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Temperature record -- The temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time. The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical ... > full article

Ice age -- An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth's climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers ("glaciation"). ... > full article

Greenland ice sheet -- The Greenland Ice Sheet is a vast body of ice covering roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The ice sheet is almost ... > full article

Ice sheet -- An Ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 square kilometers (19,305 square miles). The only current ice sheets are Antarctic and Greenland; ... > full article

Paleoclimatology -- Paleoclimatology is the study of climate change taken on the scale of the entire history of the earth. Glaciers are a widely employed instrument in paleoclimatology. The ice in glaciers has hardened ... > full article

Climate -- The climate is the weather averaged over a long period of time. Weather is the combination of events in the atmosphere and climate is the overall accumulated weather in a certain location. Over ... > full article

Sequence stratigraphy -- Sequence stratigraphy is a relatively new branch of geology that attempts to link prehistoric sea-level changes to sedimentary deposits. The 'sequence' part of the name refers to cyclic sedimentary ... > full article

Sea level -- Mean sea level (MSL) is the average (mean) height of the sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface. Defining the reference level, however, involves complex measurement, and accurately ... > full article

Earth science -- Many scientists are now starting to use an approach known as Earth system science which treats the entire Earth as a system in its own right, which evolves as a result of positive and negative ... > full article

Little Ice Age -- The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling lasting approximately from the 14th to the mid-19th centuries, although there is no generally agreed start or end date: some confine the period to ... > full article

Geologic temperature record -- This article is devoted to temperature changes in Earth's environment as determined from geologic evidence on multi-million to billion (109) year time scales. The last 3 million years have been ... > full article

Glacier -- A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. A glacier is formed by multi-year ice accretion in sloping terrain. Glaciers can be found on ... > full article

Ice core -- An ice core is a core sample from the accumulation of snow and ice over many years that have recrystallized and have trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. The composition of these ice ... > full article

Instrumental temperature record -- The instrumental temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans since the invention of ... > full article

Annual sedimentary layer -- A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock. Terms such as "annually laminated" are synonymous with varve. Of the many rhythmites found in the geological record, varves are one of the ... > full article

Temperature record of the past 1000 years -- The temperature record of the past 1000 years describes the reconstruction of temperature for the last 1000 years on the Northern Hemisphere. A reconstruction is needed because a reliable surface ... > full article

Atmospheric chemistry -- Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws ... > full article

Sediment -- Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ... > full article

Precambrian -- The Precambrian is an informal name for the eons of the geologic timescale that came before the current Phanerozoic eon. It spans from the formation of Earth around 4500 Ma (million years ago) to the ... > full article

Greenhouse gas -- Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gaseous components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the ... > full article

 

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Summaries | Headlines

Satellites Shed Light On Global Warming (April 27, 2007) -- As climate change continues to make headlines across the world, participants at the 2007 Envisat Symposium are hearing how Earth observation satellites allow scientists to better understand the ... > full story

Fungi Respond To Climate Change (April 25, 2007) -- Climate change is dramatically altering the growing patterns of mushrooms, toadstools and other fungi, new research has ... > full story

Space Data Unveils Evidence Of Ancient Mega-lake In Northern Darfur (April 12, 2007) -- Researchers used recently acquired topographic data from satellites to reveal an ancient mega-lake in the Darfur province of northwestern Sudan. According to the researchers, mapping the site of the ... > full story

Abrupt Climate Change Far More Common Than Previously Thought (April 9, 2007) -- It came on quickly and then lasted nearly two decades, eventually killing more than one million people and affecting 50 million more. All of this makes the Sahel drought, which first struck West ... > full story

Greenhouse Gas Effect Consistent Over 420 Million Years (March 29, 2007) -- New calculations show that sensitivity of Earth's climate to changes in the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide has been consistent for the last 420 million years, according to an article in Nature by ... > full story

