Jamaica
![Flag of Jamaica](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/447px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png)
Jamaica(牙 買 加 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Gaga kska Kska- Hunac Meycow ka Jamaica, 18 15 N, 77 30 W ka gaga na nniqan.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica.svg.png)
Kana ka knlbangan na o 10,991 sq km(hangan na o Tg168)(knlbanga dxgal o 10,831 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 160 sq km).
Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 2,970,340 hiyi.
Gaga Kingston ka pusu alang paru, jiyax idas 8 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.
Manu ka dxgal Jamaica ga wada sugan 41.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 31.10% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 27.50% na.
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Elizabeth II, pnaah hngkawas1952 idas 2 jiyax 6pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’
Yamaycya(牙 買 加 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Yamaycya (Kari Eygo:Jamaica) ka nniqan kingal knlangan taw Cyaropihay. Ida balay ka nniqan sediq tnpusu Idian Arawako yusi Tayno joku. Kngkawas 1494 cida miyah Yamaycya ka Korunpu , kngkawas 1509 daw wada mndxral qnlhangan Sipanya. Mniq kngkawas 1655 da u wada yahan mluk Ingkoku, mniq kngkawas 1866 cida wada mnIngkoku cusyadxral qnlhangan. Kngkawas 1962 idas 8 diyax 6 cida wada pusa kari dukuricu ka Yamaycya, saya pa kkcka iyax Taing kwosyey na Taing kwosyey wangkwo pusu biyax knlangan.
Rikisi(歷史 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Aerial_View_Tensing_Pen.png/220px-Aerial_View_Tensing_Pen.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jamaica_Export_Treemap.jpg/220px-Jamaica_Export_Treemap.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bauxite_Jamaica_1984.jpg/220px-Bauxite_Jamaica_1984.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Appleton_Estate_V-X_Jamaica_Rum-with_glass.jpg/220px-Appleton_Estate_V-X_Jamaica_Rum-with_glass.jpg)
Yamaycya pntaw u dhuq mscuqi brah 5 seyki kongyeyn daw wada mnniqan sediq Indian joku, hangan Arawako Yamaycya ka kndadax kari Arawako, dungus niya pa kiyaka “nniqan qsiya mi qqhuni”. Mingtay “Kwenyu wankwotu” u “Yamaycya” ka pnlawa dha. Kngkawas 1494 cida dhuq hini ka Korunpu , kngkawas 1509 pusa dxral qnlhangan dha Yamaycya mncahaya, wada pryuxun tmhangan Santiago. Sipanya pa, ngalan dha quli qmlahang ka sediq tnpusu tndxral hiya, so ini kbsiyaq cida daw, mnniq taw hiya ka sediq Arawako u alaw mccbu, run narux mi ngalan quli wada pkngatun. Smatang pkrana biyax mpqpah, kndadax kngkawas 1517 prading mquri Ahuyrika mari qalux sediq miyah mqulu Yamaycya hini, kiya ka wada kndudul tnpusu minjoku mniq hini ka sediq qalux da. Kngkawas 1538 cida, phiyu alang mkbrnux Sipanya ka sediq Sipanya, ngalan dha sohu Yamay cya. Kndadax tu16 seyki prading, yahan mcbu pneyyah knlangan goro ucilung Hwaransi, Ingkoran, Horan ka Yamaycya. Kngkawas 1655 idas 5, kingal cyeyntuy Ingkoku pnspuwan dmudul Weyryeyn Pin mi Ropoto Weynasu ka miyah mluk Yamaycya. Kiya