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Chechnya
Republic, southwestern Russia.
check
Bill of exchange drawn on a bank and payable on demand.
checkers
Board game for two players, each with 12 pieces positioned on the black squares of a 64-square checkerboard.
checks and balances
Principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.
cheese
Food consisting of the coagulated, compressed, and usually ripened curd of milk separated from the whey.
cheetah
Slender, long-legged cat (Acinonyx jubatus) that lives on open plains of southern, central, and eastern Africa, and in the Middle East, where it is all but extinct.
Cheever, John
U.S. short-story writer and novelist.
Cheke, Sir John
English humanist.
Chekhov, Anton (Pavlovich)
Russian playwright and short-story writer.
chelate
Any of a class of coordination or complex compounds consisting of a central atom of a metal (usually a transition element) attached to a large molecule (ligand).
Chelif River
River, Algeria.
Chelmsford
Town and borough (pop., 2001: 157,053), county seat of Essex, southeastern England.
Chelmsford (of Chelmsford), Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount
English colonial administrator.
Chelsea porcelain
Soft-paste porcelain made in the London borough of Chelsea.
Chelyabinsk
City (pop., 2002: 1,078,300), west-central Russia.
chemical energy
Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
chemical engineering
Academic discipline and industrial activity concerned with developing processes and designing and operating plants to change materials' physical or chemical states.
chemical equation
Method of writing the essential features of a chemical reaction using chemical symbols (or other agreed-upon abbreviations).
chemical formula
Expression of the composition or structure of a chemical compound.
chemical hydrology
Subdivision of hydrology that deals with the chemical characteristics of the water on and beneath the surface of the Earth.
chemical reaction
Any chemical process in which substances are changed into different ones, with different properties, as distinct from changing position or form (phase).
chemical symbol
Notation of one or two letters derived from the scientific names of the chemical elements (e.g., S for sulfur, Cl for chlorine, Zn for zinc).
chemical warfare
Use of lethal or incapacitating chemical weapons in war, and the methods of combating such agents.
chemin de fer
Card game in which two or three cards are dealt to up to 12 players, who bet one at a time against each other rather than against the house.
chemistry
Science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances (elements and compounds), the reactions and transformations they undergo, and the energy released or absorbed during those processes.
Chemnitz
City (pop., 2002 est.: 255,800), eastern Germany.
chemoreception
Sensory process by which organisms respond to external chemical stimuli, by employing specialized cells (chemoreceptors) that convert the stimuli directly or indirectly into nerve impulses.
chemotaxonomy
Method of biological classification based on similarities in the structure of certain compounds among the organisms being classified.
chemotherapy
Treatment of diseases, including cancer, with chemicals.
Chen Duxiu
Chinese political and intellectual leader, a founder of the Chinese Communist Party.
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