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education :: The Italian universities --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia
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Introduction
Education in primitive and early civilized cultures
Prehistoric and primitive cultures
Education in the earliest civilizations
Education in classical cultures
Ancient India
Ancient China
Ancient Hebrews
Ancient Greeks
Ancient Romans
Education in Persian, Byzantine, early Russian, and Islamic civilizations
Ancient Persia
The Byzantine Empire
Early Russian education: Kiev and Muscovy
The Islamic Era
The European Middle Ages
The background of early Christian education
The Carolingian renaissance and its aftermath
The medieval renaissance
Education in Asian civilizations: c. 700 to the eve of Western influence
India
China
Japan
European Renaissance and Reformation
The channels of development in Renaissance education
The humanistic tradition in Italy
The humanistic tradition of northern and western Europe
Education in the Reformation and Counter-Reformation
European education in the 17th and 18th centuries
The social and historical setting
Education in 17th-century Europe
Education in 18th-century Europe
European offshoots in the New World
Western education in the 19th century
The social and historical setting
The early reform movement: the new educational philosophers
Development of national systems of education
The spread of Western educational practices to Asian countries
Education in the 20th century
Social and historical background
Major intellectual movements
Major trends and problems
Western patterns of education
Revolutionary patterns of education
Russia: from tsarism to communism
China: from Confucianism to communism
Patterns of education in non-Western or developing nations
Japan
South Asia
Africa
The Middle East
Latin America
Southeast Asia
Additional Reading
General works
Education in primitive and early civilized cultures
Education in classical cultures
Education in Persian, Byzantine, early Russian, and Islamic civilizations
The European Middle Ages
Education in Asian civilizations, c. 700 to the eve of Western influence
European Renaissance and Reformation
European education in the 17th and 18th centuries
Western education in the 19th century
Education in the 20th century
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education
The Italian universities

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The European Middle Ages > The medieval renaissance > The development of the universities > The Italian universities

The earliest studia arose out of efforts to provide instruction beyond the range of the cathedral and monastic schools for the education of priests and monks. Salerno, the first great studium, became known as a school of medicine as early as the 9th century, and, under the teaching of Constantine the African (died 1087), its fame spread throughout Europe. In 1231 it was licensed…

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