mi knllu lmawa goro miyah taw hini mniq knbeyki bay sanan trudu asu Royakang, dmayaw qmlahang so ini yahi snramus cnbu Sipanya. Mniq kngkawas 1657 mi kngkawas 1658 iyax cida, wada snpusal peyyah Kupa miyah mcnbu ka Sipanya, wada ini qndhuq kana. Kngkawas 1670 cida, spuda pnrngawan kari Matori, wada balay bay sbuway Ingkoku ka ddxral Yamaycya, Ingkoku daw knllu dha ngalan citi quri uuda mgoro ucilung ka taw hini, mniq kngkawas 1692 cida ini dayi smliq runu brah cida hank a Royaarkang, wada mnduwa bay sotu goro ucilung Cyaropihay ka Yamaycya. Hiti daw, wada mlun Ingkoku ka alang mkbrnux Cingsutun, kndudul wada smmlun pusu bay alang mkbrnux Yamaycya. Mniq babaw 150 kngkawas iyax niyi da u, wada mnniqan bay hhangan pnyahan sato sibus, sinaw ranmu mi kahuy jeynseykay ka Yamaycya. Alaw ka iyux pttuku knou quri so pnhmanan, Ingkoku daw mniq kngkawas 1672 phiyu kojyo Hwangcya Ahuyrika, kndadax tuiril Ahuyrika, krinah bay ka mari qalux quli kndadax Dwiyaq Rayung dsun hini. Alaw wada ini sbliqi qmita, kiya mi wada knou bay mtutuy cmiyuk ka qalux quli, beytaq bay mniq lmiqu phiyu duma murux alang, wada dha plwanan sediq Marong. Kngkawas 1831 cida, Samyoar Syapu ka dmudul qalux quli pssli Smsung Kurusumasu ciyi, ana so mk10 diyaw daw wada ini pndungus ka ciyi, binaw wada sprunun bay qmita kana kcka knlangan Ingkoku. Quri so tyawca ndanan uuda niyi u wada dha ngalan alaw Taing tikwo ka mniq kngkawas 1834 idas 8 diyax 1 cida wada pusa kari plixun ka waya pquli mncahaya kiya ka niyi ka pusu balay. Thiti daw, ana so wada dhuq mangal tikuh hari mtrawah hari ka quli Yamaycy, binaw kndusan dha ida ini knpriyux pkmalu. Mniq kngkawas 1865 cida mntxan knbeyhing bay ciyi daw, kngkawas 1886 cida wada pusa kari ka Ingkoku ngalan dha knpriyux qmita dxral qnlhangan cuminti ka Yamaycya. Mniq thiti bay tu19 seyki, wada kndudul stabuy ka qqpahun pbari sato, rmirih na u mhuma blbun. Kngkawas 1872 cida, wada balay bay phyuwan sohu Yamaycya ka Cingsutun.
Kngkawas 1958 cida, wada tumal Tiril Intu Ryeynpang ka yamaycya, binaw mniq kngkawas 1961 cida, wada ini srwani ssediq ka patas pnsdhuwan ryeynmong, kiya ka wada beytaq malix ka Yamaycya.
Kngkawas 1962 idas 8 diyax 6 Yamaycya u wada pusa kari dukuricu, babaw dukuricu daw pusa kari tumal Taing kwosyey.
Kngkawas 2006 idas 3 diyax 30, ndananYamaycya muwaya bay qridin congri Posiya Miro ka mniq sotu Cingsutun phyuwan psdhu mangalqpahun.
Nniqan lnglingay(地理 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Kcka lnglingay knlangan u ou bay ddwiyaq, btasil seykay tubaraw brnux mi yayung huryo, kiya mi ou
bay mnhru qsiya, mkngahu ucilung niqan ou knbeyki bbrnux.
Karac kntlxan qyuxan qqhuni: Sbhuran ka ssttu pa kngkawas qnyuxan qqsiya u ya bay 1800 dhuq 2000 hawmi; kntlxan kngkawas u ya bay 27℃.
Seyji (政治 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Parliament.jm.jpg/220px-Parliament.jm.jpg)
Congtu Yamaycya u Cyuncu Yamaycya mniq Yamaycya ka rmirih dmuwi pusu biyax. Congri tacn Yamaycya ka pusu mpdudul seyhu, spuda Congyiyeyn tangkuy knhbaraw hiyitang ka phyuwan congri, bukung knlangan ka cyuncu Yamaycya Irisapay 2su.
