivera IC, Ballard J, Yeh V, Groessl T, Federe G, Koh HX, Venable JD, Bursulaya B, Shapiro M, Mishra PK, Spraggon G, Brock A, Mottram JC, Buckner FS, Rao SP, Wen BG, Walker JR, Tuntland T, Molteni V, Glynne RJ, Supek F (2016) Proteasome inhibition for treatment of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and sleeping sickness. Nature 537(7619):229–233
Kitchen DB, Decornez H, Furr JR, Bajorath J (2004) Docking and scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery: methods and applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3(11):935–949
Klebe G (2013) Drug design. Springer, Heidelberg
Koch O, Jäger T, Heller K, Khandavalli PC, Pretzel J, Becker K, Flohé L, Selzer PM (2013) Identification of M. tuberculosis thioredoxin reductase inhibitors based on high-throughput docking using constraints. J Med Chem 56(12):4849–4859
Lecaille F, Kaleta J, Brömme D (2002) Human and parasitic papain-like cysteine proteases: their role in physiology and pathology and recent developments in inhibitor design. Chem Rev 102:4459–4488
Li H, O’Donoghue AJ, van der Linden WA, Xie SC, Yoo E, Foe IT, Tilley L, Craik CS, da Fonseca PC, Bogyo M (2016) Structure- and function-based design of Plasmodium-selective proteasome inhibitors. Nature 530(7589):233–236
Morris GM, Huey R, Lindstrom W, Sanner MF, Belew RK, Goodsell DS, Olson AJ (2009) Autodock4 and AutoDockTools4: automated docking with selective receptor flexiblity. J Comput Chem 16:2785–2791
Petersen TN, Brunak S, von Heijne G, Nielsen H (2011) SignalP 4.0: discriminating signal peptides from transmembrane regions. Nat Methods 8:785–786
Rarey M, Kramer B, Lengauer T, Klebe G (1996) A fast flexible docking method using an incremental construction algorithm. J Mol Biol 261:470–489
Selzer PM (2003) Structure-Based-Rational-Drug-Design: Neue Wege der modernen Wirkstoffentwicklung. In: Lucius R, Hiepe T, Gottstein B (eds) Grundzüge der allgemeinen Parasitologie. Parey, Berlin
Selzer PM, Chen X, Chan VJ, Cheng M et al (1997) Leishmania major: molecular modeling of cysteine proteases and prediction of new nonpeptide inhibitors. Exp Parasitol 87:212–221
Selzer PM, Pingel S, Hsieh I, Ugele B et al (1999) Cysteine protease inhibitors as chemotherapy: lessons from a parasite target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:11015–11022
Shenai BR, Semenov AV, Rosenthal PJ (2002) Stage-specific antimalarial activity of cysteine protease inhibitors. Biol Chem 383:843–847
Westbrook J, Feng Z, Chen L, Yang H, Berman HM (2003) The protein data bank and structural genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 31:489–491
Wolber G, Dornhofer AA, Langer T (2007) Efficient overlay of small organic molecules using 3D pharmacophores. J Comput Aided Mol Des 20(12):773–788
Wolber G, Seidel T, Bendix F, Langer T (2008) Molecule-pharmacophore superpositioning and pattern matching in computational drug design. Drug Discov Today 13(1–2):23–29
Further Reading
chimera. https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/
dock. http://dock.compbio.ucsf.edu/
expasy. http://www.expasy.org
gold. https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/solutions/csd-discovery/components/gold/
ligandscout. http://www.inteligand.com/ligandscout/
moe. https://www.chemcomp.com/MOE-Molecular_Operating_Environment.htm
pdb. http://www.rcsb.org/
spdbv. http://www.expasy.org/spdbv/
swiss-model. https://swissmodel.expasy.org/
swiss-prot. http://www.expasy.org/sprot/
uniprot. http://www.uniprot.org
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Selzer, P.M., Marhöfer, R.J., Koch, O. (2018). Protein Structures and Structure-Based Rational Drug Design. In: Applied Bioinformatics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68301-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68301-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68299-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68301-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)