IT has been known for several decades that a high-enthalpy gas flow expanding through the
nozzle of a high-enthalpy wind tunnel exhibits thermal and chemical nonequilibrium …

IN recent years, considerable advancement was made in the technique of testing in a shock
tunnel. In a nitrogen stream where high temperature chemical effects are weak …

Air-flow properties in nozzles were calculated and charted for equilibrium flow and two types
of frozen flows. In one type of frozen flow, air was assumed to be in equilibrium from the …

The effects of vibrational relaxation and recombination of high-temperature nitrogen and air
were investigated in a hypersonic shock tunnel at high flow Mach numbers. The equilibrium …

Publisher Summary In an isentropic expansion of a vapor mixture, the entropy of individual
components is not necessarily constant. In an expansion of moist air, the presence of water …

Vibrational relaxation effects are examined for hypersonic nozzle air flows. A simple method
of estimating the distribution of vibrational temperature along a nozzle is described and …

A computer code NOZNT (Nozzle in n-Temperatures), which calL culates oncdimensional
flows of partially dissociated and iouized air in an expanding nozde, is tested against five …

The flow of an ideal dissociating gas through a nearly conical nozzle is considered. The
equations of one-dimensional motion are solved numerically assuming a simple rate …

IN conjunction with its projects for the HERMES space shuttle, Europe is involved in the
design of new hypersonic wind-tunnel facilities. The stagnation conditions of such wind …

IN recent years a considerable amount of theoretical work has been published concerning
vibrational and chemical nonequilibrium flows in nozzle systems. 1" 8 These calculation …