Pusu bay cngtang Yamaycya wa Knlangan Sediq tang, Yamaycya Rawkong tang, Knlangan MincuUndo tang.
Yamaycya kwohuy psnakan Canyiyeyn,Congyiyeyn: Canyiyeyn(Senate): Kana bay giying pa 21 hiyi, kiya ka congtu u spuda congri mi bukung hantay tang pusa hangan (psuwan 13 mi 8 hiyi) psdhun. Congyiyeyn (House of Representatives) giying saya u niqan 63 hiyi, spuda msdurux seyngkyo umaw pnhiyu, diyax qpahun u 5 kngkawas. Mniq kngkawas 2016 idas 2 seyngkyo kwohuy cida, Rawkongtang ka mangal 33 hiyi giying, Knlangan Sediq tang u mangal 30 hiyi. Yamaycya saya pa Rawkongtang ka cucngtang, Knglangan Sediq tang ka pusu bay cayyeytang.
Keyjay(經濟 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Yamaijia-ditu-zh.png/220px-Yamaijia-ditu-zh.png)
Dxral arumi, sato sibus mi qpahun mprmiwaw ka pusu bay pjrana keyjay mi pusu bay nngalan wayhuy. Pusu bay cuyeyn u niqan dxral arumi, snliyan na u ya bay 19 oku tun, kiya ka knkana jeynseykay tuturu knbeyhing bay knlangan pnyahan dxral arumi. Niqan duma ka kwangcan pa niqan ku, dong, xiluy, cyeyn, sin mi sukaw.
Knlbangan qqhini lmiqu wa 26.5 knbkiyan lituk, to bay so lmlamu mrimax qhuni. Kmari mi sdhun smalu ka dxral arumi u kiya ka pusu balay kongyey oumun. Kiya mi niqan uri ka uuqun cyakong, mmahun, puqan tkmuwan, snalu xxiluy, qqiya sntama deyngki, jayryaw phyuwan sapah, hwaswey cupin mi hwangcu llukus ka qqpahun kongyey. Ddxral qqpahun u ya bay 27 knbkiyan lituk, knlbangan qqhuni llmiqu u ya bay pndkanan kana knlbangan knlangan u 20% Pusu bay pnhuma wa sibus mi blbun,niqan uri ka koko, kahuy mi tanah ucik. Qpahun rmiwaw ka pusu bay pnhuma wa sibus mi blbun, niqan uri ka koko, kahuy mi tanah ucik. Qpahun rmiwaw ka pusu bay keyjay pumun mi pusu bay nngalan hbangan wayhuy. trahuc u niqan
Singcng Cyuhwa(行政 區劃 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Yamaycya pa psnakan turu cyun, 14 cyawcyu.
- Saricyun, wa mniq tunarac, kiya mi niqan 4 ka cyawcyu wa trahuc niyi:
- Kingsutun cyu
- Potoran cyu(Portland)
- Sngantorusu cyu(Saint Andrew)
- Sngtomasu cyu(Saint Thomas)
- Mitoarsaykosu cyun,wa mniq kcka nniqan, kiya ka knkana 5 cyawcyu trahuc:
- Koraruntng cyu(Clarendon)
- Mancosuto cyu(Manchester)
- Snganna cyu(Saint Ann)
- Sngkaysorin cyu(Saint Catherine)
- Sngmari cyu(Saint Mary)
- Kangwoar cyun, wa mniq tuiril, kiya ka knkana 5 trahuc cyawcyu:
- Hannowa cyu(Hanover)
- Sngirisapay cyu(Saint Elizabeth)
- Sngcanmusu cyu(Saint James)
- Torironi cyu(Trelawny)
- Weysutomoran cyu(Westmoreland)
Meyti(媒體 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Ppeyyah singbung: Pusu bay ssingbung u niqan “Singbung cicin jupaw”, “Hayo wanpaw”, kiya ka na “Singbung cicin jupaw” wanpaw, jupaw “Yamay cisupaw”, “Hhnang Yamaycya” cokan, swangcokan “Syujupaw”.
