… He is the author of Political parties in the regions of Russia: democracy unclaimed (Boulder,
CO: Lynne Rienner, 2004) and many articles, including, most recently, in East European …

… Footnote15 In his research on this phenomenon, Grigorii Golosov … The law and its 2004
amendments define quite strictly what it … , NDR lost its appeal as electoral branch of the party of …

… electoral democracy featuring a plethora of political parties, … Footnote 1 In 2004–2007, the
country experienced a speedy … The most visible among them is Rodina that lost as many as …

… with democracy, such as elections and political parties, to exist, … At the end of 2004, the
Russian Federation consisted of 89 … , political parties were close to extinction in regional politics (…

… Although after the 2003–2004 parliamentary and presidential elections party fragmentation
… results, see Grigorii V. Golosov, ‘Sfabrikovannoe bol'shinstvo: konversiya golosov v mesta na …

… 2001; Luong 2002; and Golosov 2004], also forms the basis of … the only factor in building
democratic institutions. Although … the statement made by Grigory Yavlinsky about the necessity …

… 4; Golosov 2008b). These resources range from pressuring … /2004 cycle, however, only a
fifth of Russians live in regions … , the more democratic regions support Yeltsin and Russia’s …

… field of Soviet and Russian politics, democratization, and the … governors and chairs of regional
assemblies lost their ex officio … In December 2004 in the wake of the Beslan tragedy, the …

… democratization in all the regions. McMann and Petrov surveyed experts on Russian regional
politics to gauge lev els of democracy … elections in which the incumbents lost are coded 1, …

… of Russian politics, particularly in the areas of regional and … under Putin 2004–5 146 Key
factors explaining Russia’s … and, in particular, create resources for opposition political parties …, …