(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Encyclopædia Britannica
The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20061110084521/http://www.britannica.com/
Already a member?
LOGIN
Search:
Browse: Subjects A to Z The Index
What's New
Britannica is launching a new site, Advocacy for Animals, dedicated to understanding and protecting the animals with whom we share our planet. Read this week's entry on the California condor, an endangered species being saved from extinction.

Britannica Blog has smart, lively conversations about a broad range of topics such as art, science, history, and current events.

Britannica Highlights

Edmond HalleyThe great English astronomer and mathematician Edmond Halley was born on November 8, 1656, 350 years ago this week. Halley was the first to predict the cycle of the comet that was later named after him, and he worked on the theory of gravitation with Isaac Newton.


Search Tools
Convenient tools like RSS and browser plug ins put reliable Britannica search results at your fingertips. Learn More

Britannica Mobile
Search Britannica any time, anywhere on your cell phone, PDA, or iPod. Learn More about our wireless solutions.

Photograph:Computer monitor connected to the Internet.

So Far, So Fast

What began as a network for technicians and researchers in the 1970s became a nearly universal means of communication in the late 20th and the early 21st century. In Britannica's new coverage of the Internet, one of the system's founders, Robert Kahn, discusses the history and architecture of the Internet, and technology writer Michael Dennis surveys the social, cultural, and economic impact of this online revolution. Features Archive

Daily Features

Biography of the Day

Morning, oil painting, part of the Marriage ? la Mode series by William ?William Hogarth, the first great English artist to attract admiration abroad, who was best known for moral and satirical engravings and paintings such as A Rake's Progress (begun 1732), was born this day in 1697.

This Day in History

David Livingstone, from the book The Life & Explorations of Dr. Livingstone.On this day in 1871, according to his journal, explorer Henry Stanley greeted David Livingstone, the fellow explorer in search of the source of the Nile River, with the famous words “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”
More

Enter your e-mail below or register for our RSS feed. And sign up for Inside Britannica, our monthly newsletter showcasing new and updated, reflective and relevant content. Visit our newsletter archive.

Daily Monthly

Test Your Knowledge

Photo Quiz

Identify this person.

Answer

Quizmaster: Arts and Literature

Who wrote the poem Don Juan?

Quote of the Day

Business underlies everything in our national life, including our spiritual life. Witness the fact that in the Lord's Prayer the first petition is for daily bread. No one can worship God or love his neighbor on an empty stomach.
Woodrow Wilson, speech (1912)
Timelines
Britannica's interactive Timelines trace key dates and developments through history with illustrations and encyclopedia links.

View Timelines

Year in Review
Britannica's popular Year in Review covers the most important people and events of the previous year, from Nobel Prize winners to the films taking top honours around the world.

View Year in Review

Classics
Encyclopædia Britannica has published, for more than 200 years, the foremost writers, thinkers, and scholars in the world. Our Classics feature highlights some of these famous contributors and their writings for Britannica.

View Britannica Classics

Nations of the World
Britannica has extensive coverage of the nations of the world, including articles, maps, flags, images, videos, and more.

View the Nations

World Atlas
Britannica's interactive World Atlas allows you to browse maps and profiles of continents, countries, states, and more. Find national and state flags, profiles, and hundreds of political and physical maps.

View the World Atlas

World Data Analyst
Using a database of current and historical statistics for 217 countries, create cross-national comparisons with custom tables and charts, or export the information to a spreadsheet for data crunching and deeper analysis.
For Subscribers
View World Data

Members Get More!

Student Center

Get help with citations, bibliographies, and more! Visit the Student Center for articles and media developed for students.

Shopping

article 176Shopping


New! 2007 Encyclopædia Britannica Print Set
Revised, updated, and still unrivaled.


New! Britannica 2007 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM
The world's premier software reference source.


Great Books of the Western World
The greatest written works in one magnificent collection.

Visit Britannica Store

Contributor's News

Which Central Asian game is played with a headless goat? Which bank relies on peer pressure as collateral for loans? Glad You Asked, a new book by Britannica and Triumph Books, provides the answers to these and hundreds of other questions. The book features witty commentary by Michael Feldman, acclaimed host of the Whad'Ya Know radio show. Learn more about the book from the Britannica Store.

Buy This Book


The Argumentative Indian Amartya Sen, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998, teaches at Harvard University and is a member of Britannica's Editorial Board of Advisors. In his latest book, The Argumentative Indian, he discusses the roots of Indian culture and identity and the effects of such forces as nationalism, pluralism, and globalization. His book is now available from the Britannica Store.

Buy This Book
Editorial Board

c