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Feathered dinosaurs -- Feathered dinosaurs are regarded by many paleontologists as transitional fossils between birds and dinosaurs. It was already well known that ancient birds such as Archaeopteryx had many saurian ... > full article

Evolution of the horse -- The evolution in the structure of their teeth, odd-toed limbs, obvious mobility of the upper lip, and other aspects, joins the horse to the evolutionary line of odd-toed, hoofed mammals: the ... > full article

Trace fossil -- Trace fossils are those details preserved in rocks that are indirect evidence of life. While we are most familiar with relatively spectacular fossil hard part remains such as shells and bones, trace ... > full article

Artifact (archaeology) -- An artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor. Examples include stone tools such as projectile points, ... > full article

Homo ergaster -- Homo ergaster ("working man") is an extinct hominid species (or subspecies, according to some authorities) which lived throughout eastern and southern Africa between 1.9 to 1.4 million years ago with ... > full article

Multiregional hypothesis -- The multiregional origin hypothesis of human species holds that some, or all, of the genetic variation between the contemporary human races is attributable to genetic inheritance from either Homo ... > full article

Paralititan -- Paralititan stromeri was a giant titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur discovered in coastal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Bahariya Formation of Egypt. The fossil represents the first tetrapod reported ... > full article

Extinction event -- An extinction event (also extinction-level event, ELE) occurs when a large number of species die out in a relatively short period of time. Since life began on Earth, a number of major mass ... > full article

Homo rudolfensis -- Homo rudolfensis is a fossil hominin species originally proposed in 1986 by V. P. Alexeev for the specimen Skull 1470 (KNM ER 1470). Originally thought to be a member of the species Homo habilis, the ... > full article

Peking Man -- Peking Man (sometimes now called Beijing Man), also called Sinanthropus pekinensis (currently Homo erectus pekinensis), is an example of Homo erectus. The remains were first discovered in 1923-27 ... > full article

Parallel evolution -- Parallel evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits, starting from a similar ancestral condition. Frequently this is the situation in more closely related lineages, where several ... > full article

Fossil -- Fossils are the mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. The totality of fossils and their placement in fossiliferous ... > full article

The evolution of human intelligence -- The nature and origins of hominid intelligence is a much-studied and much-debated topic, of natural interest to humans as the most successful and intelligent hominid species. There is no universally ... > full article

Cretaceous -- The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period, about 146 million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the Paleocene epoch ... > full article

Hadrosaurus -- Hadrosaurus is a hadrosaurid dinosaur genus. In 1858, a skeleton of a dinosaur from this genus was the first full dinosaur skeleton found in North America, and in 1868 it became the first ever ... > full article

Mesozoic -- The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. The Mesozoic includes three geologic periods: from oldest to youngest, they are the Triassic, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous ... > full article

Excavation -- Excavation is the best-known and most commonly used technique within the science of archaeology. Individual excavations are normally referred to simply as "digs" by those who participate, this being ... > full article

Archaeology -- Archaeology or archeology is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, ... > full article

Ichthyosaur -- Ichthyosaurs were giant marine reptiles that resemble a dolphin with large teeth. They lived during a large part of the Mesozoic era, and appeared about 250 million years ago (Ma), slightly earlier ... > full article

Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event -- The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was a period of massive extinction of species, about 65.5 million years ago. It corresponds to the end of the Cretaceous Period and the beginning of the ... > full article

 

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Summaries | Headlines

'Regressive Evolution' In Cavefish: Natural Selection Or Genetic Drift (February 16, 2007) -- "Regressive evolution," or the reduction of traits over time, is the result of either natural selection or genetic drift, according to a study on cavefish by researchers at New York University's ... > full story

Out Of Africa -- Bacteria, As Well: Homo Sapiens And H. Pylori Jointly Spread Across The Globe (February 16, 2007) -- When man made his way out of Africa some 60,000 years ago to populate the world, he was not alone: He was accompanied by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastritis in many people ... > full story

Americans Cultivated And Traded Chili Peppers 6,000 Years Ago (February 16, 2007) -- Smithsonian researchers and colleagues report that across the Americas, chili peppers (Capsicum species) were cultivated and traded as early as 6,000 years ago -- predating the invention of pottery ... > full story

Study Of Diabetes And Race Reveals The Imperfect Science Of Defining Ethnic Groups (February 15, 2007) -- While previous biomedical research studies have found that genetics and race increase risk for some diseases, a new look into how researchers study genetic triggers of type 2 diabetes suggests that ... > full story

