… on banks' markups; before we can reach any conclusion regarding the impact of the regulatory
reform, … To this end, the Lerner indexes estimated for commercial banks in each of the five …

… central bank. Such control over its own balance sheet is the core, central function of any
central bank, … We end by surveying how relationships between central banks and governments …

… key functions undertaken by the central bank. The main objective of central banks, over the
… 1.2 to an historical account of central bank macroeconomic policy. While the maintenance of …

… Finally, a lot has been written about appropriate regulatory reforms after the crisis and this
paper will not be able to do justice to all the different proposals and to all the different areas …

… study of the development of Central Banking, but I attempt, in … of the nature of banking, and
hence of Central Banking. Like … banking in theory; both sought to reform the operations of the …

… We study supervisory decisions of US banking regulators and … bank at exogenously set
time intervals. Comparing federal and state regulator supervisory ratings within the same bank, …

… The reform movement is seen as having been decisively shaped by the interests of the
banking community. Aware of country bankers' suspicions that a central bank would fall into the …

… of central bank reforms in terms of institutional independence and transparency has been
particularly brisk. This paper examines the current level of central bank … of central banks has …

… withdraw from all banks. The availability of reserves through central bank action would not, in
… panics is an important first step toward developing appropriate policy reforms for regulating …

… ’s service as a central banker, the art of central banking and the … still linked to gold, most
central banks’ monetary policies were … As a result of all these reforms, depositors would lose any …