Characterization and comparison of key aroma compounds in raw and dry porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis) by aroma extract dilution analysis, quantitation and aroma recombination experiments

Food Chem. 2018 Aug 30:258:260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.056. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Abstract

A study was carried out to determine and compare the key aroma compounds in raw and dry porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis). The volatile fractions were prepared by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to identify the odorants. Selected aroma compounds were quantitated and odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated revealing OAVs ≥ 1 for 12 compounds in raw porcini, among which 1-octen-3-one showed the highest OAV. In addition to compounds with eight carbon atoms, 3-methylbutanal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal were also responsible for the unique aroma profile. In dry mushroom OAVs ≥ 1 were obtained for 20 odorants. Among them, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-one and pyrazines were determined as predominant odorants. Overall, drying increased complexity of volatile compounds, thus significantly changing the aroma profile of porcini, providing more desirable roasted and seasoning-like flavor and less grass-like and earthy notes.

Keywords: Aroma extract dilution analysis; Aroma profile; Aroma recombination; Odor active value; Porcini mushroom; Quantitation; Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation.

MeSH terms

  • Agaricales / chemistry*
  • Agaricales / metabolism
  • Aldehydes / analysis
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Odorants / analysis
  • Solvents / chemistry
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / analysis*

Substances

  • Aldehydes
  • Solvents
  • Volatile Organic Compounds
  • 2,4-decadienal
  • 2,4-nonadienal
  • isovalerylaldehyde