Sarcoidosis
Appearance
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder that can affect multiple organs. The lungs are affected most often (in 9 out of 10 cases in the UK). It is a noncaseating restrictive lung diseasee.
Sarcoidosis | |
---|---|
Other names | Sarcoïdosis, sarcoid, Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease[1] |
![]() | |
Chest X-ray showing the typical nodularity of sarcoidosis, predominantly in the hila of the lungs. | |
Pronunciation |
|
Medical specialty | Rheumatology, Immunology |
Symptoms | |
Usual onset | 20–50 years old More common in women[4] |
Duration | Few years to long term[2][5] |
Causes | Unknown[2] |
Risk factors | Family history[4] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and tissue biopsy[6] |
Differential diagnosis | Tuberculosis, lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary eosinophilia[7] |
Treatment | Ibuprofen, prednisone, methotrexate[8][9] |
Prognosis | Mortality 1–7%[5] |
Frequency | 1.9 million with interstitial lung disease (2015)[10] |
Deaths | 122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015)[11] |
The cause is not known. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are often used to treat sarcoidosis. In some cases, methotrexate may be also used. Antimalarial drugs have also been used.[12]
Sarcoidosis may involve the brain. If it does, it is called neurosarcoidosis. In some cases, pulmonary fibrosis is a complication of sarcoidosis.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Konstantinidis G (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Medicine and Biology: in English, Greek, German, Italian and Latin. Elsevier. p. 1454. ISBN 978-0-08-046012-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: The named reference
NIH2013What
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: The named reference
NIH2013Sym
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: The named reference
NIH2013Risk
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cite error: The named reference
Wj2015
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ Cite error: The named reference
Gov2015
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ Ferri FF (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter S. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
Dr2014
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ Cite error: The named reference
Jud2016
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ Cite error: The named reference
GBD2015Pre
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ Cite error: The named reference
GBD2015De
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ "Sarcoidosis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.