Yamaycya singbung su: Pnhiyu kngkawas 1962. Kiya ka na seyhu singbung ciko. Yamaycya tonsyunso: Pnhiyu kngkawas 1979. Kiya ka na tongsyunso seyhu, knlwanan singbungbu.
Pusu bay kwangpo teynday mi treybiday paniqan : Kngkawas 1959 cida bnuway hbangan seyhu pnhiyu ka Yamaycya kwangpo kojyo, pnodaeyhu psdhu tongsuhuy dmudul. Phiyu kwangpo teynday mi treybiday. Kwangpo teynday 1day mi 2day u tnkaxa pradiyo. Treybiday ka sangyeysing, knkingal iyax sngayan u ppqita 140 jikang. Pnhiyu kngkawas 1950 ka Yamaycya deyngday u, pnuda 21 pnsliyan msupu pnsumu hbangan rmawah kiya, tnkaka pradiyo.
Knhbrawan hiyi sediq(人口 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/LocationJamaica.svg/383px-LocationJamaica.svg.png)
2,731,832 hiyi sediq (hiyi kngkawas 2015). Qalux sediq mi sediq Murato ka hmrinas 90%, msngari daw sediq Intu, sediq bhuway mi hwajn.
Bungka(文化 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Yamaycya pa niqan kingal tndhun dha balay Isopiya hongti Hayar Sayrasi isu ka cyawpay Rasutohwari undo, niqan bay biyax niya rmuru.
Tiyu(體育 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]Yamaycya u niqan bay simi dha quri tiyu ka knlanganniyi, pancyo, boru btran, tyeyncing, pnsung dapa dmayi ka kuxul balay uundo tnualang hini. Mniq pnsung Awyun u, niqan malu bay quri pnqita dha mi wada mangal snadu quri tyeyncing ka Yamaycya.
Kngkawas 2008 Peycing Awyun cida wada mangal 6 king 3 ging 2 dong snadu ka Yamaycya, 11 ka snadu pa to bay mnangal dha quri tyeyncing kana, kcka niyi pa Yamaycya llbu tnalang snaw qridin ddha hiyi sediq mskaya Usayen Poarto mi Weyronika Kanbeyar Bulang mniq tntaxa hiyin u wada mangal dha king snadu (kngkawas 2008 idas 8 diyax 20, mqaras smsung pntingan na 22 kngkawas brah cida ka Poarto) mi kingal king snadu, Poarto ka 9.69 byo mi 19.30 byo wada mndha smurus jeynseykay curu 100 meyta mi 200 meyta, wada da hrnasun ka hiya nanaq 100 meyta 9.72 byo mi tnalang Amirika Mayko Cansn 200 meyta 19.32 byo Jeynseykay ciru. Wada nbabaw kngkawas 1984 Kaar Ruyis bukuy daw, tutxtaxa sediq mangal 100 meyta mi 200 mwyta Awyun kwancyu. Mniq snaw 400 meyta cyeyri u, Poarto mi dtnhiqan na Asahwa Pawweyar dhiya pa wada 37.10 ka tnalang dha mi slxan bay smurus jeynseykay ciru. Mnniq kngkawas 2012 Runtun Awyunkay cida, Poarto mi tnhiqan niya pa wada tmalang 36.84 dungan smurus 400 meyta jeynseykay ciru. Sprunun bay snrnu na u, Poarto ka ndanan kana Awyunkay pa, 1kay Awyun mntxan smurus tuturu kluwanan jeynseykay ciru sediq mskaya ka Poarto, ana niqan bay hhangan rikisi ka Kaar Ruyis pa ini na dhqi muda uri ka so snklwiun bay ndanan niyi.
Pnyahan pnatas(參考 資料 )
[smmalu patas | ida npatas sspgan ka smmalu patas]- CIA
外交 部 - List of current heads of state and government
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%99%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%A0(
參考 自 中 文 維基百科 ) - Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro(
瓦 旦 吉 洛 ) mtabug