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Sea level -- Mean sea level (MSL) is the average (mean) height of the sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface. Defining the reference level, however, involves complex measurement, and accurately ... > full article Sea water -- Seawater is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of approximately 3.5%, or 35 parts per thousand. This means that for every 1 litre (1000 mL) of ... > full article Ocean current -- An ocean current is any more or less permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the ... > full article Sediment -- Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ... > full article Sequence stratigraphy -- Sequence stratigraphy is a relatively new branch of geology that attempts to link prehistoric sea-level changes to sedimentary deposits. The 'sequence' part of the name refers to cyclic sedimentary ... > full article Mid-ocean ridge -- A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the ... > full article Ice shelf -- An ice shelf is a thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice sheet flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface, typically in Antarctica or Greenland. The boundary ... > full article Oceanic trench -- The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They also are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Trenches define one of the most important ... > full article Ocean -- Though generally recognized as several 'separate' oceans, these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water often referred to as the World Ocean or global ocean. This concept of a ... > full article Earth science -- Many scientists are now starting to use an approach known as Earth system science which treats the entire Earth as a system in its own right, which evolves as a result of positive and negative ... > full article Estuary -- An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries are often associated with high rates of ... > full article Ocean acidification -- Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by their uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Between 1751 and 2004 ... > full article Phytoplankton -- Phytoplankton refers to the autotrophic component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye. Phytoplankton, like ... > full article Iceberg -- An iceberg is a large piece of ice that has broken off from a snow-formed glacier or ice shelf and is floating in open water. Since the density of pure water ice is ca. 920 kg/m3, and that ... > full article Greenland ice sheet -- The Greenland Ice Sheet is a vast body of ice covering roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The ice sheet is almost ... > full article Coast -- The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the ocean. A coastline is properly, a line on a map indicating the disposition of a coast but the word is often used to refer to the ... > full article Tide -- Tides are the cyclic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun acting on the Earth. Tides cause changes in the depth of the sea, and also produce ... > full article Dead zone (ecology) -- Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans, the observed incidences of which have been increasing since oceanographers began noting them in the 1970s. The term could as well ... > full article Geophysics -- Geophysics, the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic reflection and refraction, geodesy, gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radioactivity ... > full article Coastal erosion -- Coastal erosion is common phrase referring to the loss of subaerial landmass into a sea or lake due to natural processes such as waves, winds and tides, or even due to human interference. Large ... > full article |
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Carbon Dioxide Did Not End The Last Ice Age, Study Says (October 2, 2007) -- A new study contradicts the view that carbon dioxide was responsible for the meltdown that ended the last ice age. Deep-sea temperatures rose 1,300 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide, ruling out ... > full story
Arctic Sea Ice Extent May Have Fallen By 50 Percent Since 1950s (October 2, 2007) -- Arctic sea ice during the 2007 melt season plummeted to the lowest levels since satellite measurements began in 1979. If ship and aircraft records from before the satellite era are taken into ... > full story
'Remarkable' Drop In Arctic Sea Ice Raises Questions (October 1, 2007) -- Melting Arctic sea ice has shrunk to a 29-year low, significantly below the minimum set in 2005, according to preliminary figures. NASA scientists, who have been observing the declining Arctic sea ... > full story
Forests Of Endangered Tropical Kelp Discovered (September 28, 2007) -- Forests of a species of kelp previously thought endangered or extinct in deep waters near the Galapagos Islands has just been discovered. This discovery has important implications for biodiversity ... > full story
Could Iron Fertilization Of Oceans Combat Global Warming? (September 26, 2007) -- Several times over the past century, scientists and environmental engineers have proposed spreading slurries of dissolved iron into the oceans in order to "fertilize" the waters and promote vast ... > full story
Greenland Snow Melting Hit Record High In High Places, NASA Finds (September 26, 2007) -- A new NASA-supported study reports that 2007 marked an overall rise in the melting trend over the entire Greenland ice sheet and, remarkably, melting in high-altitude areas was greater than ever at ... > full story
Deep-sea Scientific Drilling Program To Study Volatile Earthquake Zone Launched (September 25, 2007) -- Scientists begin exploring the origins of earthquakes at their source with the launch of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment. On Sept. 21, the Japanese drilling vessel Chikyu departs from ... > full story
Snowmelt In Antarctica Creeping Inland, Based On 20 Year Of NASA Data (September 24, 2007) -- In a new NASA study, researchers using 20 years of data from space-based sensors have confirmed that Antarctic snow is melting farther inland from the coast over time, melting at higher altitudes ... > full story
Satellite Paints Picture Of World's Oceans Over Last Decade (September 24, 2007) -- The NASA-managed Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor instrument settled into orbit around Earth in 1997 and took its first measurements of ocean color. A decade later, the satellite's data has ... > full story
Bioluminescence Genes Found Through Metagenomic Study Of Deep Mediterranean (September 24, 2007) -- Metagenomics is a revolutionary approach to study microbes. Rather than isolating pure cultures, the power of high-throughput sequencing is applied directly to environmental samples to obtain ... > full story
Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Shatters All-time Record Low, Report Scientists (September 21, 2007) -- Scientists said September 20 that the extent of Arctic sea ice appears to have reached its minimum for 2007 on Sept. 16, shattering all previous lows since satellite record-keeping began nearly 30 ... > full story
Rising Surface Temperatures Drive Back Winter Ice In Barents Sea, Researchers Find (September 20, 2007) -- Rising sea-surface temperatures in the Barents Sea, northeast of Scandinavia, are the prime cause of the retreating winter ice edge over the past 26 years, according to new research. The recent ... > full story
Earth Science (With CD-ROM)
Earth Science offers a reader-friendly overview of our physical environment for the reader with little or no exposure to science. The emphasis is on readability, with clear explanations and examples, ... > read more
Earth Science (11th Edition)
Earth Science offers a reader-friendly overview of our physical environment for the reader with little or no exposure to science. The emphasis is on readability, with clear explanations and examples, ... > read more
Gen-e-sis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origins
Life on Earth arose nearly 4 billion years ago, bursting forth from air, water, and rock. Though the process obeyed all the rules of chemistry and physics, the details of that original event pose as ... > read more
Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make Competition Irrelevant
Winning by Not Competing: A Fresh Approach to Strategy Since the dawn of the industrial age, companies have engaged in head-to-head competition in search of sustained, profitable growth. They have ... > read more
Physical Geology
Physical Geology is a market-leading classic that has been used in classrooms for over 20 years. Updated to include the latest technology and most current information, Physical Geology is for both ... > read more
A PocketExpert Guide to Marine Invertebrates: 500+ Essential-to-Know Aquarium Species
Following in the wake of the hugely popular PocketExpert Guide to Marine Fishes is this eagerly awaited title in the Microcosm/T.F.H Professional Series. Interest in marine invertebrates is exploding ... > read more
Invitation to Oceanography, Third Edition
..key features :process of science boxes help the reader understand how science is conducted and how scientists draw conclusions about the natural world...science by numbers boxes highlight basic ... > read more
The Changing Earth : Exploring Geology and Evolution (with Physical GeologyNow)
THE CHANGING EARTH, a leader in the Introductory Geology course, is the only text specifically written for the combined physical and historical geology course. The Fourth Edition's content is based ... > read more
Plan B 2.0: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble
In this new edition, Lester Brown outlines a survival strategy for our early twenty-first civilization.The world faces numerous environmental trends of disruption and decline such as rising ... > read more
Elemental Geosystems, Fourth Edition
This book gives readers an accessible, systematic, non-mathematical, and visually appealing start in physical geography. It features a distinctive, holistic integration of human-Earth relationships, ... > read more