Cold Climate Produced By Algae Contributed To Onset Of Multicellular Life (February 15, 2007) -- The rise of multicellular animals about 540 million years ago was a turning point in the history of life. A group of Finnish scientists suggests a new climate-biosphere interaction mechanism for the ... > full story

Europeans' Understanding Of Science, Evolution, More Advanced Than Americans (February 15, 2007) -- When it comes to scientific literacy, Americans aren't nearly as evolved as they may think. In fact, only about 40 percent of American adults accept the basic idea of evolution, a figure much lower ... > full story

Biological Kinship: Nonconscious Mechanism In Human Brain Identifies Genetic Siblings On Basis Of Ancient Cues (February 15, 2007) -- A team of researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, has found evidence of a nonconscious mechanism in the human brain that identifies genetic siblings on the basis of cues that ... > full story

New DNA Method Helps Explain Extinction Of Woolly Mammoth, Other Ice Age Mammals (February 14, 2007) -- What caused the extinction of the woolly rhinoceros ten thousand years ago from an area in Europe covering the coasts of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the coasts of the Mediterranean in the south? ... > full story

Chimp Stone Age: West African Chimpanzees Have Been Cracking Nuts With Stone Tools For Thousands Of Years (February 13, 2007) -- Researchers have found evidence that chimpanzees from West Africa were cracking nuts with stone tools before the advent of agriculture, thousands of years ago. The result suggests chimpanzees ... > full story

Archaeological Remains Point To Exact Location Of Second Temple Of Jerusalem (February 13, 2007) -- While scholars have put forth various assessments for the location of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, a Hebrew University of Jerusalem professor says that archaeological remains that have so far been ... > full story

Researchers Unearth 4,300-year-old Chimpanzee Technology; 'Stone Hammers' Fuel Evolutionary Debate (February 13, 2007) -- A University of Calgary archaeologist has discovered stone "hammers" in the Tai rainforest of Africa's Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) that date back 4,300 years. The primitive tools were used by ... > full story

Mummy's Amazing American Maize (February 12, 2007) -- The far-reaching influence of Spanish and Portuguese colonisers appears not to have extended to South American agriculture, scientists studying a 1,400-year-old Andean mummy have found. The ... > full story

< more recent summaries | earlier summaries >

The Complete World of Human Evolution
A compelling, authoritative, and superbly illustrated account of the rise and eventual domination of our species.Human domination of the earth is now so complete that it is easy to forget how ... > read more

Archaeology : A Brief Introduction (9th Edition)
For introductory level courses in Archaeology and as a supplement for courses in Physical Anthropology where the instructor would like to integrate archaeology. This introduction to the fundamental ... > read more

Myths of the Archaic State : Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations
Classical archaeology promotes the view that a state's evolution reflects general, universal forces. Norman Yoffee challenges the model in this book by presenting more complex and multi-linear models ... > read more

Evolution of the Insects
This book chronicles the complete evolutionary history of insects--their living diversity and relationships as well as 400 million years of fossils. Introductory sections cover the living species ... > read more

Extinction : How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago
Some 250 million years ago, the earth suffered the greatest biological crisis in its history. Around 95% of all living species died out--a global catastrophe far greater than the dinosaurs' demise 65 ... > read more

The Goddess and the Bull : Catalhoyuk: An Archaeological Journey to the Dawn of Civilization
Thousands of years before the pyramids were built in Egypt and the Trojan War was fought, a great civilization arose on the Anatolian plains. The Goddess and the Bull details the dramatic quest by ... > read more

Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life
One of the best descriptions of the nature and implications of Darwinian evolution ever written, it is firmly based in biological information and appropriately extrapolated to possible applications ... > read more

Biological Science (2nd Edition)
Infused with the spirit of inquiry, Freeman's Biological Science helps teach readers the fundamentals while introducing them to the excitement that drives the science. By presenting unifying concepts ... > read more

Biology : The Unity and Diversity of Life (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)
Cecie Starr and Ralph Taggart are among the most successful authors in introductory, biological science instruction because of their lively approach, engaging writing style, current coverage of the ... > read more

Encyclopedia Prehistorica Dinosaurs: The Definitive Pop-Up
From renowned pop-up masters Robert Sabuda and Matthew Reinhart comes an awe-inspiring tribute to the world's most beloved extinct animals and their 180-million-year reign on our planet.Open this ... > read more

 
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