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ScienceDaily: Computing
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Computing

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the formal concept of computation, see computation.

Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a science that deals with the original sense of computing mathematical calculations. "Computing" has come to mean the operation and usage of computing machines, the electrical processes carried out within the computing hardware itself, and the theoretical concepts governing them (computer science).

The following definition of computing is given in the ACM report Computing As a Discipline:

The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all the computing is 'What can be (efficiently) automated?'


Contents

Science and theory

Hardware

See information processor for a high-level block diagram.

Instruction-level taxonomies

After the commoditization of memory, attention turned to optimizing CPU performance at the instruction level. Various methods of speeding up the fetch-execute cycle include:

Software

History of computing

Business computing

Managed Service Provider, MSP

  • Virtual IT Solution

Human factors

Computer security

Data

Numeric data

Character data

Other data topics

Mechatronics

Classes of computers

Companies - current

Companies - historic

Professional organizations

Standards organizations and consortia

(see also standardization)

Miscellaneous



This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Computing".

 

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Computing -- Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a science that deals with the original sense of computing mathematical ... > full article

Computer software -- Computer software (or simply software) is that part of a computer system that consists of encoded information (or computer instructions), as opposed to the physical computer equipment (hardware) ... > full article

Computer -- A computer is a machine for manipulating data according to a list of instructions - a program. Computers can be extremely versatile. In fact, they are universal information processing machines. ... > full article

History of computing hardware -- Computing hardware has been an essential component of the process of calculation and data storage since it became useful for numerical values to be processed and ... > full article

Charles Babbage -- Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 - 18 October 1871) was an English mathematician, analytical philosopher, mechanical engineer and (proto-) computer scientist who originated the idea of a ... > full article

Grid computing -- Grid computing is an emerging computing model that provides the ability to perform higher throughput computing by taking advantage of many networked computers to model a virtual computer architecture ... > full article

Computer simulation -- A computer simulation or a computer model is a computer program that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system. The reliability and the trust people put in computer simulations ... > full article

Malware -- Malware ("malicious software") is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system, without the owner's consent. The term describes the intent of the creator, rather than any particular ... > full article

Cryptography -- Cryptography is the field concerned with linguistic and mathematical techniques for securing information, particularly in communications. The study of how to circumvent the use of cryptography is ... > full article

Quantum computer -- A quantum computer is any device for computation that makes direct use of distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on ... > full article

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