Gravity Measurements Help Melt Ice Mysteries (March 28, 2007) -- Greenland is cold and hot. It's a deep freezer storing 10 percent of Earth's ice and a subject of fevered debate. If something should melt all that ice, global sea level could rise as much as 7 ... > full story

Global Warming Forecasts Creation, Loss Of Climate Zones (March 27, 2007) -- A new global warming study predicts that many current climate zones will vanish entirely by the year 2100, replaced by climates unknown in today's ... > full story

New Evidence Puts 'Snowball Earth' Theory Out In The Cold (March 25, 2007) -- The theory that Earth once underwent a prolonged time of extreme global freezing has been dealt a blow by new evidence that periods of warmth occurred during this so-called "Snowball Earth" ... > full story

Climate Change: Could It Be Random? (March 10, 2007) -- Severe climate changes during the last ice-age could have been caused by random chaotic variations on Earth and not governed by external periodic influences from the sun. This has been shown in new ... > full story

Heatwave On The Top Of The World (March 7, 2007) -- CNRS scientists in collaboration with a team announce findings that global warming has increased the average temperature by 0.74 degrees C over the last century. This result was published on Feb. 7, ... > full story

Miniature Lab Ice Spikes May Hold Clues To Warming Impacts On Glaciers (March 6, 2007) -- Tiny lab versions of 12-foot tall snow spikes that form naturally on some high mountain glaciers may someday help scientists mitigate the effects of global warming in the Andes, according to a ... > full story

Sediment Wedge Key To Glacial Environmental Stability (March 6, 2007) -- A wedge of sediment, pushed up by glacial movement, may be a buffer against moderate sea level rise, pointing to ocean temperature rise as the key factor in glacial retreat, according to two papers ... > full story

< more recent summaries | earlier summaries >

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt : 3 Volume Set
Featuring 600 original articles written by leading scholars, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt goes far beyond the records of archaeology to make available what we know about the full social, ... > read more

The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts
The Bible Unearthed is a balanced, thoughtful, bold reconsideration of the historical period that produced the Hebrew Bible. The headline news in this book is easy to pick out: there is no evidence ... > read more

Myths of the Archaic State : Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations
Classical archaeology promotes the view that a state's evolution reflects general, universal forces. Norman Yoffee challenges the model in this book by presenting more complex and multi-linear models ... > read more

The 12th Planet (The Earth Chronicles, Book 1)
Zecharia Sitchen's The 12th Planet is the starting point on a quest that spans six books and 20 years worth of ancient aliens, genetic manipulation, and scrutiny of linguistic minutiae. If we trust ... > read more

The Oracle : The Lost Secrets and Hidden Messages of Ancient Delphi
A renegade team of scientists discovers the truth behind the Oracle of Delphi's mythical powers of second sight. Of all the stories of life in ancient Greece, few capture the imagination as much as ... > read more

The Archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine (Getty Trust Publications: J. Paul Getty Museum)
The regions that compose the current state of Israel and the emerging state of Palestine have yielded a wealth of fascinating archaeological evidence, from the Dead Sea Scrolls found in a cave in ... > read more

Underground! : The Disinformation Guide to Ancient Civilizations, Astonishing Archaeology and Hidden History
Where did "modern" civilization begin? What lies beneath the waves? Do myths describe interstellar impact? How'd they lift that stone? Was the Ark of the Covenant a mechanical device? Were there ... > read more

The Winds of Change : Climate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations
The Winds of Change places the horrifying carnage unleashed on New Orleans, Mississippi, and Alabama by Hurricane Katrina in context.Climate has been humanity's constant, if moody, companion. At ... > read more

Elemental Geosystems, Fourth Edition
This book gives readers an accessible, systematic, non-mathematical, and visually appealing start in physical geography. It features a distinctive, holistic integration of human-Earth relationships, ... > read more

The Weather Makers : How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth
Sometime this century the day will arrive when the human influence on the climate will overwhelm all other natural factors. Over the past decade, the world has seen the most powerful El Niño ... > read more

 
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