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Dementia with Lewy bodies -- Dementia with Lewy bodies is the second most frequent cause of hospitalization for dementia, after Alzheimer's disease. Current estimates are that about 60 to 75% of diagnosed dementias are of the ... > full article

Deep brain stimulation -- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of a group of treatments involving surgical implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses to specific parts of the ... > full article

Parkinson's disease -- Parkinson's disease (paralysis agitans or PD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the substantia nigra, an area in the basal ganglia of the brain. The disease involves a progressive disorder of the ... > full article

Hallucination -- A hallucination is a sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulus, as distinct from an illusion, which is a misperception of an external stimulus. Hallucinations may occur in ... > full article

Neurology -- Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Physicians specializing in the field of neurology are called neurologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and ... > full article

Restless legs syndrome -- Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a poorly understood and often misdiagnosed neurological disorder. RLS (which is also sometimes referred to as Jimmy Legs, spare legs or "the kicks") may be described ... > full article

Dopamine -- Dopamine is a chemical naturally produced in the body. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating dopamine receptors. Dopamine can be supplied as a medication that acts on the ... > full article

Dementia -- Dementia is progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Particularly affected areas may be memory, attention, ... > full article

Neurotransmitter -- Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell. Substances that act as neurotransmitters can be roughly categorized ... > full article

Encephalopathy -- Encephalopathy is a nonspecific term describing a syndrome affecting the brain. Generally, it refers to involvement of large parts of the brain (or the whole organ), instead of identifiable changes ... > full article

Narcolepsy -- Narcolepsy is a neurological condition characterized by severe fatigue, irresistible episodes of sleep and general sleep disorder. The main characteristic of narcolepsy is overwhelming excessive ... > full article

Amyloid -- Amyloid describes various types of protein aggregations that share specific traits when examined microscopically. For a period, the scientific community debated whether or not amyloid deposits were ... > full article

Excitotoxicity and cell damage -- Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which neurons are damaged and killed by the overactivations of receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, such as the NMDA receptor and ... > full article

Narcolepsy (sleep disorder) -- Narcolepsy is a neurological condition most characterized by Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), episodes of sleep and disorder of REM or rapid eye movement sleep. It is a type of dyssomnia. The main ... > full article

Traumatic brain injury -- Traumatic brain injury (TBI), traumatic injuries to the brain, also called intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes brain damage. With mild TBI, the patient may ... > full article

Brain damage -- Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage may occur due to a wide range of conditions, illnesses, or injuries. Possible causes of widespread ... > full article

Biological psychiatry -- Biological psychiatry, or biopsychiatry is an approach to psychiatry that aims to understand mental disorder in terms of the biological function of the nervous ... > full article

Biological psychiatry -- Biological psychiatry, or biopsychiatry is an approach to psychiatry that aims to understand mental disorder in terms of the biological function of the nervous system. It is interdisciplinary in its ... > full article

Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia -- The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia or the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis is a theory that argues that the unusual behaviour and experiences associated with schizophrenia (sometimes extended ... > full article

Mental confusion -- Severe confusion of a degree considered pathological usually refers to loss of orientation (ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time, location, and personal identity), and often memory ... > full article