Numerous mitochondrial constituents and metabolic products can function as damage-
associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and promote inflammation when released into the …

Many types of human cells self-destruct to maintain biological homeostasis and defend the
body against pathogenic substances. This process, called regulated cell death (RCD), is …

The proteins of the BCL-2 family are key regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis, acting as
either promoters or inhibitors of cell death. The functional interplay and balance between the …

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that is triggered by the toxic
build-up of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes. In recent years, ferroptosis has garnered …

In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the
immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic …

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase
family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis …

Cell death is critical for the development and homeostasis of almost all multicellular
organisms. Moreover, its dysregulation leads to diverse disease states. Historically …

Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the
form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is …