… review the problem-solving research and theoretical literature which seem to have relevance
for problem solving in "real-life" situations, to show how difficulties in problem solving may …

To study productive thinking where it is most conspicuous in great achievements is certainly
a temptation, and without a doubt, important information about the genesis of productive …

… for variability in problem-solving behavior and improvement in problem-solving skill with …
of why this problem-solving method can lead to optimal problem solving in novel situations. …

This chapter follows the historical development of research on problem solving. It begins
with a description of two research traditions that addressed different aspects of the problem-…

One may define problem solving so broadly as to make the term synonymous with learning.
To do so, one needs only to point out that all learning starts with some inadequacy of …

… This chapter describes problem solving as an … Problem solving is almost the prototype of
a higher mental activity. Psychologists have offered many theories of human problem solving. …

… This chapter describes human problem solving as a social activity that directly involves …
the acquisition of cognitive processes involved in problem solving. Goals, strategies, modes of …

THERE is a purposive tension from which no fully awake animal is free. It consists in a readiness
to perceive and to act, or, more generally speaking, to make sense of its own situation, …

… of problem solving for a statement of what it would mean to explain human problem solving,
… that it will refer to the magic of human thinking and problem solving, instead of stage magic. …

… models of research in physics problem-solving are detailed and summarized, … problem-solving
success. Specifically, they show that: (1) it is difficult to use protocols of problem-solving …